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  1. Article ; Online: Cytoskeletons in neuronal development

    Hiroki Akiyama / Shin-ichi Sakakibara

    Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, Vol 5, Iss 2, Pp 131-

    2016  Volume 142

    Abstract: Neuronal networks in our brain and body are fundamental for sensation, behavior, and all other functions based on neuronal activity. To construct precisely wired networks, the development of neurons is tightly controlled. During development, neurons must ...

    Abstract Neuronal networks in our brain and body are fundamental for sensation, behavior, and all other functions based on neuronal activity. To construct precisely wired networks, the development of neurons is tightly controlled. During development, neurons must alter their shape so as to be able to migrate toward the destination from their origin and to make contact, called a synapse, with a defined target a certain distance away from them. Like the skeleton in our body, neurons have a cytoskeleton to maintain their shape. The cytoskeleton not only supports this shape, but also helps regulate the motility of neurons; and in this regard, the cytoskeleton is comparable to muscle. Therefore, orchestrating the reorganization of the cytoskeleton is of great importance in allowing extensive changes in neuronal morphology during development. In this review, we highlight the crucial roles of the cytoskeleton and associated proteins in each phase of neuronal development, including neurogenesis, neuronal migration, neurite genesis and growth, and synapse formation.
    Keywords cytoskeleton ; actin filament ; microtubule ; neuronal development ; Sports medicine ; RC1200-1245 ; Physiology ; QP1-981
    Subject code 612
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Drp1 SUMO/deSUMOylation by Senp5 isoforms influences ER tubulation and mitochondrial dynamics to regulate brain development

    Seiya Yamada / Ayaka Sato / Naotada Ishihara / Hiroki Akiyama / Shin-ichi Sakakibara

    iScience, Vol 24, Iss 12, Pp 103484- (2021)

    2021  

    Abstract: Summary: Brain development is a highly orchestrated process requiring spatiotemporally regulated mitochondrial dynamics. Drp1, a key molecule in the mitochondrial fission machinery, undergoes various post-translational modifications including conjugation ...

    Abstract Summary: Brain development is a highly orchestrated process requiring spatiotemporally regulated mitochondrial dynamics. Drp1, a key molecule in the mitochondrial fission machinery, undergoes various post-translational modifications including conjugation to the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO). However, the functional significance of SUMOylation/deSUMOylation on Drp1 remains controversial. SUMO-specific protease 5 (Senp5L) catalyzes the deSUMOylation of Drp1. We revealed that a splicing variant of Senp5L, Senp5S, which lacks peptidase activity, prevents deSUMOylation of Drp1 by competing against other Senps. The altered SUMOylation level of Drp1 induced by Senp5L/5S affects mitochondrial morphology probably through controlling Drp1 ubiquitination and tubulation of the endoplasmic reticulum. A dynamic SUMOylation/deSUMOylation balance controls neuronal polarization and migration during the development of the cerebral cortex. These findings suggest a novel role of post-translational modification, in which deSUMOylation enzyme isoforms competitively regulate mitochondrial dynamics via Drp1 SUMOylation levels, in a tightly controlled process of neuronal differentiation and corticogenesis.
    Keywords Cellular neuroscience ; Molecular neuroscience ; Molecular physiology ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: The enzymatic activity of inositol hexakisphosphate kinase controls circulating phosphate in mammals

    Yusuke Moritoh / Shin-ichi Abe / Hiroki Akiyama / Akihiro Kobayashi / Ryokichi Koyama / Ryoma Hara / Shizuo Kasai / Masanori Watanabe

    Nature Communications, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2021  Volume 15

    Abstract: Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase (IP6K) is involved in diverse cellular signalling pathways, but the physiological roles of IP6K in vivo remain unknown in mammals. Here, the authors show that the enzymatic activity of IP6K is essential for phosphate ... ...

    Abstract Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase (IP6K) is involved in diverse cellular signalling pathways, but the physiological roles of IP6K in vivo remain unknown in mammals. Here, the authors show that the enzymatic activity of IP6K is essential for phosphate regulation in vivo.
    Keywords Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor Type 3 Regulates Neuronal Growth Cone Sensitivity to Guidance Signals

    Carmen Chan / Noriko Ooashi / Hiroki Akiyama / Tetsuko Fukuda / Mariko Inoue / Toru Matsu-ura / Tomomi Shimogori / Katsuhiko Mikoshiba / Hiroyuki Kamiguchi

    iScience, Vol 23, Iss 3, Pp - (2020)

    2020  

    Abstract: Summary: During neurodevelopment, the growth cone deciphers directional information from extracellular guidance cues presented as shallow concentration gradients via signal amplification. However, it remains unclear how the growth cone controls this ... ...

    Abstract Summary: During neurodevelopment, the growth cone deciphers directional information from extracellular guidance cues presented as shallow concentration gradients via signal amplification. However, it remains unclear how the growth cone controls this amplification process during its navigation through an environment in which basal cue concentrations vary widely. Here, we identified inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor type 3 as a regulator of axonal sensitivity to guidance cues in vitro and in vivo. Growth cones lacking the type 3 subunit are hypersensitive to nerve growth factor (NGF), an IP3-dependent attractive cue, and incapable of turning toward normal concentration ranges of NGF to which wild-type growth cones respond. This is due to globally, but not asymmetrically, activated Ca2+ signaling in the hypersensitive growth cones. Remarkably, lower NGF concentrations can polarize growth cones for turning if IP3 receptor type 3 is deficient. These data suggest a subtype-specific IP3 receptor function in sensitivity adjustment during axon navigation. : Biological Sciences; Neuroscience; Molecular Neuroscience; Cellular Neuroscience Subject Areas: Biological Sciences, Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience, Cellular Neuroscience
    Keywords Science ; Q
    Subject code 612
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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