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Article ; Online: Ex Situ

Marinov, Alexandar D / Bravo Priegue, Laura / Shah, Ami R / Miller, Thomas S / Howard, Christopher A / Hinds, Gareth / Shearing, Paul R / Cullen, Patrick L / Brett, Dan J L

ACS nano

2023 Volume 17, Issue 6, Page(s) 5163–5186

Abstract: The growing interest in the development of next-generation net zero energy systems has led to the expansion of molybdenum disulfide ( ... ...

Abstract	The growing interest in the development of next-generation net zero energy systems has led to the expansion of molybdenum disulfide (MoS
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	1936-086X
ISSN (online)	1936-086X
DOI	10.1021/acsnano.2c08913
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Carbon-coated stainless steel as a bipolar plate material in PEM water electrolyzers

Proch Sebastian / Bexell Ulf / Moffatt Claire / Stenström Mikael / Bernuy-Lopez Carlos / Westlinder Jörgen / Becker Hans / Smith Graham / Dickinson Edmund J.F. / Hinds Gareth / Wilke Vincent / Stiber Svenja / Gago Aldo

E3S Web of Conferences, Vol 334, p

2022 Volume 01002

Abstract: The kinetically sluggish oxygen evolution reaction in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs) leads to high potentials of >1.5 V vs RHE at the anode electrode during operation. In contrast, an investigation with an in situ reference ... ...

Abstract	The kinetically sluggish oxygen evolution reaction in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs) leads to high potentials of >1.5 V vs RHE at the anode electrode during operation. In contrast, an investigation with an in situ reference electrode indicates a much lower potential at the anode side of the bipolar plate which would allow the use of stainless steel and carbon as the bipolar plate materials. This decoupling is induced by the low conductivity of the circulating deionized water. In single cell electrolyzer tests, we show that carbon-coated 316L (C-316L) stainless steel is suitable as a bipolar plate material in contact with the anode and cathode sides of the PEMWE. The coating remains stable throughout the experiments, i.e., 720 h at the anode and 1000 h at the cathode side. Based on these results we regard carbon-coated stainless steel as a sustainable solution for the large-scale application of PEM water electrolysis since it might replace (Pt-coated) titanium in the bipolar plate.
Keywords	Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	621
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	EDP Sciences
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: In situ monitoring of lithium-ion battery degradation using an electrochemical model

Lyu, Chao / Hinds, Gareth / Li, Junfu / Luo, Weilin / Song, Yankong / Wang, Lixin / Zheng, Jun

Applied energy. 2019 Sept. 15, v. 250

2019

Abstract: Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are increasingly popular for electric vehicle and grid storage applications, but degradation mechanisms remain poorly understood and are difficult to characterize accurately. Here a new method for in situ monitoring of ... ...

Abstract	Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are increasingly popular for electric vehicle and grid storage applications, but degradation mechanisms remain poorly understood and are difficult to characterize accurately. Here a new method for in situ monitoring of internal degradation in LIBs using an electrochemical model (EM) is introduced. The main contributions of this work can be summarized as follows: (1) An EM is developed based on a single particle model, the parameters of which are reorganized from the original physical property parameters for convenience of identification, with each new parameter assigned a specific physical meaning. (2) Identification methods for all parameters are determined through activation-and-response analysis, and a combined load profile for parameter identification is developed. (3) Cyclic aging experiments are carried out and the aforementioned model and parameter identification methods are applied at appropriate intervals. The predicted trends of 7 (internal resistance included) of the 10 model parameters show strong correlations with the experimentally observed degradation.
Keywords	electric vehicles ; electrochemistry ; lithium batteries ; models ; monitoring
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0915
Size	p. 685-696.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2000772-3
ISSN	0306-2619
ISSN	0306-2619
DOI	10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.05.038
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Surface Analysis of Pristine and Cycled NMC/Graphite Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes: Addressing the Measurement Challenges.

Marchesini, Sofia / Reed, Benjamen P / Jones, Helen / Matjacic, Lidija / Rosser, Timothy E / Zhou, Yundong / Brennan, Barry / Tiddia, Mariavitalia / Jervis, Rhodri / Loveridge, Melanie J / Raccichini, Rinaldo / Park, Juyeon / Wain, Andrew J / Hinds, Gareth / Gilmore, Ian S / Shard, Alexander G / Pollard, Andrew J

ACS applied materials & interfaces

2022 Volume 14, Issue 47, Page(s) 52779–52793

Abstract: Lithium-ion batteries are the most ubiquitous energy storage devices in our everyday lives. However, their energy storage capacity fades over time due to chemical and structural changes in their components, via different degradation mechanisms. ... ...

