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  1. Article: Phospholipases A and Lysophospholipases in protozoan parasites.

    Hervé, Perrine / Monic, Sarah / Bringaud, Frédéric / Rivière, Loïc

    Microbial cell (Graz, Austria)

    2023  Volume 10, Issue 10, Page(s) 204–216

    Abstract: Phospholipases (PLs) and Lysophospholipases (LysoPLs) are a diverse group of esterases responsible for phospholipid or lysophospholipid hydrolysis. They are involved in several biological processes, including lipid catabolism, modulation of the immune ... ...

    Abstract Phospholipases (PLs) and Lysophospholipases (LysoPLs) are a diverse group of esterases responsible for phospholipid or lysophospholipid hydrolysis. They are involved in several biological processes, including lipid catabolism, modulation of the immune response and membrane maintenance. PLs are classified depending on their site of hydrolysis as PLA1, PLA2, PLC and PLD. In many pathogenic microorganisms, from bacteria to fungi, PLAs and LysoPLs have been described as critical virulence and/or pathogenicity factors. In protozoan parasites, a group containing major human and animal pathogens, growing literature show that PLAs and LysoPLs are also involved in the host infection. Their ubiquitous presence and role in host-pathogen interactions make them particularly interesting to study. In this review, we summarize the literature on PLAs and LysoPLs in several protozoan parasites of medical relevance, and discuss the growing interest for them as potential drug and vaccine targets.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-02
    Publishing country Austria
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2814756-X
    ISSN 2311-2638
    ISSN 2311-2638
    DOI 10.15698/mic2023.10.805
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Toxoplasma type II effector GRA15 has limited influence in vivo.

    Merritt, Emily F / Kochanowsky, Joshua A / Hervé, Perrine / Watson, Alison A / Koshy, Anita A

    PloS one

    2024  Volume 19, Issue 3, Page(s) e0300764

    Abstract: Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite that establishes a long-term infection in the brain of many warm-blooded hosts, including humans and rodents. Like all obligate intracellular microbes, Toxoplasma uses many effector proteins to manipulate ... ...

    Abstract Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite that establishes a long-term infection in the brain of many warm-blooded hosts, including humans and rodents. Like all obligate intracellular microbes, Toxoplasma uses many effector proteins to manipulate the host cell to ensure parasite survival. While some of these effector proteins are universal to all Toxoplasma strains, some are polymorphic between Toxoplasma strains. One such polymorphic effector is GRA15. The gra15 allele carried by type II strains activates host NF-κB signaling, leading to the release of cytokines such as IL-12, TNF, and IL-1β from immune cells infected with type II parasites. Prior work also suggested that GRA15 promotes early host control of parasites in vivo, but the effect of GRA15 on parasite persistence in the brain and the peripheral immune response has not been well defined. For this reason, we sought to address this gap by generating a new IIΔgra15 strain and comparing outcomes at 3 weeks post infection between WT and IIΔgra15 infected mice. We found that the brain parasite burden and the number of macrophages/microglia and T cells in the brain did not differ between WT and IIΔgra15 infected mice. In addition, while IIΔgra15 infected mice had a lower number and frequency of splenic M1-like macrophages and frequency of PD-1+ CTLA-4+ CD4+ T cells and NK cells compared to WT infected mice, the IFN-γ+ CD4 and CD8 T cell populations were equivalent. In summary, our results suggest that in vivo GRA15 may have a subtle effect on the peripheral immune response, but this effect is not strong enough to alter brain parasite burden or parenchymal immune cell number at 3 weeks post infection.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Animals ; Mice ; Toxoplasma ; Protozoan Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Cytokines/metabolism ; NF-kappa B/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Protozoan Proteins ; Cytokines ; NF-kappa B
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0300764
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 ribonucleoprotein delivery for efficient, rapid and marker-free gene editing in Trypanosoma and Leishmania.

    Asencio, Corinne / Hervé, Perrine / Morand, Pauline / Oliveres, Quentin / Morel, Chloé Alexandra / Prouzet-Mauleon, Valérie / Biran, Marc / Monic, Sarah / Bonhivers, Mélanie / Robinson, Derrick Roy / Ouellette, Marc / Rivière, Loïc / Bringaud, Frédéric / Tetaud, Emmanuel

    Molecular microbiology

    2024  

    Abstract: Kinetoplastids are unicellular eukaryotic flagellated parasites found in a wide range of hosts within the animal and plant kingdoms. They are known to be responsible in humans for African sleeping sickness (Trypanosoma brucei), Chagas disease ( ... ...

    Abstract Kinetoplastids are unicellular eukaryotic flagellated parasites found in a wide range of hosts within the animal and plant kingdoms. They are known to be responsible in humans for African sleeping sickness (Trypanosoma brucei), Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi), and various forms of leishmaniasis (Leishmania spp.), as well as several animal diseases with important economic impact (African trypanosomes, including Trypanosoma congolense). Understanding the biology of these parasites necessarily implies the ability to manipulate their genomes. In this study, we demonstrate that transfection of a ribonucleoprotein complex, composed of recombinant Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) and an in vitro-synthesized guide RNA, results in rapid and efficient genetic modifications of trypanosomatids, in marker-free conditions. This approach was successfully developed to inactivate, delete, and mutate candidate genes in various stages of the life cycle of T. brucei and T. congolense, and Leishmania promastigotes. The functionality of SpCas9 in these parasites now provides, to the research community working on these parasites, a rapid and efficient method of genome editing, without requiring plasmid construction and selection by antibiotics but requires only cloning and PCR screening of the clones. Importantly, this approach is adaptable to any wild-type parasite.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 619315-8
    ISSN 1365-2958 ; 0950-382X
    ISSN (online) 1365-2958
    ISSN 0950-382X
    DOI 10.1111/mmi.15256
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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