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Article ; Online: Letter to the editor: will it be possible to achieve the global nutrition targets in Mexico by 2030?

Ancira-Moreno, Mónica / Hernández-Cordero, Sonia

International journal for equity in health

2024 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 60

Abstract: In May 2012, the 65th World Health Assembly (WHA) approved six global nutrition targets by 2025 aimed to reduce stunting in children under five by 40%, maintain childhood wasting below 5%, halt obesity, cut anemia in women by 50%, lower low birth weight ... ...

Abstract	In May 2012, the 65th World Health Assembly (WHA) approved six global nutrition targets by 2025 aimed to reduce stunting in children under five by 40%, maintain childhood wasting below 5%, halt obesity, cut anemia in women by 50%, lower low birth weight prevalence by 30%, and increase exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) within the first 6 months to 50%. These targets were extended to 2030, with all of them remaining as originally planned, but the EBF one (increased to 70%), wasting and overweight (both objectives set to eliminate them to negligible concern). Mexico is projected to achieve only one of the six nutrition targets (wasting) by 2025, falling far short of the stunting, low birth weight, anemia, and exclusive breastfeeding for the updated goals by 2030. This letter to the editor describes the most recent prevalence of malnutrition among mothers and children in Mexico. It discusses the challenges pregnant women and children under five years of age face exercising their right to good food, nutrition, and development. The authors reflect on the urgent need to make structural changes to achieve the global nutrition targets by 2030, highlighting the paramount importance of addressing the profound structural obstacles in Mexico and how Mexico's government must prioritize poverty reduction, reduce the marked inequalities, enhance the quality of nutritional care and healthcare infrastructure, and implement climate-resilient agricultural practices to address this pressing issue.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Infant ; Child, Preschool ; Mexico/epidemiology ; Nutritional Status ; Malnutrition/prevention & control ; Malnutrition/epidemiology ; Growth Disorders/epidemiology ; Growth Disorders/prevention & control ; Anemia/epidemiology ; Prevalence
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	2092056-8
ISSN	1475-9276 ; 1475-9276
ISSN (online)	1475-9276
ISSN	1475-9276
DOI	10.1186/s12939-024-02111-9
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: What will it take to increase breastfeeding?

Hernández-Cordero, Sonia / Pérez-Escamilla, Rafael

Maternal & child nutrition

2022 Volume 18 Suppl 3, Page(s) e13371

Abstract: The introduction for the Supplement in Maternal & Child Nutrition: What will it take to increase breastfeeding? describes the contribution of each of the articles included in this Supplement to the current evidence about the major structural challenges ... ...

Abstract	The introduction for the Supplement in Maternal & Child Nutrition: What will it take to increase breastfeeding? describes the contribution of each of the articles included in this Supplement to the current evidence about the major structural challenges in place to overcome to improve breastfeeding practices, as well as the evidence-based policies and interventions that can be effective at advancing breastfeeding on a large scale to promote, protect and support breastfeeding.
MeSH term(s)	Breast Feeding ; Child ; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Editorial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2175105-5
ISSN	1740-8709 ; 1740-8695
ISSN (online)	1740-8709
ISSN	1740-8695
DOI	10.1111/mcn.13371
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Article ; Online: What works to protect, promote and support breastfeeding on a large scale: A review of reviews.

Tomori, Cecília / Hernández-Cordero, Sonia / Busath, Natalie / Menon, Purnima / Pérez-Escamilla, Rafael

Maternal & child nutrition

2022 Volume 18 Suppl 3, Page(s) e13344

Abstract: Globally women continue to face substantial barriers to breastfeeding. The 2016 Lancet Breastfeeding Series identified key barriers and reviewed effective interventions that address them. The present study updates the evidence base since 2016 using a ... ...

