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  1. Article: Recent Insights Into the Structure, Function, and Evolution of the RNA-Splicing Endonucleases.

    Hirata, Akira

    Frontiers in genetics

    2019  Volume 10, Page(s) 103

    Abstract: RNA-splicing endonuclease (EndA) cleaves out introns from archaeal and eukaryotic precursor (pre)-tRNA and is essential for tRNA maturation. In archaeal EndA, the molecular mechanisms underlying complex assembly, substrate recognition, and catalysis have ...

    Abstract RNA-splicing endonuclease (EndA) cleaves out introns from archaeal and eukaryotic precursor (pre)-tRNA and is essential for tRNA maturation. In archaeal EndA, the molecular mechanisms underlying complex assembly, substrate recognition, and catalysis have been well understood. Recently, certain studies have reported novel findings including the identification of new subunit types in archaeal EndA structures, providing insights into the mechanism underlying broad substrate specificity. Further, metagenomics analyses have enabled the acquisition of numerous DNA sequences of EndAs and intron-containing pre-tRNAs from various species, providing information regarding the co-evolution of substrate specificity of archaeal EndAs and tRNA genetic diversity, and the evolutionary pathway of archaeal and eukaryotic EndAs. Although the complex structure of the heterothermic form of eukaryotic EndAs is unknown, previous reports regarding their functions indicated that mutations in human EndA cause neurological disorders including pontocerebellar hypoplasia and progressive microcephaly, and yeast EndA significantly cleaves mitochondria-localized mRNA encoding cytochrome b mRNA processing 1 (Cpb1) for mRNA maturation. This mini-review summarizes the aforementioned results, discusses their implications, and offers my personal opinion regarding future directions for the analysis of the structure and function of EndAs.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-02-12
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2606823-0
    ISSN 1664-8021
    ISSN 1664-8021
    DOI 10.3389/fgene.2019.00103
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  2. Article ; Online: High-risk factors for zonular complications during cataract surgery in eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome.

    Hayashi, Ken / Yoshida, Motoaki / Manabe, Shin-Ichi / Hirata, Akira

    The British journal of ophthalmology

    2024  

    Abstract: Aims: To predict high-risk factors for zonular complications during cataract surgery due to pre-existing severe zonular dehiscence in eyes with pseudoexfoliation (PXF) syndrome.: Methods: 315 eyes of 315 consecutive patients with PXF scheduled for ... ...

    Abstract Aims: To predict high-risk factors for zonular complications during cataract surgery due to pre-existing severe zonular dehiscence in eyes with pseudoexfoliation (PXF) syndrome.
    Methods: 315 eyes of 315 consecutive patients with PXF scheduled for phacoemulsification surgery underwent preoperative examination of various ocular parameters using an anterior segment-optical coherence tomography and other devices. When zonular complications occurred during surgery due to zonular dehiscence, scleral fixation of the intraocular lens (IOL) or implantation of a capsular tension ring (CTR) was performed. High-risk factors for these intraoperative zonular complications were examined using classification-tree and logistic regression analyses.
    Results: Of the 315 eyes, 31 (9.84%) underwent scleral IOL fixation or CTR implantation. High-risk factors identified by classification-tree analysis were a small pupillary diameter after mydriasis <6.30 mm, a shallow anterior chamber depth <2.074 mm and lens decentration >0.260 mm. Based on exact logistic regression analysis, the OR was 4.81-fold higher for eyes with poor mydriasis than for eyes without poor mydriasis (p=0.006, 95% CI 1.49 to 18.23), 23.99-fold higher for eyes with poor mydriasis and a shallow anterior chamber (p<0.001, 5.92 to 109.02) and 287.39-fold higher for eyes with poor mydriasis, a shallow chamber and great lens decentration (p<0.001, 50.46 to infinity).
    Conclusion: In eyes with PXF, high-risk factors for zonular complications during cataract surgery due to pre-existing severe zonular dehiscence were poor mydriasis, shallow anterior chamber and large lens decentration, suggesting the importance of evaluating these conditions preoperatively.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-30
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80078-8
    ISSN 1468-2079 ; 0007-1161
    ISSN (online) 1468-2079
    ISSN 0007-1161
    DOI 10.1136/bjo-2023-324832
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  3. Article ; Online: Prevalence and characteristics of oblique astigmatism.

