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Article ; Online: A Comparison of Selected Items Found in Graduation Survey Instruments from MD and DO Schools. What It Reveals About Satisfaction with Career Choice.

Hernandez, Mark J

Medical science educator

2020 Volume 30, Issue 4, Page(s) 1413–1418

Abstract: Selected items in graduation survey instruments from MD and DO schools were compared using a novel combined approach which revealed meaningful information about career choice. Although the student satisfaction with medical education had remained steady ... ...

Abstract	Selected items in graduation survey instruments from MD and DO schools were compared using a novel combined approach which revealed meaningful information about career choice. Although the student satisfaction with medical education had remained steady during the past decade for both MD and DO programs, the dissatisfaction with medical programs at time of graduation was different (
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2156-8650
ISSN (online)	2156-8650
DOI	10.1007/s40670-020-01045-5
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Article ; Online: Effects of classroom cleaning on student health: a longitudinal study.

Shaughnessy, Richard / Hernandez, Mark / Haverinen-Shaughnessy, Ulla

Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology

2022 Volume 32, Issue 5, Page(s) 767–773

Abstract: Background: School districts across the world have been grappling with how to keep their schools open, students healthy, and prevent the spread of viruses in their communities.: Objective: The aims of this study included assessing both (1) the ... ...

Abstract	Background: School districts across the world have been grappling with how to keep their schools open, students healthy, and prevent the spread of viruses in their communities. Objective: The aims of this study included assessing both (1) the effectiveness of enhanced classroom cleaning and disinfecting protocol on surface biocontamination and (2) the associations between surface biocontamination and student absence due to illnesses. Methods: Cleaning effectiveness was assessed using quantitative adenosine triphosphate (ATP) measurements during a 10-week study period in a sample of 34 public schools (15,814 students), of a district located in the Western US. The schools were randomly assigned to 17 intervention schools implementing enhanced cleaning and disinfecting protocol and 17 control schools cleaning as usual. General estimating equations (GEEs) were used for modeling associations between ATP levels and weekly aggregates of student absences due to respiratory and gastrointestinal illnesses, which were recorded by the schools according to district wide protocol. Results: The weekly average ATP levels on logarithmic scale were 5.02 (SD 0.53) and 5.26 (SD 0.48) in the intervention and control schools, respectively, where the difference is statistically significant (p < 0.001). The probability of weekly absence due to gastrointestinal illness was significantly associated with ATP levels (parameter estimate 1.16, 95% CI 1.01-1.34, per unit (log) increase of weekly average ATP), where the model accounts for student level, gender, ethnic group, and socioeconomic status as well as for school level attendance, total absence ratio, and ventilation adequacy in classrooms. Associations were not found between ATP levels and weekly probability of any absence, or absence due to respiratory illness. Significance: Enhanced cleaning resulted in a significantly lower level of biocontamination on desktops in the intervention group. In addition, a statistically significant association was established between ATP levels on classroom desks and probability of absence due to gastrointestinal illness. Impact: We found that enhanced cleaning protocol, including bi-weekly cleaning of classroom desks, as well as training of custodians and teachers, monitoring of effectiveness, and feedback, yielded a moderate but statistically significantly lower level of biocontamination on desktops, indicated by quantitative ATP monitoring. Within the range of weekly average desktop ATP levels observed, the probability of reported absence due to gastrointestinal illness is estimated to increase from 0.021 to 0.026. Based on the results, enhanced surface cleaning and monitoring its effectiveness is a possible district, state, or even national level policy to support healthy school environments.
MeSH term(s)	Adenosine Triphosphate ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Schools ; Students ; Ventilation
Chemical Substances	Adenosine Triphosphate (8L70Q75FXE)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2218551-3
ISSN	1559-064X ; 1559-0631
ISSN (online)	1559-064X
ISSN	1559-0631
DOI	10.1038/s41370-022-00427-8
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Article: Building Interest in the Primary Care Specialty Through Enhanced Global Health Experience.

Hernandez, Mark / Ibiwoye, Michael O / Ledbetter, Melinda / Thacker, Richard / Diaz, Sebastian

Cureus

2023 Volume 15, Issue 12, Page(s) e50216

Abstract: Background An overwhelming majority of matriculating medical students in the USA are keen to deliver quality health care to all people, including the socioeconomically disadvantaged populations in remote, resource-scarce regions nationally and worldwide. ...

