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  1. Article ; Online: Three-dimensional motion control of an untethered magnetic object using three rotating permanent magnets

    Hiroshi Sakuma

    Scientific Reports, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2023  Volume 8

    Abstract: Abstract Magnetic motion control has been actively studied mainly for the purpose of biomedical applications. However, in many cases, many actuator magnets surround a small magnet to be moved, and they consume large electric power. In some cases, complex ...

    Abstract Abstract Magnetic motion control has been actively studied mainly for the purpose of biomedical applications. However, in many cases, many actuator magnets surround a small magnet to be moved, and they consume large electric power. In some cases, complex calculations are required to estimate the control input of the actuator magnets. This study proposes a simple method to move a small magnet to the desired positions. For this, three cylindrical permanent magnets magnetized in the radial direction were positioned as the sides of a triangle; these actuator magnets were rotated using motors. By monitoring the position of the small magnet and through simple feedback control based on the angles of the three actuator magnets, the untethered small magnet could be moved along arbitrary three-dimensional (3D) paths. The control principle was established by calculating the magnetic force and torque acting on the small magnet for some sets of actuator-magnet angles.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 600 ; 629
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Immersive role-playing with avatars leads to adoption of others’ personalities

    Hiroshi Sakuma / Hideyuki Takahashi / Kohei Ogawa / Hiroshi Ishiguro

    Frontiers in Virtual Reality, Vol

    2023  Volume 4

    Abstract: In modern society, where nations and even individuals are divided, building bridges between people of different personalities and backgrounds is essential to achieve harmonious coexistence. In recent years, research has been conducted on the use of ... ...

    Abstract In modern society, where nations and even individuals are divided, building bridges between people of different personalities and backgrounds is essential to achieve harmonious coexistence. In recent years, research has been conducted on the use of technologies to bridge this gap. In this study, the effectiveness of using immersive virtual reality (IVR) technology to play the role of a stranger in helping people learn about and empathize with others was investigated. Specifically, participants were asked to role-play a first-time stranger in an IVR environment after being given prior information about the stranger via a preparatory video. The effects of role-playing between acting as a target stranger through his or her avatar in an immersive environment, acting through a different avatar in an immersive environment, and acting through his or her avatars in a non-immersive interface were compared. The results showed that using IVR technology with an exact avatar to play the target person was found to have the greatest effect on the participants’ personalities and thoughts as well as increasing their empathy for that individual. This finding suggests that IVR technology may be an effective tool for bridging the gap between people from different backgrounds.
    Keywords avatar ; personality ; adoption ; virtual reality ; role-play ; third-person perspective ; Electronic computers. Computer science ; QA75.5-76.95
    Subject code 150
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Direct effect of 2‐palmitoyl glycerol on promotion of gamma aminobutyric acid synthesis in normal human fetal‐derived astrocytes

    Misato Tsuboi / Yoshitaka Nakamura / Hiroshi Sakuma

    FEBS Open Bio, Vol 13, Iss 7, Pp 1320-

    2023  Volume 1332

    Abstract: Breast milk contains constituents, such as 1,3‐dioleoyl‐2‐palmitoylglycerol (OPO), that are beneficial for infants. Herein, we hypothesized that 2‐palmitoyl glycerol (2‐PG), a derivative of OPO, is advantageous to infants' development. Gamma aminobutyric ...

    Abstract Breast milk contains constituents, such as 1,3‐dioleoyl‐2‐palmitoylglycerol (OPO), that are beneficial for infants. Herein, we hypothesized that 2‐palmitoyl glycerol (2‐PG), a derivative of OPO, is advantageous to infants' development. Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a major neurotransmitter involved in neural development. Although GABA is generally known to be produced in neurons, astrocytes can also produce it in immature brains. In this study, we used expression analysis techniques to show that 2‐PG upregulates the mRNA and protein expression of glutamate decarboxylases (GAD1 and GAD2) in normal human fetal‐derived astrocytes. Our data suggest that 2‐PG promotes GABA synthesis in astrocytes, which may contribute to brain development because GABA is involved in neural development in the developing brain. This may help to elucidate the mechanism by which breast milk affects infant brain development.
    Keywords 1,3‐dioleoyl‐2‐palmitoylglycerol ; astrocytes ; brain development ; breast milk ; gamma aminobutyric acid metabolism ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Wiley
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Friction in clay-bearing faults increases with the ionic radius of interlayer cations