    Hayashi, Ken / Uno, Koichi / Manabe, Shin-Ichi / Hirata, Akira

    Eye (London, England)

    2023  Volume 37, Issue 15, Page(s) 3174–3179

    Abstract: Objective: To examine the incidence and characteristics of eyes with oblique astigmatism stratified by meridian, age, sex, and eye side (left to right).: Methods: One thousand eyes of 1000 patients with oblique corneal astigmatism underwent ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To examine the incidence and characteristics of eyes with oblique astigmatism stratified by meridian, age, sex, and eye side (left to right).
    Methods: One thousand eyes of 1000 patients with oblique corneal astigmatism underwent videokeratographic examination and was classified into 4 meridian categories: (1) 31°-45°, (2) 46°-59°, (3) 121°-135°, and (4) 136°-149°. Amounts of regular and irregular astigmatism, and the vertical/horizontal (Rx) and oblique astigmatism components (Ry) decomposed using vector analysis were compared among the 4 categories and age groups, and between sexes and eye sides.
    Results: Incidences of the 4 meridian categories were similar and did not differ significantly among age groups or between sexes. The incidence was significantly greater in eyes in meridian categories 1 and 2 in the left eye and categories 3 and 4 in the right eye, and significantly greater in men in their 40 s and 50 s and in women in their 70 s and 80 s (P < 0.0001). The mean regular astigmatism, asymmetry and higher-order irregularity components, and Rx and absolute Ry significantly increased with age (P ≤ 0.0372). The mean regular and irregular astigmatism, and absolute Rx and Ry did not differ significantly among the 4 categories, or between sexes or left and right eyes.
    Conclusions: The incidence of oblique astigmatism was significantly greater in the temporal side meridians, and the incidence in women increased with age. The degree of oblique astigmatism increased with age, with an increase in irregular astigmatism.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Female ; Astigmatism/etiology ; Prevalence ; Cornea ; Corneal Topography ; Corneal Diseases/complications
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 91001-6
    ISSN 1476-5454 ; 0950-222X
    ISSN (online) 1476-5454
    ISSN 0950-222X
    DOI 10.1038/s41433-023-02470-7
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  4. Article ; Online: Surgical safety and efficacy of a multi-stent system, the comet stent, in Baerveldt glaucoma implant surgery: a prospective pilot study.

    Manabe, Shin-Ichi / Hirata, Akira / Akagi, Tadamichi / Hayashi, Ken

    Japanese journal of ophthalmology

    2023  Volume 67, Issue 6, Page(s) 685–692

    Abstract: Purpose: This study aimed to introduce a new technique for lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) using a multi-stent system after the implantation of a Baerveldt glaucoma implant (BGI) and evaluate its clinical effectiveness.: Study design: Prospective ...

    Abstract Purpose: This study aimed to introduce a new technique for lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) using a multi-stent system after the implantation of a Baerveldt glaucoma implant (BGI) and evaluate its clinical effectiveness.
    Study design: Prospective case series.
    Methods: Six patients with uncontrolled refractory glaucoma were enrolled between December 2021 and May 2022. Six 6-0 nylon sutures were preoperatively inserted into the tube of a BGI. These sutures were named "comet stents" (CSs). BGI implantation was performed, and the CSs were removed one-by-one whenever the IOP rose during the follow-up period. IOP was measured 30-60 min after the removal of each CS, and the reduction in IOP was recorded to assess the effect of CS removal. IOP reduction and the effect of CS removal on IOP reduction were evaluated for 6 months. The cut and trimmed stented tubes were examined with scanning electron microscopy, and the ratio of the patent cross-sectional area to the total luminal area (PCSA, %) and the luminal area occupation rate per stent (%) were calculated.
    Results: The mean (±standard deviation) IOP decreased from 31.5 ± 2.8 mmHg at the baseline to 14.8 ± 8.3 mmHg at 1 month, 8.8 ± 4.7 mmHg at 3 months, and 9.2 ± 3.4 mmHg at 6 months. The IOP reduction induced by CS removal ranged from 0 to 19 mmHg. The mean PCSA was 52.7 ± 1.7%, and the mean luminal area occupation rate per stent was 7.9 ± 0.3%.
    Conclusion: The use of CSs is an effective technique for controlling IOP in a step-by-step manner after BGI surgery.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Pilot Projects ; Prosthesis Implantation/methods ; Visual Acuity ; Glaucoma/surgery ; Intraocular Pressure ; Glaucoma Drainage Implants ; Treatment Outcome ; Ocular Hypotension ; Stents ; Follow-Up Studies ; Retrospective Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-04
    Publishing country Japan
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 82032-5
    ISSN 1613-2246 ; 0021-5155
    ISSN (online) 1613-2246
    ISSN 0021-5155
    DOI 10.1007/s10384-023-01014-6
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  5. Article ; Online: Posterior vitreous detachment after cataract surgery in eyes with high myopia: an optical coherence tomography study.