Abstract	Background An overwhelming majority of matriculating medical students in the USA are keen to deliver quality health care to all people, including the socioeconomically disadvantaged populations in remote, resource-scarce regions nationally and worldwide. Here, we describe a protocol developed to evaluate the interest of our medical students in global health activities. We also examined the relationship between students' interest in global health and readiness to pursue a future career in the primary care specialty. Materials and methods We designed a survey in Qualtrics online software and reached all first-year and third-year medical students between 2019 and 2022 enrolled at the Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine (ACOM). The survey utilized ordinal scale items to explore the medical students' interest in primary care residency programs, their interest in global health and international travel, and their perceptions of how a range of factors might motivate their desire to participate in global health activities. The study was approved by ACOM's Institutional Review Board (IRB). In order to compare findings from this study with data from other medical schools, we developed constructs using the national aggregate data, in percentages, from matriculants and graduates of Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) degree-granting medical schools according to gender, published by the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine (AACOM). Statistical analysis of national aggregate data was performed using the unpaired t-test. Results Both female and male participants had lived or traveled abroad before starting medical school. Female (98%, n=249) and male (95%, n=140) participants in the first-year cohorts considered helping the underserved population as important or very important as it is related to a career in medicine. Females in the third-year cohorts (97%, n=71) also ranked this statement as important or very important compared to male cohorts (89%, n=31). A higher proportion of females (43%, n=108) compared to males (35%, n=52) in first-year cohorts agreed or strongly agreed that they would likely pursue a residency in primary care. More females (59%, n=43) than males (46%, n=16) in the third-year cohorts agreed or strongly agreed with the same statement. Analysis of the aggregate national data (2009-2022) revealed that the percentage (actual count not available) of female students who planned
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.50216
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Article ; Online: Artificial intelligence-based prediction of indoor bioaerosol concentrations from indoor air quality sensor data.

Lee, Justin Y Y / Miao, Yanhao / Chau, Ricky L T / Hernandez, Mark / Lee, Patrick K H

Environment international

2023 Volume 174, Page(s) 107900

Abstract: Exposure to bioaerosols in indoor environments, especially public venues that have a high occupancy and poor ventilation, is a serious public health concern. However, it remains challenging to monitor and determine real-time or predict near-future ... ...

Abstract	Exposure to bioaerosols in indoor environments, especially public venues that have a high occupancy and poor ventilation, is a serious public health concern. However, it remains challenging to monitor and determine real-time or predict near-future concentrations of airborne biological matter. In this study, we developed artificial intelligence (AI) models using physical and chemical data from indoor air quality sensors and physical data from ultraviolet light-induced fluorescence observations of bioaerosols. This enabled us to effectively estimate the bioaerosol (bacteria-, fungi- and pollen-like particle) and 2.5-µm and 10-µm particulate matter (PM
MeSH term(s)	Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis ; Artificial Intelligence ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Particulate Matter/analysis ; Fungi ; Air Pollutants/analysis
Chemical Substances	Particulate Matter ; Air Pollutants
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-28
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	554791-x
ISSN	1873-6750 ; 0160-4120
ISSN (online)	1873-6750
ISSN	0160-4120
DOI	10.1016/j.envint.2023.107900
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Article ; Online: Artificial intelligence-based prediction of indoor bioaerosol concentrations from indoor air quality sensor data

Lee, Justin Y.Y. / Miao, Yanhao / Chau, Ricky L.T. / Hernandez, Mark / Lee, Patrick K.H.

Environment International. 2023 Apr., v. 174 p.107900-

2023

Abstract	Exposure to bioaerosols in indoor environments, especially public venues that have a high occupancy and poor ventilation, is a serious public health concern. However, it remains challenging to monitor and determine real-time or predict near-future concentrations of airborne biological matter. In this study, we developed artificial intelligence (AI) models using physical and chemical data from indoor air quality sensors and physical data from ultraviolet light-induced fluorescence observations of bioaerosols. This enabled us to effectively estimate the bioaerosol (bacteria-, fungi- and pollen-like particle) and 2.5-µm and 10-µm particulate matter (PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀) on a real-time and near-future (≤60 min) basis. Seven AI models were developed and evaluated using measured data from an occupied commercial office and a shopping mall. A long short-term memory model required a relatively short training time and gave the highest prediction accuracy of ∼ 60 %–80 % for bioaerosols and ∼ 90 % for PM on the testing and time series datasets from the two venues. This work demonstrates how AI-based methods can leverage bioaerosol monitoring into predictive scenarios that building operators can use for improving indoor environmental quality in near real-time.
Keywords	air quality ; artificial intelligence ; bioaerosols ; data collection ; environment ; fluorescence ; indoor environmental quality ; neural networks ; particulates ; prediction ; public health ; time series analysis ; Indoor air quality ; Monitoring ; Sensors
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-04
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	554791-x
ISSN	1873-6750 ; 0160-4120
ISSN (online)	1873-6750
ISSN	0160-4120
DOI	10.1016/j.envint.2023.107900
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Article ; Online: Removal of radionuclides from acidic solution by activated carbon impregnated with methyl- and carboxy-benzotriazoles.

