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Article ; Online: Arterial Spin-Labeling Perfusion for PHACE Syndrome.

Mamlouk, M D / Vossough, A / Caschera, L / Maheshwari, M / Hess, C P

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology

2020 Volume 42, Issue 1, Page(s) 173–177

Abstract: Background and purpose: Arterial stroke is a rare-but-reported complication in patients with posterior fossa brain malformations, hemangiomas, arterial anomalies, coarctation of the aorta and cardiac defects, and eye abnormalities (PHACE) syndrome. ... ...

Abstract	Background and purpose: Arterial stroke is a rare-but-reported complication in patients with posterior fossa brain malformations, hemangiomas, arterial anomalies, coarctation of the aorta and cardiac defects, and eye abnormalities (PHACE) syndrome. Currently, stroke risk is inferred by the severity of arterial anomalies identified on MRA, though no evidenced-based data exist. The purpose of our study was to determine whether arterial spin-labeling MR imaging perfusion can detect alterations in CBF in patients with PHACE syndrome. Materials and methods: Records were reviewed from 3 institutions for all patients with PHACE syndrome who underwent arterial spin-labeling from 2000 to 2019. CBF was qualitatively investigated with arterial spin-labeling to determine whether there was decreased or normal perfusion. Arterial anomalies were characterized on MRA imaging, and parenchymal brain findings were evaluated on conventional MR imaging sequences. Results: Forty-one patients with PHACE syndrome had arterial spin-labeling imaging. There were 30 females and 11 males (age range, 7 days to 15 years). Of the 41 patients, 10 (24%) had decreased CBF signal corresponding to a major arterial territory. Ten of 10 patients had decreased CBF signal in the anterior circulation, 2/10 had decreased anterior and posterior circulation CBF signal, 2/10 had decreased bilateral anterior circulation CBF signal, and 1/10 had globally decreased CBF signal. Forty of 41 (97.5%) patients had at least 1 arteriopathy, and in those with decreased CBF signal, the arteriopathy corresponded to the CBF signal alteration in 10/10 patients. Conclusions: Arterial spin-labeling can potentially characterize hemodynamic changes in patients with PHACE syndrome.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Aortic Coarctation/diagnostic imaging ; Aortic Coarctation/pathology ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy/methods ; Eye Abnormalities/diagnostic imaging ; Eye Abnormalities/pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Male ; Neurocutaneous Syndromes/diagnostic imaging ; Neurocutaneous Syndromes/pathology ; Perfusion Imaging/methods ; Spin Labels ; Syndrome
Chemical Substances	Spin Labels
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603808-6
ISSN	1936-959X ; 0195-6108
ISSN (online)	1936-959X
ISSN	0195-6108
DOI	10.3174/ajnr.A6871
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Article ; Online: Development of Gestational Age-Based Fetal Brain and Intracranial Volume Reference Norms Using Deep Learning.

Tran, C B N / Nedelec, P / Weiss, D A / Rudie, J D / Kini, L / Sugrue, L P / Glenn, O A / Hess, C P / Rauschecker, A M

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology

2022 Volume 44, Issue 1, Page(s) 82–90

Abstract: Background and purpose: Fetal brain MR imaging interpretations are subjective and require subspecialty expertise. We aimed to develop a deep learning algorithm for automatically measuring intracranial and brain volumes of fetal brain MRIs across ... ...

Abstract	Background and purpose: Fetal brain MR imaging interpretations are subjective and require subspecialty expertise. We aimed to develop a deep learning algorithm for automatically measuring intracranial and brain volumes of fetal brain MRIs across gestational ages. Materials and methods: This retrospective study included 246 patients with singleton pregnancies at 19-38 weeks gestation. A 3D U-Net was trained to segment the intracranial contents of 2D fetal brain MRIs in the axial, coronal, and sagittal planes. An additional 3D U-Net was trained to segment the brain from the output of the first model. Models were tested on MRIs of 10 patients (28 planes) via Dice coefficients and volume comparison with manual reference segmentations. Trained U-Nets were applied to 200 additional MRIs to develop normative reference intracranial and brain volumes across gestational ages and then to 9 pathologic fetal brains. Results: Fetal intracranial and brain compartments were automatically segmented in a mean of 6.8 (SD, 1.2) seconds with median Dices score of 0.95 and 0.90, respectively (interquartile ranges, 0.91-0.96/0.89-0.91) on the test set. Correlation with manual volume measurements was high (Pearson Conclusions: Deep learning techniques can quickly and accurately quantify intracranial and brain volumes on clinical fetal brain MRIs and identify abnormal volumes on the basis of a normative reference standard.
MeSH term(s)	Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; Gestational Age ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Deep Learning ; Brain/diagnostic imaging
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603808-6
ISSN	1936-959X ; 0195-6108
ISSN (online)	1936-959X
ISSN	0195-6108
DOI	10.3174/ajnr.A7747
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Article ; Online: Artificial Intelligence in Neuroradiology: Current Status and Future Directions.

