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Article ; Online: A prickly matter: nomenclatural synopsis of Onosma L. and its segregates (Boraginaceae)

Cecchi, Lorenzo / Hilger, Hartmut H.

Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology. 2022 Sept. 3, v. 156, no. 5 p.1076-1084

2022

Abstract: A complete nomenclatural synopsis is provided for Onosma (Boraginaceae) and the allied genera Maharanga and Podonosma, covering each name of new taxa, each new combination and each replacement name communicated since 1753 till October 2021. All the 749 ... ...

Abstract	A complete nomenclatural synopsis is provided for Onosma (Boraginaceae) and the allied genera Maharanga and Podonosma, covering each name of new taxa, each new combination and each replacement name communicated since 1753 till October 2021. All the 749 validly published names are listed together with an account of the formal reasons why 136 additional names must be regarded as invalid. Type species are indicated or newly designated for all the infrageneric names. Information is assembled on the types of the 466 names of specific and infraspecific taxa retrieved from a comprehensive survey of the scientific literature and from public databases, with 126 names (27%) lectotypified here. Finally, 42 new combinations are proposed to solve as yet unresolved nomenclatural issues.
Keywords	Onosma ; new combination ; plant biology ; surveys ; Maharanga ; nomenclature ; Podonosma ; typification
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0903
Size	p. 1076-1084.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2146652-X
ISSN	1724-5575 ; 1126-3504
ISSN (online)	1724-5575
ISSN	1126-3504
DOI	10.1080/11263504.2021.1998241
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Highly different flavonol content explains geographic variations in the UV reflecting properties of flowers of the corn poppy, Papaver rhoeas (Papaveraceae)

Dudek, Bettina / Schneider, Bernd / Hilger, Hartmut H / Stavenga, Doekele G / Martínez-Harms, Jaime

Phytochemistry. 2020 Oct., v. 178

2020

Abstract: Papaver rhoeas, the corn poppy, is a very common weed in cereal fields all over the world. Its flowers generally display a bright red coloration, but their reflectance in the ultraviolet (UV) wavelength range varies geographically. Whereas the UV ... ...

Abstract	Papaver rhoeas, the corn poppy, is a very common weed in cereal fields all over the world. Its flowers generally display a bright red coloration, but their reflectance in the ultraviolet (UV) wavelength range varies geographically. Whereas the UV reflectance of East Mediterranean flowers is minor, that of Central European ones is substantial. By comparing the pigmentation of the differently reflecting flowers, we found that only East Mediterranean flower petals contain high amounts of UV absorbing flavonol glycosides. The most abundant compounds were isolated by solid phase extraction and preparative HPLC, and their structures were elucidated by NMR and HRESI-MS, yielding seven kaempferol and quercetin glycosides, mostly unknown in P. rhoeas petals. Additionally, reflectance and transmittance measurements revealed that wavelength-selective scattering effects do not contribute to the flower color differences observed within this species. Possible abiotic and biotic factors influencing the UV reflecting properties of East Mediterranean and Central European poppies are discussed.
Keywords	Papaver rhoeas ; biotic factors ; color ; corolla ; fields ; flower color ; glycosides ; kaempferol ; pigmentation ; poppies ; quercetin ; reflectance ; solid phase extraction ; transmittance ; wavelengths ; weeds
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-10
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-light
ZDB-ID	208884-8
ISSN	1873-3700 ; 0031-9422
ISSN (online)	1873-3700
ISSN	0031-9422
DOI	10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112457
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Geraniales flowers revisited: evolutionary trends in floral nectaries

Jeiter, Julius / Weigend, Maximilian / Hilger, Hartmut H

Annals of botany. 2017 Feb. 01, v. 119, no. 3

2017

Abstract: Background and Aims The detailed relationships in Geraniales in their current circumscription have only recently been clarified. The disparate floral morphologies and especially the nectaries of the corresponding group have consequently not previously ... ...

