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Article ; Online: Spatial competition in a global disturbance minimum; the seabed under an Antarctic ice shelf.

Frinault, Bétina A V / Barnes, David K A / Biskaborn, Boris K / Gromig, Raphael / Hillenbrand, Claus-Dieter / Klages, Johann P / Koglin, Nikola / Kuhn, Gerhard

The Science of the total environment

2023 Volume 903, Page(s) 166157

Abstract: The marine habitat beneath Antarctica's ice shelves spans ∼1.6 million ... ...

Abstract	The marine habitat beneath Antarctica's ice shelves spans ∼1.6 million km
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-11
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166157
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Article ; Online: Holocene Palaeoenvironmental and Palaeoproductivity Changes in the Western Amundsen Sea Embayment of Antarctica

Kim, Minkyoung / Lee, Jae Il / Bak, Young‐Suk / Hillenbrand, Claus‐Dieter / Yang, Eun Jin / Montluçon, Daniel B. / Haghipour, Negar / Eglinton, Timothy I. / Hwang, Jeomshik

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 2023 June, v. 128, no. 6 p.e2023JC019797-

2023

Abstract: The Amundsen Polynya (AP) on the inner and middle continental shelf of the western Amundsen Sea Embayment is the fourth largest coastal polynya around Antarctica. The AP is highly productive when it opens in austral summer, with ∼20 times greater organic ...

Abstract	The Amundsen Polynya (AP) on the inner and middle continental shelf of the western Amundsen Sea Embayment is the fourth largest coastal polynya around Antarctica. The AP is highly productive when it opens in austral summer, with ∼20 times greater organic carbon accumulation rates over the last few thousand years compared to those at nearby shelf sites with more persistent seasonal sea‐ice cover. We examined sedimentary records at a site from the AP and another site from the outer shelf to investigate temporal variations in the depositional environment with a special focus on the timing of the AP opening since the deglaciation following the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ca. 23–19 cal. ka BP). In the AP region, sedimentological and biogeochemical proxy data reveal a transition from a sub‐glacial to a sub‐ice shelf and then seasonally open marine conditions comparable to those at present. Total organic carbon contents and diatom valve abundances during the seasonally open marine period imply that the polynya environments was reached at ca. 9.2 cal. ka BP. Since the post‐LGM deglaciation, diatom productivity and assemblages in the AP region appear to have varied in association with the variation in the physical environment. Compared to the AP site, only small amounts of organic carbon accumulated on the outer shelf. Differences in the depositional environments and productivity modes between the inner and outer shelf sites have persisted since ca. 10.5 cal. ka BP.
Keywords	Bacillariophyceae ; Holocene epoch ; continental shelf ; geophysics ; glaciation ; paleoecology ; research ; sea ice ; summer ; total organic carbon ; Antarctica
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-06
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	161667-5
ISSN	2169-9291 ; 2169-9275 ; 0148-0227 ; 0196-2256
ISSN (online)	2169-9291
ISSN	2169-9275 ; 0148-0227 ; 0196-2256
DOI	10.1029/2023JC019797
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Article ; Online: Synchronous retreat of Thwaites and Pine Island glaciers in response to external forcings in the presatellite era.

Clark, Rachel W / Wellner, Julia S / Hillenbrand, Claus-Dieter / Totten, Rebecca L / Smith, James A / Miller, Lauren E / Larter, Robert D / Hogan, Kelly A / Graham, Alastair G C / Nitsche, Frank O / Lehrmann, Asmara A / Lepp, Allison P / Kirkham, James D / Fitzgerald, Victoria T / Garcia-Barrera, Georgina / Ehrmann, Werner / Wacker, Lukas

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2024 Volume 121, Issue 11, Page(s) e2211711120

Abstract: Today, relatively warm Circumpolar Deep Water is melting Thwaites Glacier at the base of its ice shelf and at the grounding zone, contributing to significant ice retreat. Accelerating ice loss has been observed since the 1970s; however, it is unclear ... ...