    Hayashi, Ken / Yoshida, Motoaki / Hayashi, Shunsuke / Hirata, Akira

    Japanese journal of ophthalmology

    2022  Volume 66, Issue 2, Page(s) 167–172

    Abstract: Purpose: To compare the progression of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) after cataract surgery in eyes with high myopia with that in eyes without high myopia.: Study design: Prospective observational study.: Methods: Eighty eyes of 80 patients ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: To compare the progression of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) after cataract surgery in eyes with high myopia with that in eyes without high myopia.
    Study design: Prospective observational study.
    Methods: Eighty eyes of 80 patients with high myopia and 160 eyes of 160 patients without high myopia scheduled for phacoemulsification were recruited. PVD status was examined using swept-source optical coherence tomography at 2 days postoperatively (baseline) and at 3, 6, and 12 months postbaseline and classified into 5 stages: 0 (no PVD), 1 (paramacular PVD), 2 (perifoveal PVD), 3 (peripapillary PVD), and 4 (complete PVD). The PVD stage and incidence of progression to complete PVD of the 2 groups were compared.
    Results: The mean PVD stage did not differ significantly between the groups at baseline or at 3 months postbaseline but was significantly more progressed in the high myopia group than in the nonhigh myopia group at 6 months and 12 months postbaseline (P ≤ 0.0201). The Kaplan-Meier survival rate for complete PVD was significantly lower in the high myopia group (P = 0.0129). After adjusting for age, sex, and baseline PVD stage, the hazard ratio for complete PVD was 1.68-fold higher in the high myopia group than in the nonhigh myopia group (P = 0.0326, 95% CI 1.04-2.70).
    Conclusion: After cataract surgery, PVD progressed significantly faster in eyes with high myopia than in eyes without high myopia, and the relative risk for complete PVD was 1.68-fold higher in eyes with high myopia, suggesting that highly myopic eyes are at considerably high risk for retinal disease postoperatively.
    MeSH term(s) Cataract/complications ; Humans ; Myopia/complications ; Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods ; Vitreous Body ; Vitreous Detachment/diagnosis ; Vitreous Detachment/etiology ; Vitreous Detachment/surgery
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-05
    Publishing country Japan
    Document type Journal Article ; Observational Study
    ZDB-ID 82032-5
    ISSN 1613-2246 ; 0021-5155
    ISSN (online) 1613-2246
    ISSN 0021-5155
    DOI 10.1007/s10384-022-00903-6
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  6. Article ; Online: Age-related appearance of lamellar structures in lens capsule of cataractous eyes and its pathological significance.

    Hirata, Akira / Mine, Keiko / Hayashi, Ken

    Journal of cataract and refractive surgery

    2022  Volume 48, Issue 7, Page(s) 844–849

    Abstract: Purpose: To determine morphological changes in the lens capsule with aging.: Setting: Hayashi Eye Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.: Design: Cross-sectional study.: Methods: 25 eyes from the older patient group (aged 80 years or older) and 25 eyes from ...