Abstract	Globally women continue to face substantial barriers to breastfeeding. The 2016 Lancet Breastfeeding Series identified key barriers and reviewed effective interventions that address them. The present study updates the evidence base since 2016 using a review of reviews approach. Searches were implemented using the Epistomenikos database. One hundred and fifteen reviews of interventions were identified and assessed for quality and risk of bias. Over half of reviews (53%) were high- or moderate quality, with the remaining low or critically low quality due to weaknesses in assessment of bias. A large portion of studies addressed high-income and upper-middle income settings, (41%), and a majority (63%) addressed health systems, followed by community and family settings (39%). Findings from reviews continue to strengthen the evidence base for effective interventions that improve breastfeeding outcomes across all levels of the social-ecological model, including supportive workplace policies; implementation of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative, skin to skin care, kangaroo mother care, and cup feeding in health settings; and the importance of continuity of care and support in community and family settings, via home visits delivered by CHWs, supported by fathers', grandmothers' and community involvement. Studies disproportionately focus on health systems in high income and upper-middle income settings. There is insufficient attention to policy and structural interventions, the workplace and there is a need for rigorous assessment of multilevel interventions. Evidence from the past 5 years demonstrates the need to build on well-established knowledge to scale up breastfeeding protection, promotion and support programmes.
MeSH term(s)	Breast Feeding ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Kangaroo-Mother Care Method
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2175105-5
ISSN	1740-8709 ; 1740-8695
ISSN (online)	1740-8709
ISSN	1740-8695
DOI	10.1111/mcn.13344
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Article: Legislation on marketing of breast-milk substitutes in digital and social media: a scoping review.

Franco-Lares, Bianca / Lara-Mejía, Vania / Lozada-Tequeanes, Ana Lilia / Villanueva-Vázquez, Cassandra / Hernandez-Cordero, Sonia

BMJ global health

2023 Volume 8, Issue 3

Abstract: Innovative and continuously changing methods of digital marketing are routinely used to reach young women and their families with advertisements that normalise infant artificial feeding and undermine breastfeeding. Legislation and provisions regulating ... ...

Abstract	Innovative and continuously changing methods of digital marketing are routinely used to reach young women and their families with advertisements that normalise infant artificial feeding and undermine breastfeeding. Legislation and provisions regulating digital and social media marketing are limited across countries. The aim of this scoping review was to systematically identify and summarise worldwide legislation implemented to regulate breast-milk substitutes (BMS) marketing on digital and social media, as well as identifying areas of opportunity to strengthen and improve it. Documents published from January 2012 to April 2022 were examined using search strategies including multiple databases and citation tracking. A total of 127 sources were evaluated, and only 28 documents from 24 countries meeting the inclusion criteria were retained. Most of the reviewed documents explicitly stated that digital marketing was prohibited (n=23), as opposed to being regulated only, with prior approval from the relevant authorities in each country. Regarding monitoring, from the countries included in this scoping review, only 14 of 24 (58.3%) stipulate a monitoring process for compliance with legal measures and have designated an actor responsible for monitoring. In addition, 22 of 24 (91.6%) countries included have defined sanctions, but only 17 (70%) countries specify the entity responsible for enforcement. The results highlight the urgent call for the explicit regulation of BMS marketing in digital and social media worldwide, as well as the public documentation of such legal measures. Likewise, it is important that there are effective, transparent and free of commercial influence national monitoring systems used to ensure compliance with legal measures.
MeSH term(s)	Infant ; Humans ; Female ; Social Media ; Milk Substitutes ; Breast Feeding ; Marketing
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2059-7908
ISSN	2059-7908
DOI	10.1136/bmjgh-2022-011150
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Article ; Online: An analysis of actors participating in the design and implementation of workplace breastfeeding interventions in Mexico using the NetMap analysis approach.

Litwan, Kathrin / Lara-Mejía, Vania / Chahine, Teresa / Hernández-Cordero, Sonia / Vilar-Compte, Mireya / Pérez-Escamilla, Rafael

Frontiers in public health

2023 Volume 11, Page(s) 1192600

Abstract: Introduction: While breastfeeding is recognized as providing optimal nutrition for infants and toddlers, maternal employment is a commonly mentioned barrier to breastfeeding. The goal was to (a) identify key actors participating in the design and ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: While breastfeeding is recognized as providing optimal nutrition for infants and toddlers, maternal employment is a commonly mentioned barrier to breastfeeding. The goal was to (a) identify key actors participating in the design and implementation of workplace breastfeeding interventions in Mexico, (b) understand the complexity of interactions between the actors, and (c) map the connections and influence between the actors when looking into networks of Advice, Command, Funding, and Information. Method: Following the NetMap methodology, a total of 11 semi-structured interviews with 12 interview partners from 10 organizations were conducted. Interview data were analyzed, and networks were analyzed and visualized, using a social network mapping software. Results: A total of 83 actors from five different actor groups were identified. Four networks were constructed along the four types of connections: Advice, Command, Funding, and Information. The actors were connected by 580 connections with 446 unique links. Based on various network statistics, the Mexican Institute of Social Security, the Mexican Secretary of Labor and Social Welfare, UNICEF, and the Mexican Secretary of Health were identified to be key actors. Conclusion: To increase the likelihood of success of workplace breastfeeding interventions, the role of the actors "Employers" and "Women" needs to expand. They should be actively involved in the decision-making process, together with the identified key actors. It is further recommended to re-introduce a national breastfeeding strategy for Mexico that includes policies for workplace breastfeeding interventions.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Infant ; Humans ; Breast Feeding ; Mexico ; Women, Working ; Workplace ; Mothers
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2711781-9
ISSN	2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
ISSN (online)	2296-2565
ISSN	2296-2565
DOI	10.3389/fpubh.2023.1192600
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Article ; Online: Healthcare professionals and commercial milk formula recommendations in the urban Mexican context.