Abstract	Lithium-ion batteries are the most ubiquitous energy storage devices in our everyday lives. However, their energy storage capacity fades over time due to chemical and structural changes in their components, via different degradation mechanisms. Understanding and mitigating these degradation mechanisms is key to reducing capacity fade, thereby enabling improvement in the performance and lifetime of Li-ion batteries, supporting the energy transition to renewables and electrification. In this endeavor, surface analysis techniques are commonly employed to characterize the chemistry and structure at reactive interfaces, where most changes are observed as batteries age. However, battery electrodes are complex systems containing unstable compounds, with large heterogeneities in material properties. Moreover, different degradation mechanisms can affect multiple material properties and occur simultaneously, meaning that a range of complementary techniques must be utilized to obtain a complete picture of electrode degradation. The combination of these issues and the lack of standard measurement protocols and guidelines for data interpretation can lead to a lack of trust in data. Herein, we discuss measurement challenges that affect several key surface analysis techniques being used for Li-ion battery degradation studies: focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. We provide recommendations for each technique to improve reproducibility and reduce uncertainty in the analysis of NMC/graphite Li-ion battery electrodes. We also highlight some key measurement issues that should be addressed in future investigations.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1944-8252
ISSN (online)	1944-8252
DOI	10.1021/acsami.2c13636
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Degradation Study by Start-Up/Shut-Down Cycling of Superhydrophobic Electrosprayed Catalyst Layers Using a Localized Reference Electrode Technique

Ferreira-Aparicio, Paloma / Brightman Edward / Chaparro Antonio M / Conde Julio J / Folgado M. Antonia / Hinds Gareth

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. 2017 Mar. 29, v. 9, no. 12

2017

Abstract: Degradation of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with electrosprayed cathode catalyst layers is investigated during cyclic start-up and shut-down events. The study is carried out within a single cell incorporating an array of reference ... ...

Abstract	Degradation of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with electrosprayed cathode catalyst layers is investigated during cyclic start-up and shut-down events. The study is carried out within a single cell incorporating an array of reference electrodes that enables measurement of cell current as a function of local cathode potential (localized polarization curves). Accelerated degradation of the cell by start-up/shut-down cycling gives rise to inhomogeneous performance loss, which is more severe close to the gas outlet and occurs predominantly during start-up. The degradation consists primarily of loss of cathode catalyst activity and increase in cell internal resistance, which is attributed to carbon corrosion and Pt aggregation in both anode and cathode. Cells with an electrosprayed cathode catalyst layer show lower degradation rates during the first 100 cycles, compared with those of a conventional gas diffusion electrode. This difference in behavior is attributed to the high hydrophobicity of the electrosprayed catalyst layer microstructure, which retards the kinetics of corrosion of the carbon support. In the long term, however, the degradation rate is dominated by the Pt/C ratio in the cathode catalyst layer.
Keywords	anodes ; carbon ; catalysts ; cathodes ; corrosion ; electrolytes ; fuel cells ; hydrophobicity ; microstructure ; polymers
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-0329
Size	p. 10626-10636.
Publishing place	American Chemical Society
Document type	Article
ISSN	1944-8252
DOI	10.1021%2Facsami.6b15581
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: 3D microstructure design of lithium-ion battery electrodes assisted by X-ray nano-computed tomography and modelling.

Lu, Xuekun / Bertei, Antonio / Finegan, Donal P / Tan, Chun / Daemi, Sohrab R / Weaving, Julia S / O'Regan, Kieran B / Heenan, Thomas M M / Hinds, Gareth / Kendrick, Emma / Brett, Dan J L / Shearing, Paul R

Nature communications

2020 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 2079

Abstract: Driving range and fast charge capability of electric vehicles are heavily dependent on the 3D microstructure of lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) and substantial fundamental research is required to optimise electrode design for specific operating conditions. ... ...

Abstract	Driving range and fast charge capability of electric vehicles are heavily dependent on the 3D microstructure of lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) and substantial fundamental research is required to optimise electrode design for specific operating conditions. Here we have developed a full microstructure-resolved 3D model using a novel X-ray nano-computed tomography (CT) dual-scan superimposition technique that captures features of the carbon-binder domain. This elucidates how LiB performance is markedly affected by microstructural heterogeneities, particularly under high rate conditions. The elongated shape and wide size distribution of the active particles not only affect the lithium-ion transport but also lead to a heterogeneous current distribution and non-uniform lithiation between particles and along the through-thickness direction. Building on these insights, we propose and compare potential graded-microstructure designs for next-generation battery electrodes. To guide manufacturing of electrode architectures, in-situ X-ray CT is shown to reliably reveal the porosity and tortuosity changes with incremental calendering steps.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-020-15811-x
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Degradation Study by Start-Up/Shut-Down Cycling of Superhydrophobic Electrosprayed Catalyst Layers Using a Localized Reference Electrode Technique.