    Abstract Purpose: To determine morphological changes in the lens capsule with aging.
    Setting: Hayashi Eye Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
    Design: Cross-sectional study.
    Methods: 25 eyes from the older patient group (aged 80 years or older) and 25 eyes from the younger patient group (aged 65 years or younger) who were diagnosed with cataract and indicated for surgery were included in the study. After continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis, the anterior lens capsule was collected, immediately fixed, and processed for electron microscopy analysis. Backscattered electron images of the cross-section of the anterior lens capsule were observed under a scanning electron microscope. The ultrastructure of the anterior lens capsule was observed and compared between the groups. Factors associated with the occurrence of the lamellar structure were also identified, with the presence or absence of a lamellar structure as an objective variable and preoperative clinical characteristics as the explanatory variables.
    Results: 50 eyes of 50 patients were included. In the younger patient group, 20 eyes (80%) had a homogeneous lens capsule, whereas 5 eyes had lamellar structures. By contrast, in the older patient group, 5 eyes had homogeneous structures, while the remaining 20 eyes (80%) had lamellar structures. 1 eye showed capsular delamination. The only significant factor for the occurrence of lamellar structures was age group ( P < .01, nominal logistic regression analysis).
    Conclusions: Lamellar structures appear in the anterior capsule during aging. The appearance of lamellar structures indicates fragility of the lens capsule, which may, in turn, lead to capsular delamination or lens dislocation in some cases.
    MeSH term(s) Anterior Capsule of the Lens/pathology ; Capsulorhexis/methods ; Cataract/complications ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Lens Capsule, Crystalline/surgery
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 632744-8
    ISSN 1873-4502 ; 0886-3350
    ISSN (online) 1873-4502
    ISSN 0886-3350
    DOI 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000000967
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  7. Article ; Online: Comparison of long-term astigmatic changes following cataract surgery among types of corneal astigmatism.

    Hayashi, Ken / Sasaki, Hiroshi / Hirata, Akira / Yoshimura, Koichi

    The British journal of ophthalmology

    2022  Volume 107, Issue 7, Page(s) 920–926

    Abstract: Aims: To examine whether long-term corneal astigmatic changes after stabilisation of surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) following cataract surgery differ among eyes having against-the-rule (ATR), with-the-rule (WTR), and oblique astigmatism.: ... ...

    Abstract Aims: To examine whether long-term corneal astigmatic changes after stabilisation of surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) following cataract surgery differ among eyes having against-the-rule (ATR), with-the-rule (WTR), and oblique astigmatism.
    Methods: Anterior corneal astigmatism of 390 eyes in 390 patients (130 eyes each having ATR, WTR and oblique astigmatism) who underwent phacoemulsification with a horizontal clear corneal or scleral incision and 390 eyes in 390 control patients without surgery were examined using an auto-keratometer on the day that SIA stabilised (baseline) and at ≥8 years post baseline. Changes in corneal astigmatism during the ≥8 years post baseline were decomposed to vertical/horizontal (Rx) and oblique astigmatism components (Ry), and compared among baseline types of astigmatism and between eyes with and without surgery.
    Results: The mean corneal astigmatic changes (Rx and Ry) showed an ATR shift of 0.2-0.3 D during the ≥8 years post baseline, which did not differ significantly among the ATR, WTR and oblique astigmatism groups in eyes with and without surgery. In the ATR, WTR and oblique groups, the mean Rx and Ry did not differ significantly between eyes with and without surgery. Double angle plots revealed an equivalent degree of ATR change in the ATR, WTR and oblique groups between eyes with and without surgery.
    Conclusion: Long-term corneal astigmatic changes towards ATR astigmatism occurred to a similar extent in eyes having ATR, WTR, oblique astigmatism and were comparable between eyes with and without surgery, suggesting that astigmatism type need not be considered when planning astigmatism correction.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Astigmatism/etiology ; Astigmatism/surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Cataract Extraction ; Phacoemulsification ; Cornea/surgery ; Corneal Diseases/surgery ; Cataract/complications ; Corneal Topography
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80078-8
    ISSN 1468-2079 ; 0007-1161
    ISSN (online) 1468-2079
    ISSN 0007-1161
    DOI 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-321026
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  8. Article ; Online: Contractility of temporal inverted internal limiting membrane flap after vitrectomy for macular hole.

    Hirata, Akira / Mine, Keiko / Hayashi, Ken

    Scientific reports

    2021  Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 20035

    Abstract: We investigated the postoperative visual outcomes and morphological changes of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap, in patients who underwent the temporal inverted ILM flap technique for macular hole (MH). Between August 2018 and February 2020, 22 ... ...