Lui, Y W / Chang, P D / Zaharchuk, G / Barboriak, D P / Flanders, A E / Wintermark, M / Hess, C P / Filippi, C G

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology

2020 Volume 41, Issue 8, Page(s) E52–E59

Abstract: Fueled by new techniques, computational tools, and broader availability of imaging data, artificial intelligence has the potential to transform the practice of neuroradiology. The recent exponential increase in publications related to artificial ... ...

Abstract	Fueled by new techniques, computational tools, and broader availability of imaging data, artificial intelligence has the potential to transform the practice of neuroradiology. The recent exponential increase in publications related to artificial intelligence and the central focus on artificial intelligence at recent professional and scientific radiology meetings underscores the importance. There is growing momentum behind leveraging artificial intelligence techniques to improve workflow and diagnosis and treatment and to enhance the value of quantitative imaging techniques. This article explores the reasons why neuroradiologists should care about the investments in new artificial intelligence applications, highlights current activities and the roles neuroradiologists are playing, and renders a few predictions regarding the near future of artificial intelligence in neuroradiology.
MeSH term(s)	Artificial Intelligence/trends ; Humans ; Neurology/methods ; Neurology/trends ; Radiology/methods ; Radiology/trends
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603808-6
ISSN	1936-959X ; 0195-6108
ISSN (online)	1936-959X
ISSN	0195-6108
DOI	10.3174/ajnr.A6681
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Article ; Online: Structural MRI connectome in development: challenges of the changing brain.

Tymofiyeva, O / Hess, C P / Xu, D / Barkovich, A J

The British journal of radiology

2014 Volume 87, Issue 1039, Page(s) 20140086

Abstract: MRI connectomics is an emerging approach to study the brain as a network of interconnected brain regions. Understanding and mapping the development of the MRI connectome may offer new insights into the development of brain connectivity and plasticity, ... ...

Abstract	MRI connectomics is an emerging approach to study the brain as a network of interconnected brain regions. Understanding and mapping the development of the MRI connectome may offer new insights into the development of brain connectivity and plasticity, ultimately leading to improved understanding of normal development and to more effective diagnosis and treatment of developmental disorders. In this review, we describe the attempts made to date to map the whole-brain structural MRI connectome in the developing brain and pay a special attention to the challenges associated with the rapid changes that the brain is undergoing during maturation. The two main steps in constructing a structural brain network are (i) choosing connectivity measures that will serve as the network "edges" and (ii) finding an appropriate way to divide the brain into regions that will serve as the network "nodes". We will discuss how these two steps are usually performed in developmental studies and the rationale behind different strategies. Changes in local and global network properties that have been described during maturation in neonates and children will be reviewed, along with differences in network topology between typically and atypically developing subjects, for example, owing to pre-mature birth or hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy. Finally, future directions of connectomics will be discussed, addressing important steps necessary to advance the study of the structural MRI connectome in development.
MeSH term(s)	Brain/anatomy & histology ; Brain/embryology ; Brain/growth & development ; Brain/physiology ; Connectome/methods ; Fetal Development/physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Models, Anatomic ; Neuroimaging/methods ; Neuronal Plasticity/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-05-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
ZDB-ID	2982-8
ISSN	1748-880X ; 0007-1285
ISSN (online)	1748-880X
ISSN	0007-1285
DOI	10.1259/bjr.20140086
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Article ; Online: Revisiting classic MRI findings of venous malformations: Changes in protocols may lead to potential misdiagnosis.

Alexander, M D / Hughes, N / Cooke, D L / Hess, C P / Frieden, I J / Phelps, A S / Dowd, C F

The neuroradiology journal

2018 Volume 31, Issue 5, Page(s) 509–512

Abstract: Introduction Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is most sensitive and specific for characterizing venous malformations (VMs). VMs typically demonstrate central enhancement on delayed-contrast imaging. Fluid-fluid levels (FFLs) are uncommon in VMs and ... ...