Ferreira-Aparicio, Paloma / Chaparro, Antonio M / Folgado, M Antonia / Conde, Julio J / Brightman, Edward / Hinds, Gareth

ACS applied materials & interfaces

2017 Volume 9, Issue 12, Page(s) 10626–10636

Abstract	Degradation of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with electrosprayed cathode catalyst layers is investigated during cyclic start-up and shut-down events. The study is carried out within a single cell incorporating an array of reference electrodes that enables measurement of cell current as a function of local cathode potential (localized polarization curves). Accelerated degradation of the cell by start-up/shut-down cycling gives rise to inhomogeneous performance loss, which is more severe close to the gas outlet and occurs predominantly during start-up. The degradation consists primarily of loss of cathode catalyst activity and increase in cell internal resistance, which is attributed to carbon corrosion and Pt aggregation in both anode and cathode. Cells with an electrosprayed cathode catalyst layer show lower degradation rates during the first 100 cycles, compared with those of a conventional gas diffusion electrode. This difference in behavior is attributed to the high hydrophobicity of the electrosprayed catalyst layer microstructure, which retards the kinetics of corrosion of the carbon support. In the long term, however, the degradation rate is dominated by the Pt/C ratio in the cathode catalyst layer.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-03-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1944-8252
ISSN (online)	1944-8252
DOI	10.1021/acsami.6b15581
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Investigating lithium-ion battery materials during overcharge-induced thermal runaway: an operando and multi-scale X-ray CT study.

Finegan, Donal P / Scheel, Mario / Robinson, James B / Tjaden, Bernhard / Di Michiel, Marco / Hinds, Gareth / Brett, Dan J L / Shearing, Paul R

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP

2016 Volume 18, Issue 45, Page(s) 30912–30919

Abstract: Catastrophic failure of lithium-ion batteries occurs across multiple length scales and over very short time periods. A combination of high-speed operando tomography, thermal imaging and electrochemical measurements is used to probe the degradation ... ...

Abstract	Catastrophic failure of lithium-ion batteries occurs across multiple length scales and over very short time periods. A combination of high-speed operando tomography, thermal imaging and electrochemical measurements is used to probe the degradation mechanisms leading up to overcharge-induced thermal runaway of a LiCoO
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-11-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1476244-4
ISSN	1463-9084 ; 1463-9076
ISSN (online)	1463-9084
ISSN	1463-9076
DOI	10.1039/c6cp04251a
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Influence of acoustic cavitation on the controlled ultrasonic dispersion of carbon nanotubes.

Sesis, Achilleas / Hodnett, Mark / Memoli, Gianluca / Wain, Andrew J / Jurewicz, Izabela / Dalton, Alan B / Carey, J David / Hinds, Gareth

The journal of physical chemistry. B

2013 Volume 117, Issue 48, Page(s) 15141–15150

Abstract: Ultrasonication is the most widely used technique for the dispersion of a range of nanomaterials, but the intrinsic mechanism which leads to stable solutions is poorly understood with procedures quoted in the literature typically specifying only ... ...

Abstract	Ultrasonication is the most widely used technique for the dispersion of a range of nanomaterials, but the intrinsic mechanism which leads to stable solutions is poorly understood with procedures quoted in the literature typically specifying only extrinsic parameters such as nominal electrical input power and exposure time. Here we present new insights into the dispersion mechanism of a representative nanomaterial, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SW-CNTs), using a novel up-scalable sonoreactor and an in situ technique for the measurement of acoustic cavitation activity during ultrasonication. We distinguish between stable cavitation, which leads to chemical modification of the surface of the CNTs, and inertial cavitation, which favors CNT exfoliation and length reduction. Efficient dispersion of CNTs in aqueous solution is found to be dominated by mechanical forces generated via inertial cavitation, which in turn depends critically on surfactant concentration. This study highlights that careful measurement and control of cavitation rather than blind application of input power is essential in the large volume production of nanomaterial dispersions with tailored properties.
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-12-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1520-5207
ISSN (online)	1520-5207
DOI	10.1021/jp410041y
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Article: Influence of Acoustic Cavitation on the Controlled Ultrasonic Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes

Sesis, Achilleas / Hodnett Mark / Memoli Gianluca / Wain Andrew J / Jurewicz Izabela / Dalton Alan B / Carey J. David / Hinds Gareth

Journal of physical chemistry. 2013 Dec. 05, v. 117, no. 48

2013

Abstract	Ultrasonication is the most widely used technique for the dispersion of a range of nanomaterials, but the intrinsic mechanism which leads to stable solutions is poorly understood with procedures quoted in the literature typically specifying only extrinsic parameters such as nominal electrical input power and exposure time. Here we present new insights into the dispersion mechanism of a representative nanomaterial, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SW-CNTs), using a novel up-scalable sonoreactor and an in situ technique for the measurement of acoustic cavitation activity during ultrasonication. We distinguish between stable cavitation, which leads to chemical modification of the surface of the CNTs, and inertial cavitation, which favors CNT exfoliation and length reduction. Efficient dispersion of CNTs in aqueous solution is found to be dominated by mechanical forces generated via inertial cavitation, which in turn depends critically on surfactant concentration. This study highlights that careful measurement and control of cavitation rather than blind application of input power is essential in the large volume production of nanomaterial dispersions with tailored properties.
Keywords	acoustics ; aqueous solutions ; carbon nanotubes ; dispersions ; exposure duration ; physical chemistry ; surfactants ; ultrasonic treatment ; ultrasonics
Language	English
Dates of publication	2013-1205
Size	p. 15141-15150.
Publishing place	American Chemical Society
Document type	Article
ISSN	1520-5207
DOI	10.1021%2Fjp410041y
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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