Abstract	Today, relatively warm Circumpolar Deep Water is melting Thwaites Glacier at the base of its ice shelf and at the grounding zone, contributing to significant ice retreat. Accelerating ice loss has been observed since the 1970s; however, it is unclear when this phase of significant melting initiated. We analyzed the marine sedimentary record to reconstruct Thwaites Glacier's history from the early Holocene to present. Marine geophysical surveys were carried out along the floating ice-shelf margin to identify core locations from various geomorphic settings. We use sedimentological data and physical properties to define sedimentary facies at seven core sites. Glaciomarine sediment deposits reveal that the grounded ice in the Amundsen Sea Embayment had already retreated to within ~45 km of the modern grounding zone prior to ca. 9,400 y ago. Sediments deposited within the past 100+ y record abrupt changes in environmental conditions. On seafloor highs, these shifts document ice-shelf thinning initiating at least as early as the 1940s. Sediments recovered from deep basins reflect a transition from ice proximal to slightly more distal conditions, suggesting ongoing grounding-zone retreat since the 1950s. The timing of ice-shelf unpinning from the seafloor for Thwaites Glacier coincides with similar records from neighboring Pine Island Glacier. Our work provides robust new evidence that glacier retreat in the Amundsen Sea was initiated in the mid-twentieth century, likely associated with climate variability.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	209104-5
ISSN	1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
ISSN (online)	1091-6490
ISSN	0027-8424
DOI	10.1073/pnas.2211711120
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Article ; Online: Richness, growth, and persistence of life under an Antarctic ice shelf.

Barnes, David K A / Kuhn, Gerhard / Hillenbrand, Claus-Dieter / Gromig, Raphael / Koglin, Nikola / Biskaborn, Boris K / Frinault, Betina A V / Klages, Johann P / Smith, Emma C / Berger, Sophie / Gutt, Julian

Current biology : CB

2022 Volume 32, Issue 18, Page(s) 4101

Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	1071731-6
ISSN	1879-0445 ; 0960-9822
ISSN (online)	1879-0445
ISSN	0960-9822
DOI	10.1016/j.cub.2022.09.012
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Conference proceedings ; Online: Seawater Pb isotopes record early Miocene to modern circulation dynamics in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean

Huang, Huang / Gutjahr, Marcus / Song, Zhaoyang / Fietzke, Jan / Frank, Martin / Kuhn, Gerhard / Hillenbrand, Claus Dieter / Christl, Marcus / Garbe-Schönberg, Dieter / Goepfert, Tyler / Eisenhauer, Anton

2023

Language	English
Publishing country	de
Document type	Conference proceedings ; Online
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Article ; Online: The marine geological imprint of Antarctic ice shelves.

Smith, James A / Graham, Alastair G C / Post, Alix L / Hillenbrand, Claus-Dieter / Bart, Philip J / Powell, Ross D

Nature communications

2019 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 5635

Abstract: Reductions in the thickness and extent of Antarctic ice shelves are triggering increased discharge of marine-terminating glaciers. While the impacts of recent changes are well documented, their role in modulating past ice-sheet dynamics remains poorly ... ...

Abstract	Reductions in the thickness and extent of Antarctic ice shelves are triggering increased discharge of marine-terminating glaciers. While the impacts of recent changes are well documented, their role in modulating past ice-sheet dynamics remains poorly constrained. This reflects two persistent issues; first, the effective discrimination of sediments and landforms solely attributable to sub-ice-shelf deposition, and second, challenges in dating these records. Recent progress in deciphering the geological imprint of Antarctic ice shelves is summarised, including advances in dating methods and proxies to reconstruct drivers of change. Finally, we identify several challenges to overcome to fully exploit the paleo record.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-019-13496-5
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Article ; Online: Richness, growth, and persistence of life under an Antarctic ice shelf.

Barnes, David K A / Kuhn, Gerhard / Hillenbrand, Claus-Dieter / Gromig, Raphael / Koglin, Nikola / Biskaborn, Boris K / Frinault, Betina A V / Klages, Johann P / Gutt, Julian

Current biology : CB

2021 Volume 31, Issue 24, Page(s) R1566–R1567

Abstract: Where polar ice sheets meet the coast, they can flow into the sea as floating ice shelves. The seabed underneath is in complete darkness, and may be Earth's least known surface habitat. Few taxa there have been fully identified to named species (see ... ...