Abstract	Introduction Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is most sensitive and specific for characterizing venous malformations (VMs). VMs typically demonstrate central enhancement on delayed-contrast imaging. Fluid-fluid levels (FFLs) are uncommon in VMs and common in lymphatic malformations (LMs). Technology has advanced since the initial description of these findings. Rates of detection of these MRI findings in VMs may have changed as MRI technology and techniques have evolved. Methods and methods A prospectively maintained database from a multidisciplinary vascular anomalies clinic was reviewed to identify patients with final diagnosis of VM or LM. Patients with reviewable contrast-enhanced MRIs were selected, reviewing the oldest MRI studies in the database against the newest MRI studies to identify equal numbers of patients from the temporal extremes. Imaging was reviewed to assess for presence of FFLs. Enhancement was quantified by measuring signal in the same location of the lesion both on pre- and postcontrast sequences Results Forty patients were identified for analysis. Twenty studies with sufficient archived imaging for review were performed between 1995 and 2006; 20 such studies were performed between 2011 and 2012. The new imaging cohort had higher rates of FFL visualization ( p = 0.001). Correlation was found between time to imaging following contrast and degree of enhancement ( p < 0.001). Inverse correlation was found between scan date and time to contrast ( p = 0.001) and scan date and enhancement ( p = 0.021). Conclusion FFLs should no longer be considered exclusionary for the diagnosis of VMs. Timing following contrast administration should be maximized to increase degree of enhancement to confirm the diagnosis of VMs.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Child ; Clinical Protocols ; Contrast Media ; Diagnostic Errors/prevention & control ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Vascular Malformations/diagnostic imaging ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Contrast Media
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-08-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Observational Study
ZDB-ID	2257770-1
ISSN	2385-1996 ; 1971-4009 ; 1120-9976
ISSN (online)	2385-1996
ISSN	1971-4009 ; 1120-9976
DOI	10.1177/1971400918791787
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Article ; Online: Predictive Value of Noncontrast Head CT with Negative Findings in the Emergency Department Setting.

Callen, A L / Chow, D S / Chen, Y A / Richelle, H R / Pao, J / Bardis, M / Weinberg, B D / Hess, C P / Sugrue, L P

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology

2020 Volume 41, Issue 2, Page(s) 213–218

Abstract: Background and purpose: Noncontrast head CTs are routinely acquired for patients with neurologic symptoms in the emergency department setting. Anecdotally, noncontrast head CTs performed in patients with prior negative findings with the same clinical ... ...

Abstract	Background and purpose: Noncontrast head CTs are routinely acquired for patients with neurologic symptoms in the emergency department setting. Anecdotally, noncontrast head CTs performed in patients with prior negative findings with the same clinical indication are of low diagnostic yield. We hypothesized that the rate of acute findings in noncontrast head CTs performed in patients with a preceding study with negative findings would be lower compared with patients being imaged for the first time. Materials and methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients in the emergency department setting who underwent noncontrast head CTs at our institution during a 4-year period, recording whether the patient had undergone a prior noncontrast head CT, the clinical indication for the examination, and the examination outcome. Positive findings on examinations were defined as those that showed any intracranial abnormality that would necessitate a change in acute management, such as acute hemorrhage, hydrocephalus, herniation, or interval worsening of a prior finding. Results: During the study period, 8160 patients in the emergency department setting underwent a total of 9593 noncontrast head CTs; 88.2% (7198/8160) had a single examination, and 11.8% (962/8160) had at least 1 repeat examination. The baseline positive rate of the "nonrepeat" group was 4.3% (308/7198). The 911 patients in the "repeat" group with negative findings on a baseline/first CT had a total of 1359 repeat noncontrast head CTs during the study period. The rate of positive findings for these repeat examinations was 1.8% (25/1359), significantly lower than the 4.3% baseline rate ( Conclusions: In a retrospective observational study based on approximately 10,000 examinations, we found that serial noncontrast head CT examinations in patients with prior negative findings with the same study indication are less likely to have positive findings compared with first-time examinations or examinations with a new indication. This finding suggests a negative predictive value of a prior noncontrast head CT examination with negative findings with the same clinical indication.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female ; Head/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Observational Study
ZDB-ID	603808-6
ISSN	1936-959X ; 0195-6108
ISSN (online)	1936-959X
ISSN	0195-6108
DOI	10.3174/ajnr.A6408
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Article ; Online: An expanded role for neuroimaging in the evaluation of memory impairment.

Desikan, R S / Rafii, M S / Brewer, J B / Hess, C P

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology

2013 Volume 34, Issue 11, Page(s) 2075–2082

Abstract: Summary: Alzheimer disease affects millions of people worldwide. The neuropathologic process underlying this disease begins years, if not decades, before the onset of memory decline. Recent advances in neuroimaging suggest that it is now possible to ... ...

