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  1. Article: Median arcuate ligament syndrome in an old male: a case report with 3-year follow-up.

    Hannouneh, Zein Alabdin / Alahdab, Gieth / Hijazi, Amjad / Harfoush, Ghaith / Alsayed, Chaza / Kanaan, Samir / Jamouz, Rafah

    Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)

    2023  Volume 85, Issue 10, Page(s) 5145–5148

    Abstract: Introduction and importance: Median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS) or Dunbar syndrome is a rare compression syndrome that poses a challenge to many clinicians due to its ambiguous symptoms. It is predominantly common in females in their 30s to 50s.: ...

    Abstract Introduction and importance: Median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS) or Dunbar syndrome is a rare compression syndrome that poses a challenge to many clinicians due to its ambiguous symptoms. It is predominantly common in females in their 30s to 50s.
    Case presentation: A 74-year-old male presented with generalized chronic postprandial abdominal pain, anorexia, and weight loss of 6 kg for the past 2 months. Physical examination, abdominal ultrasound, endoscopy, and colonoscopy were all unremarkable. His laboratory workup and tumor marker tests were within normal ranges. Finally, a multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT), an advanced computed tomography with multiple detectors resulting in faster and higher resolution imaging, outlined external compression on the celiac artery (CA) by the median arcuate ligament (MAL). The release of the CA from the MAL was done laparoscopically. Symptoms improved significantly postoperatively. During the follow-up period of 3 years, the patient did not regain his lost weight but had no other complaints.
    Clinical discussion: Due to its vague manifestations, MALS is diagnosed only after extensive evaluation and exclusion. This challenging diagnosis outlines the need for refined diagnostic guidelines. An MSCT plays a crucial role in confirming the diagnosis. Currently, more physicians prefer laparoscopic release of the MAL compared to an open approach.
    Conclusion: Despite MALS predominance in females, the diagnosis of MALS should be considered in males with postprandial abdominal pain and unexplained weight loss. An MSCT, along with other imaging modalities, can provide a comprehensive view of celiac compression. Laparoscopic decompression of the CA is an ideal treatment option.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2745440-X
    ISSN 2049-0801
    ISSN 2049-0801
    DOI 10.1097/MS9.0000000000001152
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Novel immunotherapeutic options for BCG-unresponsive high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

    Hannouneh, Zein Alabdin / Hijazi, Amjad / Alsaleem, Alaa Aldeen / Hami, Siwan / Kheyrbek, Nina / Tanous, Fadi / Khaddour, Karam / Abbas, Abdulfattah / Alshehabi, Zuheir

    Cancer medicine

    2023  Volume 12, Issue 24, Page(s) 21944–21968

    Abstract: Background: High-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (HR-NMIBC) presents a challenge to many physicians due to its ability to resist Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) intravesical therapy and the substantial rate of progression into muscle-invasive ... ...

    Abstract Background: High-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (HR-NMIBC) presents a challenge to many physicians due to its ability to resist Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) intravesical therapy and the substantial rate of progression into muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Patients who are BCG-unresponsive have worse prognosis and thus require further management including radical cystectomy (RC), which significantly impacts quality of life. Moreover, the ongoing worldwide shortage of BCG warrants the need for policies that prioritize drug use and utilize alternative treatment strategies. Hence, there is a significant unmet need for bladder preserving therapy in this subset of patients.
    Methods: To address this issue, we searched the relevant literature in PUBMED for articles published from 2019 through May of 2023 using appropriate keywords. All clinical trials of patients with HR-NMIBC treated with immune-related agents were retrieved from clinicaltrials.gov.
    Findings and future perspectives: Exploratory treatments for BCG-Unresponsive HR-NMIBC included immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), oncolytic viral therapy, cytokine agonists, and other immunomodulators targeting TLR, EpCaM, FGFR, MetAP2, and IDO1. Some combination therapies have been found to work synergistically and are preferred therapeutically over monotherapy. Three drugs-pembrolizumab, valrubicin, and most recently, nadofaragene firadenovec-vncg-have been FDA approved for the treatment of BCG-unresponsive NMIBC in patients who are ineligible for or decline RC. However, all explored treatment options tend to postpone RC rather than provide long-term disease control. Additional combination strategies need to be studied to enhance the effects of immunotherapy. Despite the challenges faced in finding effective therapies, many potential treatments are currently under investigation. Addressing the landscape of biomarkers, mechanisms of progression, BCG resistance, and trial design challenges in HR-NMIBC is essential for the discovery of new targets and the development of effective treatments.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; BCG Vaccine/therapeutic use ; Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Neoplasms ; Quality of Life ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Immunotherapy ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
    Chemical Substances BCG Vaccine
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2659751-2
    ISSN 2045-7634 ; 2045-7634
    ISSN (online) 2045-7634
    ISSN 2045-7634
    DOI 10.1002/cam4.6768
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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