Abu-Dalo, Muna A / Nevostrueva, Svetlana / Hernandez, Mark

Scientific reports

2020 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 11712

Abstract: The removal efficiencies of metals commonly used to model the fate and transport of aqueous uranium and radioactive its daughter products, were observed on activated carbons impregnated with different benzotriazole derivatives. Acidic solutions ... ...

Abstract	The removal efficiencies of metals commonly used to model the fate and transport of aqueous uranium and radioactive its daughter products, were observed on activated carbons impregnated with different benzotriazole derivatives. Acidic solutions containing U(VI), Sr(II), Eu(III), and Ce(III) were used to determine the immobilization potential of carboxybenzotriazole (CBT) and methylbenzotriazole (MeBT), where these derivatives were sorbed to different types of granular activated carbon (GAC). This sorption behavior can be predicted by Redlich-Peterson model. Flow-through column tests showed that the immobilization of uranium and some of its daughter products, significantly improves in response to oxidized GACs saturated with carboxybenzotrzole (CBT), which reached a maximum elimination for U(VI) at 260 BV, Eu(III) at 114 BV, Ce(III) at 126 BV, and Sr(II) at 100. MeBT significantly desorbed from GAC under acidic conditions. Trace amounts of CBT were observed in some column effluents, but this did not appear to alter the effectiveness of metal removal, regardless of the model radionuclide studied. These results suggest that enhanced immobilization of selected metals on GAC, can be achieved by impregnating oxidized activated carbon with carboxylated benzotriazoles, and that metal removal efficiency on this media, is related to their valence and ionic radius in acidic environments.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-020-68645-4
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Article ; Online: Aerosol fluorescence, airborne hexosaminidase, and quantitative genomics distinguish reductions in airborne fungal loads following major school renovations.

Nieto-Caballero, Marina / Gomez, Odessa M / Shaughnessy, Richard / Hernandez, Mark

Indoor air

2021 Volume 32, Issue 1, Page(s) e12975

Abstract: Fluorescent aerosol cytometry (FAC) was compared to concurrent recovery of airborne β-N-acetylhexosaminidase (NAHA) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for the respective ability of these methods to detect significant changes in airborne ... ...

Abstract	Fluorescent aerosol cytometry (FAC) was compared to concurrent recovery of airborne β-N-acetylhexosaminidase (NAHA) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for the respective ability of these methods to detect significant changes in airborne fungal loads in response to building renovations. Composite, site-randomized indoor aerosol samples for airborne fungi measurements were acquired from more than 70 occupied classrooms in 26 different public schools in the Colorado Rocky Mountain Front Range region of the United States. As judged by ANOVA and Pearson's correlation test, statistically significant associations were observed between real-time FAC and airborne NAHA levels, which detected significant reductions in airborne fungal loads immediately following building rehabilitations. With lower confidence, a statistically significant association was also resolved between fluorescing aerosols, NAHA levels, and the recovery of fungal 18S rRNA gene copies by qPCR from simultaneous, collocated aerosol samples. Quantitative differences encountered between the recovery of common genomic markers for airborne fungi and that of optical and biochemical methods are attributed to the variance in 18S rRNA target gene copies that different fungal species can host.
MeSH term(s)	Aerosols ; Air Microbiology ; Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis ; Fluorescence ; Fungi/genetics ; Genomics ; Hexosaminidases ; Schools ; beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases
Chemical Substances	Aerosols ; Hexosaminidases (EC 3.2.1.-) ; beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases (EC 3.2.1.52)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	1081722-0
ISSN	1600-0668 ; 0905-6947
ISSN (online)	1600-0668
ISSN	0905-6947
DOI	10.1111/ina.12975
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Article ; Online: Direct-Read Fluorescence-Based Measurements of Bioaerosol Exposure in Home Healthcare.