Abstract	Summary: Alzheimer disease affects millions of people worldwide. The neuropathologic process underlying this disease begins years, if not decades, before the onset of memory decline. Recent advances in neuroimaging suggest that it is now possible to detect Alzheimer-associated neuropathologic changes well before dementia onset. Here, we evaluate the role of recently developed in vivo biomarkers in the clinical evaluation of Alzheimer disease. We discuss how assessment strategies might incorporate neuroimaging markers to better inform patients, families, and clinicians when memory impairment prompts a search for diagnosis and management options.
MeSH term(s)	Alzheimer Disease/complications ; Alzheimer Disease/pathology ; Brain/pathology ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Humans ; Image Enhancement/methods ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Memory Disorders/etiology ; Memory Disorders/pathology ; Molecular Imaging/methods ; Neuroimaging/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-06-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	603808-6
ISSN	1936-959X ; 0195-6108
ISSN (online)	1936-959X
ISSN	0195-6108
DOI	10.3174/ajnr.A3644
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Article ; Online: Survey of the American Society of Neuroradiology Membership on the Use and Value of Extracranial Carotid Vessel Wall MRI.

Mossa-Basha, M / Yuan, C / Wasserman, B A / Mikulis, D J / Hatsukami, T S / Balu, N / Gupta, A / Zhu, C / Saba, L / Li, D / DeMarco, J K / Lehman, V T / Qiao, Y / Jager, H R / Wintermark, M / Brinjikji, W / Hess, C P / Saloner, D A

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology

2022 Volume 43, Issue 12, Page(s) 1756–1761

Abstract: Background and purpose: Extracranial vessel wall MRI (EC-VWI) contributes to vasculopathy characterization. This survey study investigated EC-VWI adoption by American Society of Neuroradiology (ASNR) members and indications and barriers to ... ...

Abstract	Background and purpose: Extracranial vessel wall MRI (EC-VWI) contributes to vasculopathy characterization. This survey study investigated EC-VWI adoption by American Society of Neuroradiology (ASNR) members and indications and barriers to implementation. Materials and methods: The ASNR Vessel Wall Imaging Study Group survey on EC-VWI use, frequency, applications, MR imaging systems and field strength used, protocol development approaches, vendor engagement, reasons for not using EC-VWI, ordering provider interest, and impact on clinical care was distributed to the ASNR membership between April 2, 2019, to August 30, 2019. Results: There were 532 responses; 79 were excluded due to minimal, incomplete response and 42 due to redundant institutional responses, leaving 411 responses. Twenty-six percent indicated that their institution performed EC-VWI, with 66.3% performing it ≤1-2 times per month, most frequently on 3T MR imaging, with most using combined 3D and 2D protocols. Protocols most commonly included pre- and postcontrast T1-weighted imaging, TOF-MRA, and contrast-enhanced MRA. Inflammatory vasculopathy (63.3%), plaque vulnerability assessments (61.1%), intraplaque hemorrhage (61.1%), and dissection-detection/characterization (51.1%) were the most frequent applications. For those not performing EC-VWI, the reasons were a lack of ordering provider interest (63.9%), lack of radiologist time/interest (47.5%) or technical support (41.4%) for protocol development, and limited interpretation experience (44.9%) and knowledge of clinical applications (43.7%). Reasons given by 46.9% were that no providers approached radiology with interest in EC-VWI. If barriers were overcome, 51.1% of those not performing EC-VWI indicated they would perform it, and 40.6% were unsure; 48.6% did not think that EC-VWI had impacted patient management at their institution. Conclusions: Only 26% of neuroradiology groups performed EC-VWI, most commonly due to limited clinician interest. Improved provider and radiologist education, protocols, processing techniques, technical support, and validation trials could increase adoption.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography/methods ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Carotid Arteries/diagnostic imaging ; Vascular Diseases
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603808-6
ISSN	1936-959X ; 0195-6108
ISSN (online)	1936-959X
ISSN	0195-6108
DOI	10.3174/ajnr.A7720
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Article ; Online: Long-Term Effectiveness of Direct CT-Guided Aspiration and Fenestration of Symptomatic Lumbar Facet Synovial Cysts.

Shah, V N / von Fischer, N D / Chin, C T / Yuh, E L / Amans, M R / Dillon, W P / Hess, C P

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology

2017 Volume 39, Issue 1, Page(s) 193–198

Abstract: Background and purpose: Lumbar facet synovial cysts are commonly seen in facet degenerative arthropathy and may be symptomatic when narrowing the spinal canal or compressing nerve roots. The purpose of this study was to analyze the safety, effectiveness, ...