    Hiroshi Sakuma / David A. Lockner / John Solum / Nicholas C. Davatzes

    Communications Earth & Environment, Vol 3, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2022  Volume 8

    Abstract: Shear strength of smectite clays depends on the size of the interlayer cation suggest lab-based experiments and theoretical calculations. Whereas sodium ions fit within exchange site cavities, larger potassium ions do not and enhance friction. ...

    Abstract Shear strength of smectite clays depends on the size of the interlayer cation suggest lab-based experiments and theoretical calculations. Whereas sodium ions fit within exchange site cavities, larger potassium ions do not and enhance friction.
    Keywords Geology ; QE1-996.5 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Neurocritical care and target immunotherapy for febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome

    Hiroshi Sakuma / Asako Horino / Ichiro Kuki

    Biomedical Journal, Vol 43, Iss 3, Pp 205-

    2020  Volume 210

    Abstract: Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) is an intractable neurological disease characterized by an unexplained refractory status epilepticus triggered by febrile infection. A Consensus definition of FIRES was proposed in 2018, and its ... ...

    Abstract Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) is an intractable neurological disease characterized by an unexplained refractory status epilepticus triggered by febrile infection. A Consensus definition of FIRES was proposed in 2018, and its clinical features and prognosis are gradually being clarified. However, the development of effective treatments has been hindered as the etiology of this rare disease is as yet unelucidated. The basic approach to the management of FIRES, like other forms of epilepsy, is based on the control of seizures, however seizures are extremely intractable and require intravenous administration of large doses of anticonvulsants, mainly barbiturates. This treatment strategy produces various complications including respiratory depression and drug hypersensitivity syndrome, which make it more difficult to control seizures. Consequently, it is crucial to predict these events and to formulate a planned treatment strategy. As well, it is important to grow out of conventional treatment strategies that rely on only anticonvulsants, and alternative therapies are gradually being developed. One such example is the adoption of a ketogenic diet which may lead to reduced convulsions as well as improve intellectual prognosis. Further, overproduction of inflammatory cytokines in the central nervous system has been shown to be strongly related to the pathology of FIRES which has led to attempts at immunomodulation therapy including anti-cytokine therapy.
    Keywords Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) ; New-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) ; Burst-suppression coma ; Ketogenic diet ; Anti-cytokine therapy ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Effects of humidity and interlayer cations on the frictional strength of montmorillonite

    Hiroshi Tetsuka / Ikuo Katayama / Hiroshi Sakuma / Kenji Tamura

    Earth, Planets and Space, Vol 70, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2018  Volume 9

    Abstract: Abstract We developed a humidity control system in a biaxial friction testing machine to investigate the effect of relative humidity and interlayer cations on the frictional strength of montmorillonite. We carried out the frictional experiments on Na- ... ...

    Abstract Abstract We developed a humidity control system in a biaxial friction testing machine to investigate the effect of relative humidity and interlayer cations on the frictional strength of montmorillonite. We carried out the frictional experiments on Na- and Ca-montmorillonite under controlled relative humidities (ca. 10, 30, 50, 70, and 90%) and at a constant temperature (95 °C). Our experimental results show that frictional strengths of both Na- and Ca-montmorillonite decrease systematically with increasing relative humidity. The friction coefficients of Na-montmorillonite decrease from 0.33 (at relative humidity of 10%) to 0.06 (at relative humidity of 93%) and those of Ca-montmorillonite decrease from 0.22 (at relative humidity of 11%) to 0.04 (at relative humidity of 91%). Our results also show that the frictional strength of Na-montmorillonite is higher than that of Ca-montmorillonite at a given relative humidity. These results reveal that the frictional strength of montmorillonite is sensitive to hydration state and interlayer cation species, suggesting that the strength of faults containing these clay minerals depends on the physical and chemical environment.
    Keywords Smectite ; Hydration ; Relative humidity ; Interlayer cation ; Friction experiment ; Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ; G ; Geodesy ; QB275-343 ; Geology ; QE1-996.5
    Subject code 690
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher SpringerOpen
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Semiarid climate and hyposaline lake on early Mars inferred from reconstructed water chemistry at Gale