Nathu, Vishal D / Virkutyte, Jurate / Rao, Marepalli B / Nieto-Caballero, Marina / Hernandez, Mark / Reponen, Tiina

International journal of environmental research and public health

2022 Volume 19, Issue 6

Abstract: Home healthcare workers (HHCWs) are subjected to variable working environments which increase their risk of being exposed to numerous occupational hazards. One of the potential occupational hazards within the industry includes exposure to bioaerosols. ... ...

Abstract	Home healthcare workers (HHCWs) are subjected to variable working environments which increase their risk of being exposed to numerous occupational hazards. One of the potential occupational hazards within the industry includes exposure to bioaerosols. This study aimed to characterize concentrations of three types of bioaerosols utilizing a novel fluorescence-based direct-reading instrument during seven activities that HHCWs typically encounter in patients' homes. Bioaerosols were measured in an indoor residence throughout all seasons in Cincinnati, OH, USA. A fluorescence-based direct-reading instrument (InstaScope, DetectionTek, Boulder, CO, USA) was utilized for all data collection. Total particle counts and concentrations for each particle type, including fluorescent and non-fluorescent particles, were utilized to form the response variable, a normalized concentration calculated as a ratio of concentration during activity to the background concentration. Walking experiments produced a median concentration ratio of 52.45 and 2.77 for pollen and fungi, respectively. Fungi and bacteria produced the highest and lowest median concentration ratios of 17.81 and 1.90 for showering, respectively. Lastly, our current study showed that sleeping activity did not increase bioaerosol concentrations. We further conclude that utilizing direct-reading methods may save time and effort in bioaerosol-exposure assessment.
MeSH term(s)	Aerosols/analysis ; Air Microbiology ; Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis ; Delivery of Health Care ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Fluorescence ; Fungi ; Humans ; Occupational Exposure/analysis
Chemical Substances	Aerosols
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-18
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph19063613
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Article ; Online: Diet during the COVID-19 pandemic: An analysis of Twitter data.

Hernandez, Mark A / Modi, Shagun / Mittal, Kanisha / Dwivedi, Pallavi / Nguyen, Quynh C / Cesare, Nina L / Nsoesie, Elaine O

Patterns (New York, N.Y.)

2022 Volume 3, Issue 8, Page(s) 100547

Abstract: In this study, we measured the association between county characteristics and changes in healthy-food, fast-food, and alcohol tweets during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Our analytic dataset consisted of 1,282,316 geotagged tweets that ... ...

Abstract	In this study, we measured the association between county characteristics and changes in healthy-food, fast-food, and alcohol tweets during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Our analytic dataset consisted of 1,282,316 geotagged tweets that referenced food consumption posted before (63.2%) and during (36.8%) the pandemic and included all US states. We found the share of healthy-food tweets increased by 20.5% during the pandemic compared with pre-pandemic, while fast-food and alcohol tweets decreased by 9.4% and 11.4%, respectively. We also observed that time spent at home and more grocery stores per capita were associated with increased odds of healthy-food tweets and decreased odds of fast-food tweets. More liquor stores per capita was associated with increased odds of alcohol tweets. Our results highlight the potential impact of the pandemic on nutrition and alcohol consumption and the association between the built environment and health behaviors.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2666-3899
ISSN (online)	2666-3899
DOI	10.1016/j.patter.2022.100547
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Article ; Online: Carbohydrate vitrification in aerosolized saliva is associated with the humidity-dependent infectious potential of airborne coronavirus.

Nieto-Caballero, Marina / Davis, Ryan D / Fuques, Eddie / Gomez, Odessa M / Huynh, Erik / Handorean, Alina / Ushijima, Shuichi / Tolbert, Margaret / Hernandez, Mark

PNAS nexus

2022 Volume 2, Issue 2, Page(s) pgac301

Abstract: An accepted murine analogue for the environmental behavior of human SARS coronaviruses was aerosolized in microdroplets of its culture media and saliva to observe the decay of its airborne infectious potential under relative humidity (RH) conditions ... ...

Abstract	An accepted murine analogue for the environmental behavior of human SARS coronaviruses was aerosolized in microdroplets of its culture media and saliva to observe the decay of its airborne infectious potential under relative humidity (RH) conditions relevant to conditioned indoor air. Contained in a dark, 10 m
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2752-6542
ISSN (online)	2752-6542
DOI	10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac301
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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