Abstract	Background and purpose: Lumbar facet synovial cysts are commonly seen in facet degenerative arthropathy and may be symptomatic when narrowing the spinal canal or compressing nerve roots. The purpose of this study was to analyze the safety, effectiveness, and long-term outcomes of direct CT-guided lumbar facet synovial cyst aspiration and fenestration for symptom relief and for obviating an operation. Materials and methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and imaging studies of 64 consecutive patients between 2006 and 2016 who underwent 85 CT-guided lumbar facet synovial cyst fenestration procedures in our department. We recorded patient demographics, lumbar facet synovial cyst imaging characteristics, presenting symptoms, change in symptoms after the procedure, and whether they underwent a subsequent operation. We also assessed long-term outcomes from the medical records and via follow-up telephone surveys with patients. Results: Direct CT-guided lumbar facet synovial cyst puncture was technically successful in 98% of procedures. At first postprocedural follow-up, 86% of patients had a complete or partial symptomatic response. During a mean follow-up of 49 months, 56% of patients had partial or complete long-term relief without the need for an operation; 44% of patients underwent an operation. Patients with calcified, thick-rimmed, or low T2 signal intensity cysts were less likely to respond to the procedure and more likely to need an operation. Conclusions: CT-guided direct lumbar facet synovial cyst aspiration and fenestration procedures are safe, effective, and minimally invasive for symptomatic treatment of lumbar synovial facet cysts. This procedure obviates an operation in a substantial number of patients, even at long-term follow-up, and should be considered before surgical intervention.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging ; Lumbar Vertebrae/surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiculopathy/diagnostic imaging ; Radiculopathy/etiology ; Radiculopathy/surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Suction ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Synovial Cyst/complications ; Synovial Cyst/diagnostic imaging ; Synovial Cyst/surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-11-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603808-6
ISSN	1936-959X ; 0195-6108
ISSN (online)	1936-959X
ISSN	0195-6108
DOI	10.3174/ajnr.A5428
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Article ; Online: Changes in the thalamus in atypical parkinsonism detected using shape analysis and diffusion tensor imaging.

Hess, C P / Christine, C W / Apple, A C / Dillon, W P / Aminoff, M J

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology

2013 Volume 35, Issue 5, Page(s) 897–903

Abstract: Background and purpose: The thalamus is interconnected with the nigrostriatal system and cerebral cortex and has a major role in cognitive function and sensorimotor integration. The purpose of this study was to determine how regional involvement of the ... ...

Abstract	Background and purpose: The thalamus is interconnected with the nigrostriatal system and cerebral cortex and has a major role in cognitive function and sensorimotor integration. The purpose of this study was to determine how regional involvement of the thalamus differs among Parkinson disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, and corticobasal syndrome. Materials and methods: Nine patients with Parkinson disease, 5 with progressive supranuclear palsy, and 6 with corticobasal syndrome underwent 3T MR imaging along with 12 matched, asymptomatic volunteers by using a protocol that included volumetric T1 and diffusion tensor imaging. Acquired data were automatically processed to delineate the margins of the motor and nonmotor thalamic nuclear groups, and measurements of ADC were calculated from the DTI data within these regions. Thalamic volume, shape, and ADC were compared across groups. Results: Thalamic volume was smaller in the progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal syndrome groups compared with the Parkinson disease and control groups. Shape analysis revealed that this was mainly due to the diminished size of the lateral thalamus. Overall, ADC measurements were higher in the progressive supranuclear palsy group compared with both the Parkinson disease and control groups, and anatomic subgroup analysis demonstrated that these changes were greater within the motor regions of the thalamus in progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration. Conclusions: Reduced size and increased ADC disproportionately involve the lateral thalamus in progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal syndrome, consistent with selective neurodegeneration and atrophy in this region. Because these findings were not observed in Parkinson disease, they may be more specific markers of tau-related neurodegeneration.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Algorithms ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Image Enhancement/methods ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parkinson Disease/pathology ; Pattern Recognition, Automated/methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive/pathology ; Tauopathies/pathology ; Thalamus/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-12-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	603808-6
ISSN	1936-959X ; 0195-6108
ISSN (online)	1936-959X
ISSN	0195-6108
DOI	10.3174/ajnr.A3832
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In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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More links

Kategorien

In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

Order via subito