    Abstract We investigated the postoperative visual outcomes and morphological changes of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap, in patients who underwent the temporal inverted ILM flap technique for macular hole (MH). Between August 2018 and February 2020, 22 eyes of 22 patients with idiopathic or myopic MH who underwent vitrectomy with ILM flap were included in this study and followed-up for more than 6 months. Postoperative MH status, comparison of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before and 6 months after surgery, changes in the ILM flap area at 1 and 6 months postoperatively, and the factors related to changes in ILM flap size, were analyzed. MH closure was achieved in all of the patients. The BCVA at 6 months postoperatively (0.18 ± 0.15) was significantly better than the preoperative BCVA of 0.63 ± 0.37 (P < 0.001, paired t test). The area of the ILM flap decreased significantly from 3.25 ± 1.27 mm
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Basement Membrane/pathology ; Basement Membrane/surgery ; Epiretinal Membrane/pathology ; Epiretinal Membrane/surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myopia/complications ; Prospective Studies ; Reoperation ; Retinal Detachment/etiology ; Retinal Detachment/pathology ; Retinal Detachment/surgery ; Retinal Perforations/etiology ; Retinal Perforations/pathology ; Retinal Perforations/surgery ; Surgical Flaps/pathology ; Surgical Flaps/surgery ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy/adverse effects
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Observational Study ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-021-99509-0
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  9. Article: Eccrine Hidrocystoma Arising at the Tarsal Plate during Childhood.

    Hirata, Akira

    Case reports in ophthalmology

    2013  Volume 4, Issue 2, Page(s) 61–63

    Abstract: A 2-year-old boy with an upper-eyelid tumor in his right eye underwent complete resection. Pathological examination showed that the tumor was composed of a thin wall, lined by a single cuboidal epithelium, and contained a transparent liquid. The ... ...

    Abstract A 2-year-old boy with an upper-eyelid tumor in his right eye underwent complete resection. Pathological examination showed that the tumor was composed of a thin wall, lined by a single cuboidal epithelium, and contained a transparent liquid. The epithelium of the tumor wall did not display decapitation and the tumor was diagnosed as eccrine hidrocystoma. After resection, obvious improvement of the tumor-caused blepharoptosis was observed and the visual acuity of the patient recovered.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-07-25
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2577666-6
    ISSN 1663-2699
    ISSN 1663-2699
    DOI 10.1159/000354139
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  10. Article ; Online: Pupillary light response after cataract surgery in healthy patients.

    Hayashi, Ken / Yoshida, Motoaki / Ishiyama, Sosuke / Hirata, Akira

    Japanese journal of ophthalmology

    2021  Volume 65, Issue 5, Page(s) 616–623

    Abstract: Purpose: To examine the changes in the pupillary light response after phacoemulsification and to compare the difference in the response among patients in different age categories.: Study design: Prospective observational study.: Methods: Four- ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: To examine the changes in the pupillary light response after phacoemulsification and to compare the difference in the response among patients in different age categories.
    Study design: Prospective observational study.
    Methods: Four-hundred twenty-two eyes of 422 patients in 3 age categories (60-69 years, 70-79 years, and 80-89 years) scheduled for phacoemulsification were consecutively enrolled. The eyes underwent examinations with an infrared pupillometer to obtain the parameters of the pupillary light response preoperatively and at 1 day and 1 and 3 months postoperatively. Differences in the parameters of the pupillary response were compared among 4 time intervals and the 3 age categories.
    Results: The mean maximum and minimum pupillary diameters significantly decreased at 1 day postoperatively and returned to the preoperative level by 1 month postoperatively (P<.0001). The mean percentage of pupillary constriction was significantly reduced at 1 and 3 months postoperatively compared with preoperatively and at 1 day postoperatively (P<.0001). The average pupillary constriction and dilation velocities were significantly lower at 1 and 3 months postoperatively than they were preoperatively and at 1 day postoperatively (P<.0001). The latency to constriction did not differ significantly among the time intervals. The percentage of pupillary constriction was significantly smaller, and the average constriction and dilation velocities were lower in association with higher age categories at all time intervals (P≤.0185).
    Conclusion: The pupillary light response was impaired several months after cataract surgery and worsened with increasing patient age, indicating that cataract surgery may compromise the pupillary constriction and dilation functions in association with age.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Cataract/complications ; Cataract Extraction ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Phacoemulsification ; Prospective Studies ; Pupil
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-11
    Publishing country Japan
    Document type Journal Article ; Observational Study
    ZDB-ID 82032-5
    ISSN 1613-2246 ; 0021-5155
    ISSN (online) 1613-2246
    ISSN 0021-5155
    DOI 10.1007/s10384-021-00837-5
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