Abstract	Background and Aims The detailed relationships in Geraniales in their current circumscription have only recently been clarified. The disparate floral morphologies and especially the nectaries of the corresponding group have consequently not previously been studied in a phylogenetic context. Methods The present study investigates floral and especially nectary morphology and structure for representatives of 12 of the 13 currently accepted genera in the five families of the Geraniales. Flowers were studied using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Key Results The data demonstrate the derivation of even the most disparate floral morphologies from a basic pentamerous and pentacyclic organization, with an obdiplostemonous androecium and receptacular nectaries associated with the antesepalous stamens. Divergent morphologies are explained by modifications of merosity (tetramerous flowers), symmetry (several transitions to zygomorphic flowers) and elaboration of the nectaries into variously shaped outgrowths and appendages, especially in Francoaceae. The divergent development of nectar glands ultimately leads to either a reduction in their number (to one in some Geraniaceae and Melianthaceae) or their total loss (some Vivianiaceae). Conclusions Floral morphology of the Geraniales shows a high degree of similarity, despite the variation in overall floral appearance and nectary morphology. A hypothesis on the transformation of the nectaries within the Geraniales is presented.
Keywords	Francoaceae ; Geraniaceae ; appendages ; light microscopy ; nectar ; nectaries ; phylogeny ; scanning electron microscopy ; stamens
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-0201
Size	p. 395-408.
Publishing place	Oxford University Press
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1461328-1
ISSN	1095-8290 ; 0305-7364
ISSN (online)	1095-8290
ISSN	0305-7364
DOI	10.1093/aob/mcw230
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Article ; Online: Geraniales flowers revisited: evolutionary trends in floral nectaries.

Jeiter, Julius / Weigend, Maximilian / Hilger, Hartmut H

Annals of botany

2017 Volume 119, Issue 3, Page(s) 395–408

Abstract: Background and aims: The detailed relationships in Geraniales in their current circumscription have only recently been clarified. The disparate floral morphologies and especially the nectaries of the corresponding group have consequently not previously ... ...

Abstract	Background and aims: The detailed relationships in Geraniales in their current circumscription have only recently been clarified. The disparate floral morphologies and especially the nectaries of the corresponding group have consequently not previously been studied in a phylogenetic context. Methods: The present study investigates floral and especially nectary morphology and structure for representatives of 12 of the 13 currently accepted genera in the five families of the Geraniales. Flowers were studied using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Key results: The data demonstrate the derivation of even the most disparate floral morphologies from a basic pentamerous and pentacyclic organization, with an obdiplostemonous androecium and receptacular nectaries associated with the antesepalous stamens. Divergent morphologies are explained by modifications of merosity (tetramerous flowers), symmetry (several transitions to zygomorphic flowers) and elaboration of the nectaries into variously shaped outgrowths and appendages, especially in Francoaceae. The divergent development of nectar glands ultimately leads to either a reduction in their number (to one in some Geraniaceae and Melianthaceae) or their total loss (some Vivianiaceae). Conclusions: Floral morphology of the Geraniales shows a high degree of similarity, despite the variation in overall floral appearance and nectary morphology. A hypothesis on the transformation of the nectaries within the Geraniales is presented.
MeSH term(s)	Flowers/anatomy & histology ; Flowers/ultrastructure ; Geraniaceae/anatomy & histology ; Geraniaceae/genetics ; Geraniaceae/ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Plant Nectar/genetics
Chemical Substances	Plant Nectar
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1461328-1
ISSN	1095-8290 ; 0305-7364 ; 0003-4754
ISSN (online)	1095-8290
ISSN	0305-7364 ; 0003-4754
DOI	10.1093/aob/mcw230
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Highly different flavonol content explains geographic variations in the UV reflecting properties of flowers of the corn poppy, Papaver rhoeas (Papaveraceae).