Abstract	Where polar ice sheets meet the coast, they can flow into the sea as floating ice shelves. The seabed underneath is in complete darkness, and may be Earth's least known surface habitat. Few taxa there have been fully identified to named species (see Supplemental information) - remarkable for a habitat spanning nearly 1.6 million km
MeSH term(s)	Antarctic Regions ; Ecosystem ; Ice Cover
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1071731-6
ISSN	1879-0445 ; 0960-9822
ISSN (online)	1879-0445
ISSN	0960-9822
DOI	10.1016/j.cub.2021.11.015
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Book ; Online: A global mean sea-surface temperature dataset for the Last Interglacial (129–116 kyr) and contribution of thermal expansion to sea-level change

Turney, Chris S. M. / Jones, Richard / McKay, Nicholas P. / Sebille, Erik / Thomas, Zoë A. / Hillenbrand, Claus-Dieter / Fogwill, Christopher J.

eISSN: 1866-3516

2020

Abstract: A valuable analogue for assessing Earth’s sensitivity to warming is the Last Interglacial (LIG; 129–116 kyr), when global temperatures (0−+2 °C) and mean sea level (+6–11 m) were higher than today. The direct contribution of warmer conditions to global ... ...

Abstract	A valuable analogue for assessing Earth’s sensitivity to warming is the Last Interglacial (LIG; 129–116 kyr), when global temperatures (0−+2 °C) and mean sea level (+6–11 m) were higher than today. The direct contribution of warmer conditions to global sea level (thermosteric) are uncertain. We report here a global network of LIG sea surface temperatures (SST) obtained from various published temperature proxies (e.g. faunal/floral assemblages, Mg/Ca ratios of calcareous plankton, alkenone U K’ 37). Each reconstruction is averaged across the LIG (anomalies relative to 1981–2010), corrected for ocean drift and with varying seasonality (189 annual, 99 December-February, and 92 June–August records). We summarise the current limitations of SST reconstructions for the LIG and the spatial temperature features of a naturally warmer world. Because of local δ 18 O seawater changes, uncertainty in the age models of marine cores, and differences in sampling resolution and/or sedimentation rates, the reconstructions are restricted to mean conditions. To avoid bias towards individual LIG SSTs based on only a single (and potentially erroneous) measurement or a single interpolated data point, here we average across the entire LIG. To investigate the sensitivity of the reconstruction to high temperatures, we also report maximum values during the first 5 ka of the LIG (129–124 kyr). The global dataset provides a remarkably coherent pattern of higher SST increases at polar latitudes than in the tropics, with comparable estimates between different SST proxies. We report mean global annual SST anomalies of 0.2 ± 0.1 °C and a maximum of 0.9 ± 0.2 °C respectively. Using the reconstructed SSTs suggests a mean thermosteric sea level rise of 0.01 ± 0.1 m and a maximum of 0.13 ± 0.1 m respectively. The data provide an important natural baseline for a warmer world, constraining the contributions of Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets to global sea level during a geographically widespread expression of high sea level, and can be used to test the next inter-comparison of models for projecting future climate change. The dataset described in this paper, including summary temperature and thermosteric sea-level reconstructions, are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.904381 (Turney et al., 2019).
Subject code	550 ; 333
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-29
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article: Geochemical fingerprints of glacially eroded bedrock from West Antarctica: Detrital thermochronology, radiogenic isotope systematics and trace element geochemistry in Late Holocene glacial-marine sediments

Simões Pereira, Patric / van de Flierdt, Tina / Hemming, Sidney R / Hammond, Samantha J / Kuhn, Gerhard / Brachfeld, Stefanie / Doherty, Cathleen / Hillenbrand, Claus-Dieter

Elsevier B.V. Earth-science reviews. 2018 July, v. 182

2018

Abstract: Geochemical provenance studies of glacial-marine sediments provide a powerful approach to describe subglacial geology, sediment transport pathways, and past ice sheet dynamics. The marine-based West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) is considered highly ... ...