Hernández-Cordero, Sonia / Vilar-Compte, Mireya / Tomori, Cecília / Lara-Mejía, Vania / Rovelo-Velázquez, Natalia / Hayes, Keily / Pérez-Escamilla, Rafael

Frontiers in public health

2023 Volume 11, Page(s) 1260222

Abstract: Introduction: Breastfeeding (BF) is considered an essential component of optimal care for child health and development. In the past two decades, global data have shown improvements in some, but not all, BF indicators. Despite these positive changes ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Breastfeeding (BF) is considered an essential component of optimal care for child health and development. In the past two decades, global data have shown improvements in some, but not all, BF indicators. Despite these positive changes sales and per capita intake of commercial milk formula (CMF) have increased globally. The CMF industry invests millions of dollars in marketing, which targets families and healthcare professionals (HCP). In Mexico, more than half of the mothers (53%) who feed their infants with CMF chose their Brand on the recommendation of HCP. Understanding the reasons behind the current recommendations for the use of CMF by HCP is important for the design of BF interventions. The primary objective of this study was to explore Mexican HCP' beliefs, attitudes, perceptions, and practices about early infant feeding practices, and reasons for recommending CMF. The secondary objective was to explore pregnant women and mother's perceptions of the infant feeding recommendations they received from HCP, and of the factors that influenced their infant feeding decisions. Methods: The study was based on a secondary qualitative data analysis of a WHO/UNICEF multi-country study. We analyzed focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs) from Mexico. Data were collected through convenience sampling in Mexico City and Guadalajara. HCP (n = 34) analysis was based on IDIs, and pregnant women or mothers of children 0-18 months ( Results: Through a thematic analysis, we identified the socioecology of BF and triangulated HCP and women's accounts. HCP, pregnant women, and mothers recognized that several factors might have influenced their infant feeding decisions including healthcare facilities' policies and maternal work conditions. Although HCP believed that BF is the best way to feed newborns and young children, they routinely recommended CMF. On the other hand, pregnant women and mothers had a strong belief that BF is the best way to feed their babies. However, when women sought support from HCP, the latter often recommended switching to CMF. Discussion: This study highlights the discordance between HCP perceptions and mothers' experiences of HCP recommendations about infant feeding. Our findings support a national call for policy actions.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Breast Feeding ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Mexico ; Milk ; Mothers
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2711781-9
ISSN	2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
ISSN (online)	2296-2565
ISSN	2296-2565
DOI	10.3389/fpubh.2023.1260222
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Article ; Online: Globally, childhood overweight and obesity.

Hernández Cordero, Sonia

Salud publica de Mexico

2014 Volume 56 Suppl 2, Page(s) s99–100

MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Comorbidity ; Female ; Global Health ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Overweight/epidemiology ; Overweight/etiology ; Overweight/prevention & control ; Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology ; Pediatric Obesity/prevention & control ; Social Change
Language	English
Publishing date	2014
Publishing country	Mexico
Document type	Editorial ; Introductory Journal Article
ZDB-ID	954220-6
ISSN	1606-7916 ; 0036-3634
ISSN (online)	1606-7916
ISSN	0036-3634
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Barriers to promoting breastfeeding in primary health care in Mexico: a qualitative perspective.

Hoyos-Loya, Elizabeth / Pérez Navarro, Cecilia / Burrola-Méndez, Soraya / Hernández-Cordero, Sonia / Omaña-Guzmán, Isabel / Sachse Aguilera, Matthias / Ancira-Moreno, Mónica

Frontiers in nutrition

2024 Volume 10, Page(s) 1278280

Abstract: Objective: This article aimed to identify the main barriers related to promoting and counseling breastfeeding (BF) at the Primary Health Care (PHC) in Mexico.: Methodology: A qualitative study with a phenomenological approach was carried out in 88 ... ...