Dudek, Bettina / Schneider, Bernd / Hilger, Hartmut H / Stavenga, Doekele G / Martínez-Harms, Jaime

Phytochemistry

2020 Volume 178, Page(s) 112457

Abstract	Papaver rhoeas, the corn poppy, is a very common weed in cereal fields all over the world. Its flowers generally display a bright red coloration, but their reflectance in the ultraviolet (UV) wavelength range varies geographically. Whereas the UV reflectance of East Mediterranean flowers is minor, that of Central European ones is substantial. By comparing the pigmentation of the differently reflecting flowers, we found that only East Mediterranean flower petals contain high amounts of UV absorbing flavonol glycosides. The most abundant compounds were isolated by solid phase extraction and preparative HPLC, and their structures were elucidated by NMR and HRESI-MS, yielding seven kaempferol and quercetin glycosides, mostly unknown in P. rhoeas petals. Additionally, reflectance and transmittance measurements revealed that wavelength-selective scattering effects do not contribute to the flower color differences observed within this species. Possible abiotic and biotic factors influencing the UV reflecting properties of East Mediterranean and Central European poppies are discussed.
MeSH term(s)	Flavonols ; Flowers ; Papaver ; Papaveraceae ; Zea mays
Chemical Substances	Flavonols
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208884-8
ISSN	1873-3700 ; 0031-9422
ISSN (online)	1873-3700
ISSN	0031-9422
DOI	10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112457
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The relationship between nectaries and floral architecture: a case study in Geraniaceae and Hypseocharitaceae.

Jeiter, Julius / Hilger, Hartmut H / Smets, Erik F / Weigend, Maximilian

Annals of botany

2017 Volume 120, Issue 5, Page(s) 791–803

Abstract: Background and aims: Flowers of Geraniaceae and Hypseocharitaceae are generally considered as morphologically simple. However, previous studies indicated complex diversity in floral architecture including tendencies towards synorganization. Most of the ... ...

Abstract	Background and aims: Flowers of Geraniaceae and Hypseocharitaceae are generally considered as morphologically simple. However, previous studies indicated complex diversity in floral architecture including tendencies towards synorganization. Most of the species have nectar-rewarding flowers which makes the nectaries a key component of floral organization and architecture. Here, the development of the floral nectaries is studied and placed into the context of floral architecture. Methods: Seven species from Geraniaceae and one from Hypseocharitaceae were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. Samples were prepared and processed using standard protocols. Key results: The development of the nectary glands follows the same trajectory in all species studied. Minor differences occur in the onset of nectarostomata development. The most striking finding is the discovery that a short anthophore develops via intercalary growth at the level of the nectary glands. This anthophore lifts up the entire flower apart from the nectary gland itself and thus plays an important role in floral architecture, especially in the flowers of Pelargonium. Here, the zygomorphic flowers show a particularly extensive receptacular growth, resulting in the formation of a spur-like receptacular cavity ('inner spur'). The nectary gland is hidden at the base of the cavity. Various forms of compartmentalization, culminating in the 'revolver flower' of Geranium maderense, are described. Conclusions: Despite the superficial similarity of the flowers in Geraniaceae and Hypseocharitaceae, there is broad diversity in floral organization and floral architecture. While the receptacular origin of the spur-like cavity in Pelargonium had already been described, anthophore formation via intercalary growth of the receptacle in the other genera had not been previously documented. In the context of the most recent phylogenies of the families, an evolutionary series for the floral architecture is proposed, underscoring the importance of synorganization in these seemingly simple flowers.
MeSH term(s)	Biological Evolution ; Flowers/anatomy & histology ; Flowers/ultrastructure ; Geraniaceae/anatomy & histology ; Geraniaceae/classification ; Geraniaceae/ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Phylogeny ; Plant Nectar/secretion
Chemical Substances	Plant Nectar
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-09-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1461328-1
ISSN	1095-8290 ; 0305-7364 ; 0003-4754
ISSN (online)	1095-8290
ISSN	0305-7364 ; 0003-4754
DOI	10.1093/aob/mcx101
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Taxa and names in Cynoglossum sensu lato (Boraginaceae, Cynoglosseae): an annotated, synonymic inventory, with links to the protologues and mention of original material.