Abstract	Geochemical provenance studies of glacial-marine sediments provide a powerful approach to describe subglacial geology, sediment transport pathways, and past ice sheet dynamics. The marine-based West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) is considered highly vulnerable to ocean warming and sea level rise that is likely to cause its rapid and irreversible retreat. Studies of its past response to climate change are hence essential for projecting its future behaviour. The application of radiogenic and trace element provenance studies for past ice sheet reconstructions requires surveying the geographic variability of geochemical compositions of glaciomarine sediments. In this study, we characterize the provenance of the detrital fraction of 67 Late Holocene marine sediment samples collected off the Pacific margin of West Antarctica (60°W to 160°W), including 40Ar/39Ar ages of individual hornblende and biotite grains (>150 μm), as well as Sr and Nd isotope and trace element composition of the fine-grained (<63 μm) sediment fraction. Overall, this approach allows differentiating West Antarctica into five source regions: the Antarctic Peninsula, Bellingshausen Sea, Amundsen Sea, Wrigley Gulf-Hobbs Coast and Sulzberger Bay. Minor geochemical variability is found within each individual sector due to local variability in onland geology. 40Ar/39Ar ages of iceberg-rafted hornblende and biotite grains record primarily Carboniferous to Lates Quaternary ages (~0 to 380 Ma), with a notable age peak of ~100 Ma, associated with plutonic intrusions or deformation events during the mid-Cretaceous. Permian-Jurassic 40Ar/39Ar ages are widespread in the Amundsen Sea sector, marking episodes of large-volume magmatism along the long-lived continental margin. Metasedimentary rocks and Late Cenozoic alkali basalts in West Antarctica cannot be detected using detrital hornblende and biotite 40Ar/39Ar ages due to the absence or small grain-size (i.e. <150 μm) of these minerals in such rocks. These sources can however be readily recognized by their fine-grained geochemical composition. In addition, geographic trends in the provenance from proximal to distal sites provide insights into major sediment transport pathways. While the transport of fine-grained detritus follows bathymetric cross-shelf troughs, the distribution of iceberg-rafted grains shows influence by transport in the Antarctic Coastal Current. Our study provides the first systematic geochemical characterisation of sediment provenance off West Antarctica, and highlights the importance of combining multiple provenance approaches in different size fractions of glacial-marine sediments, and paves the way to investigate past WAIS dynamics.
Keywords	Carboniferous period ; Cretaceous period ; Holocene epoch ; basalt ; bedrock ; biotite ; coasts ; deformation ; detritus ; elemental composition ; geochemistry ; geographical variation ; glaciers ; ice ; isotopes ; marine sediments ; ocean warming ; provenance ; sea level ; sediment transport ; strontium ; surveys ; water currents ; Antarctic region ; Antarctica
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-07
Size	p. 204-232.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1792-9
ISSN	0012-8252
ISSN	0012-8252
DOI	10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.04.011
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Faunal evidence for a late quaternary trans‐Antarctic seaway

BARNES, DAVID K.A / HILLENBRAND, CLAUS‐DIETER

Global change biology. 2010 Dec., v. 16, no. 12

2010

Abstract: Collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) would raise global sea level by ∼3.3-5 m. Ice‐sheet models and geological data suggest at least one collapse has happened during the last 1.1 Ma, and some scenarios of future climate change predict a ... ...

Abstract	Collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) would raise global sea level by ∼3.3-5 m. Ice‐sheet models and geological data suggest at least one collapse has happened during the last 1.1 Ma, and some scenarios of future climate change predict a collapse within the next two centuries. A complete WAIS collapse would open shallow seaways across West Antarctica, potentially enabling exchange of animals between West Antarctic seas. We investigated biological evidence for past connectivity between different regions of Antarctica by comparing the composition of modern bryozoan assemblages from the continental margin around Antarctica. Surprisingly, we found most similarity between two areas which are not currently connected - the shelves of the Weddell Sea (WS) and Ross Sea (RS). We evaluated three hypotheses to explain this and conclude that bryozoans most likely dispersed through a trans‐Antarctic seaway that opened in response to a WAIS collapse and connected the WS and RS shelves. These bryozoans must have survived glaciations(s) during subsequent ice ages in refuges, whereas they were wiped out in most other regions of the Antarctic shelf. After the last glacial period, bryozoan assemblages could freely disperse between many of the regions we examined (e.g. Antarctic Peninsula and South Shetland Islands), which has allowed recolonization of areas in which bryozoans had been eradicated during the last ice age. For the bryozoans on the WS and RS shelves to be more similar than those which are in close proximity means the trans‐Antarctic seaway may have been as late as the last few interglacials. Current rates of warming are exceptional compared with the near past glacial cycles so our study, the strongest faunal evidence of WAIS collapse during the recent geological past, thus supports predictions of a near future WAIS collapse (with considerable global sea level implications) and resultant future major faunal exchanges.
Keywords	Bryozoa ; animals ; climate change ; ice ; models ; prediction ; sea level ; Antarctic region ; Antarctica
Language	English
Size	p. 3297-3303.
Publishing place	Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1281439-8
ISSN	1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
ISSN (online)	1365-2486
ISSN	1354-1013
DOI	10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02198.x
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