Abstract	Objective: This article aimed to identify the main barriers related to promoting and counseling breastfeeding (BF) at the Primary Health Care (PHC) in Mexico. Methodology: A qualitative study with a phenomenological approach was carried out in 88 health centers of the Ministry of Health in the states of Chihuahua, Oaxaca, Chiapas, Veracruz, Mexico, and Yucatan. From September to November 2021, we interviewed 88 key health professionals (HPs) (physicians, nurses, nutritionists, and others) from the PHC of the Ministry of Health in Mexico and 80 parents of children under 5 years old. In addition, nine focus groups were conducted with parents and caregivers. The data obtained were triangulated with information from focus groups and semi-structured interviews. Results: Of the total interviews, 43.2% ( Conclusion: The results presented reflect the reality of Mexico in relation to BF, making it urgent to take immediate action to improve the quality of nutritional care related to the promotion and orientation of BF at the PHC.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2776676-7
ISSN	2296-861X
ISSN	2296-861X
DOI	10.3389/fnut.2023.1278280
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Article: Corrigendum: Barriers to promoting breastfeeding in primary health care in Mexico: a qualitative perspective.

Hoyos-Loya, Elizabeth / Pérez Navarro, Cecilia / Burrola-Méndez, Soraya / Hernández-Cordero, Sonia / Omaña-Guzmán, Isabel / Sachse Aguilera, Matthias / Ancira-Moreno, Mónica

Frontiers in nutrition

2024 Volume 11, Page(s) 1372964

Abstract: This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1278280.]. ...

Abstract	[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1278280.].
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2776676-7
ISSN	2296-861X
ISSN	2296-861X
DOI	10.3389/fnut.2024.1372964
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Article ; Online: Exposure to marketing of breastmilk substitutes in Mexican women: Sources and scope

Hernández-Cordero, Sonia / Vilar Compte, Mireya / Castañeda-Márquez, Ana Cristina / Rollins, Nigel / Kingston, Gillian / Pérez-Escamilla, Rafael

Int Breastfeed J. 2022 Dec., v. 17, no. 1 p.16-16

2022

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Aggressive and unregulated marketing of breastmilk substitutes (BMS) results in increased child morbidity and mortality. Unregulated BMS marketing is a major public health concern because it encourages formula consumption at the expense of ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: Aggressive and unregulated marketing of breastmilk substitutes (BMS) results in increased child morbidity and mortality. Unregulated BMS marketing is a major public health concern because it encourages formula consumption at the expense of breastfeeding. This study aimed to identify the sources and characterize the nature of exposure to marketing of BMS among Mexican mothers of children under 18 months of age. As a secondary objective we explored potential association between exposure to BMS marketing and infant feeding practices. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, comprising a pre-piloted survey, was conducted between February 2020 to February 2021 with Mexican mothers of children under 18 months of age (n = 754), in two major cities in Mexico. Mothers were selected according to their current infant feeding practices (Breastfeeding only vs. Mixed feeding). We characterized the different BMS marketing sources and scope, and related them with infant feeding practices. In addition, we used logistic regression models to estimate the odds ratio for infant feeding practices by BMS marketing exposure or recommendation. RESULTS: Mothers reported different sources of exposure to BMS promotion, including BMS advertisements in diverse media channels (41.6%), recommendation by a healthcare professional and/or relative (76.2%), and receiving a BMS sample at a hospital (18.6%). By contrast, only 36.5% recalled hearing or seeing breastfeeding information the previous year. The odds of mixed feeding were substantially higher, compared to breastfeeding, when mothers were recommended to use a BMS by doctors/pediatricians (OR: 3.96, 95% CI: 2.00, 7.83). Having seen or heard breastfeeding information in the previous year was associated with a lower risk of mixed feeding compared to breastfeeding only (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.99). CONCLUSIONS: Mexican mothers of young children in the metropolitan areas studied were highly exposed to BMS marketing and through different mass media channels and inter-personal sources. Health care professionals, particularly doctors/pediatricians, are a source of BMS promotion that are likely to have a strong influence on maternal decisions about infant feeding practices. There is an urgent need to protect mothers and their families against unregulated BMS promotion through mass media channels and directly by influential individuals, including health care providers.
Keywords	breast feeding ; breast milk ; children ; cross-sectional studies ; health care workers ; health services ; hospitals ; mortality ; odds ratio ; public health ; regression analysis ; risk ; surveys ; Mexico
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-12
Size	p. 16.
Publishing place	BioMed Central
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2227239-2
ISSN	1746-4358
ISSN	1746-4358
DOI	10.1186/s13006-022-00455-y
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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