Hilger, Hartmut H / Greuter, Werner / Stier, Victoria

Biodiversity data journal

2015 , Issue 3, Page(s) e4831

Abstract: Background: An inventory is presented of all names so far validly published in Cynoglossum sensu lato and its segregate genera: Adelocaryum, Afrotysonia, Kuschakewiczia, Lindelofia, Mattiastrum, Paracaryum, Rindera, Solenanthus, Trachelanthus, and their ...

Abstract	Background: An inventory is presented of all names so far validly published in Cynoglossum sensu lato and its segregate genera: Adelocaryum, Afrotysonia, Kuschakewiczia, Lindelofia, Mattiastrum, Paracaryum, Rindera, Solenanthus, Trachelanthus, and their synonyms. Names and designations that were not validly published in the cited place, and later isonyms, are accounted for when they have been included in the International Plant Name Index (IPNI). Problems with IPNI entries, including errors and omissions, are discussed, and the hope is expressed that the present inventory may be of use for fixing them. New information: The inventory, generated from a list of structured data, is presented in two Supplements, as a searchable HTML document comprising a sequence of entries with internal cross-links and links to external sources, in particular to protologues accessible online or, copyright restrictions permitting, made available as scanned documents via DOIs, and as machine-readible file. With minor exceptions, all names have been verified in their original place of publication, and all were nomenclaturally assessed. Colour coding is used to distinguish between names (in green) pertaining to Cynoglossum sensu lato, for which complete synonymies are provided; and names (in orange) pertaining to other genera but published under Cynoglossum or its segregates. They are listed together with their basionym and the corresponding correct name (if it exists), but without complete synonymy. Acceptable, potentially correct names appear in bold-face type, both under a broadly defined Cynoglossum (for which purpose validation of 81 new combinations and the name of 1 new species was necessary) and under one or more of its segregates. When a name was published for a new taxon, original material is indicated, usually by direct quotation from the protologue. New type designations are exceptional (two cases), whereas former type designations are cited whenever known. Furthermore, types and original specimens, especially when their digital images are available online, are mentioned with their locations and accession numbers. Comments are added whenever appropriate, especially to explain nomenclatural assessments that are not self-evident.
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-04-22
Publishing country	Bulgaria
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2736709-5
ISSN	1314-2828
ISSN	1314-2828
DOI	10.3897/BDJ.3.e4831
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Article: Generative ontogeny in Tiquilia (Ehretiaceae: Boraginales) and phylogenetic implications

Gottschling, Marc / Nagelmüller, Sebastian / Hilger, Hartmut H

Biological journal of the Linnean Society. 2014 July, v. 112, no. 3

2014

Abstract: Tiquilia is very different from the other members of the Ehretiaceae (Boraginales) in many aspects of morphology and ecology. Because detailed knowledge about flower and fruit traits is necessary to reliably infer character evolution of and within ... ...

Abstract	Tiquilia is very different from the other members of the Ehretiaceae (Boraginales) in many aspects of morphology and ecology. Because detailed knowledge about flower and fruit traits is necessary to reliably infer character evolution of and within Tiquilia, we investigated flower to fruit ontogeny in eight species of Tiquilia using light and electron microscopy. Tiquilia accumulated a number of autapomorphies such as the prostrate growth form, the lack of lateral and ventral bundles in the gynoecium, and the formation of nutlet‐like mericarpids as dispersal units instead of more or less succulent drupes. The internal architecture of the superior bicarpellate ovary resulted from the development of several secondary septa including apical, basal and false septa, as it has been reported also from other Boraginales. However, no character found in Tiquilia can be regarded as synapomorphic with any other taxon of the Ehretiaceae. © 2014 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, 112, 520–534.
Keywords	Boraginaceae ; electron microscopy ; flowers ; gynoecium ; ontogeny ; phylogeny ; stone fruits
Language	English
Dates of publication	2014-07
Size	p. 520-534.
Publishing place	Published for the Linnean Society of London by Academic Press
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1461865-5
ISSN	1095-8312 ; 0024-4066
ISSN (online)	1095-8312
ISSN	0024-4066
DOI	10.1111/bij.12266
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: The relationship between nectaries and floral architecture: a case study in Geraniaceae and Hypseocharitaceae

Jeiter, Julius / Hilger, Hartmut H / Smets, Erik F / Weigend, Maximilian

Annals of botany. 2017 Nov. 10, v. 120, no. 5

2017

Abstract: Flowers of Geraniaceae and Hypseocharitaceae are generally considered as morphologically simple. However, previous studies indicated complex diversity in floral architecture including tendencies towards synorganization. Most of the species have nectar- ... ...

Abstract	Flowers of Geraniaceae and Hypseocharitaceae are generally considered as morphologically simple. However, previous studies indicated complex diversity in floral architecture including tendencies towards synorganization. Most of the species have nectar-rewarding flowers which makes the nectaries a key component of floral organization and architecture. Here, the development of the floral nectaries is studied and placed into the context of floral architecture. Seven species from Geraniaceae and one from Hypseocharitaceae were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. Samples were prepared and processed using standard protocols. The development of the nectary glands follows the same trajectory in all species studied. Minor differences occur in the onset of nectarostomata development. The most striking finding is the discovery that a short anthophore develops via intercalary growth at the level of the nectary glands. This anthophore lifts up the entire flower apart from the nectary gland itself and thus plays an important role in floral architecture, especially in the flowers of Pelargonium. Here, the zygomorphic flowers show a particularly extensive receptacular growth, resulting in the formation of a spur-like receptacular cavity (‘inner spur’). The nectary gland is hidden at the base of the cavity. Various forms of compartmentalization, culminating in the ‘revolver flower’ of Geranium maderense, are described. Despite the superficial similarity of the flowers in Geraniaceae and Hypseocharitaceae, there is broad diversity in floral organization and floral architecture. While the receptacular origin of the spur-like cavity in Pelargonium had already been described, anthophore formation via intercalary growth of the receptacle in the other genera had not been previously documented. In the context of the most recent phylogenies of the families, an evolutionary series for the floral architecture is proposed, underscoring the importance of synorganization in these seemingly simple flowers.
Keywords	Pelargonium ; case studies ; light microscopy ; nectaries ; phylogeny ; scanning electron microscopy
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-1110
Size	p. 791-803.
Publishing place	Oxford University Press
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1461328-1
ISSN	1095-8290 ; 0305-7364
ISSN (online)	1095-8290
ISSN	0305-7364
DOI	10.1093/aob/mcx101
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: J.G.C. Lehmann's 'Botanical Observations' of 1818 on Coldenia, Colsmannia, Cynoglossum, and Omphalodes (commented translation).

Hilger, Hartmut H / Cole, Theodor C H / Selvi, Federico

Biodiversity data journal

2014 , Issue 2, Page(s) e1064

Abstract: An annotated English translation of a German early 19th century text including Latin diagnoses is presented with a high-quality scan of the original publication and direct links to the cited pages with taxon and literature citations (including TL-2 ... ...

Abstract	An annotated English translation of a German early 19th century text including Latin diagnoses is presented with a high-quality scan of the original publication and direct links to the cited pages with taxon and literature citations (including TL-2 entries).
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-04-22
Publishing country	Bulgaria
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2736709-5
ISSN	1314-2828
ISSN	1314-2828
DOI	10.3897/BDJ.2.e1064
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