    Keisuke Fukushi / Yasuhito Sekine / Hiroshi Sakuma / Koki Morida / Robin Wordsworth

    Nature Communications, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2019  Volume 11

    Abstract: Gale Crater on Mars has been demonstrated to have once hosted water, but its chemistry is still under debate. Here the authors use mineralogical rock compositions and show the once saline character of Gale Crater—a result of warmer climate periods during ...

    Abstract Gale Crater on Mars has been demonstrated to have once hosted water, but its chemistry is still under debate. Here the authors use mineralogical rock compositions and show the once saline character of Gale Crater—a result of warmer climate periods during the Hesperian period.
    Keywords Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Semiarid climate and hyposaline lake on early Mars inferred from reconstructed water chemistry at Gale

    Keisuke Fukushi / Yasuhito Sekine / Hiroshi Sakuma / Koki Morida / Robin Wordsworth

    Nature Communications, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2019  Volume 11

    Abstract: Gale Crater on Mars has been demonstrated to have once hosted water, but its chemistry is still under debate. Here the authors use mineralogical rock compositions and show the once saline character of Gale Crater—a result of warmer climate periods during ...

    Abstract Gale Crater on Mars has been demonstrated to have once hosted water, but its chemistry is still under debate. Here the authors use mineralogical rock compositions and show the once saline character of Gale Crater—a result of warmer climate periods during the Hesperian period.
    Keywords Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Nonsmoking after simultaneous alcohol abstinence and smoking cessation program was associated with better drinking status outcome in Japanese alcohol-dependent men

    Akira Yokoyama / Mitsuru Kimura / Atsushi Yoshimura / Sachio Matsushita / Junichi Yoneda / Hitoshi Maesato / Yasunobu Komoto / Hideki Nakayama / Hiroshi Sakuma / Yosuke Yumoto / Tsuyoshi Takimura / Tomomi Toyama / Chie Iwahara / Takeshi Mizukami / Tetsuji Yokoyama / Susumu Higuchi

    PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss 3, p e

    A prospective follow-up study.

    2023  Volume 0282992

    Abstract: Background Growing evidence suggests that intervention for smoking cessation enhances alcohol abstinence in treatment settings for alcohol dependence. However, research in this field is rare in Asians. Method We prospectively investigated the association ...

    Abstract Background Growing evidence suggests that intervention for smoking cessation enhances alcohol abstinence in treatment settings for alcohol dependence. However, research in this field is rare in Asians. Method We prospectively investigated the association of smoking status with drinking status using 9 surveys mailed during a 12-month period in 198 Japanese alcohol-dependent men (70 never/ex-smokers and 128 smokers) who admitted for the first time and completed a 3-month inpatient program for simultaneous alcohol abstinence and smoking cessation. Results Nonsmoking during the first month after discharge and at the end of follow-up was reported in 28.9% and 25.0% of the baseline smokers, respectively. Kaplan-Meier estimates showed that a 12-month alcohol abstinence and heavy-drinking-free status were more frequent among never/ex-smokers (45.1% and 59.8%, respectively) and baseline smokers who quit smoking during the first month after discharge (59.0% and 60.8%, respectively), compared with sustained smokers (30.0% and 41.2%, respectively). Among the baseline smokers, the multivariate odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for smoking cessation during the first month were 2.77 (1.01-7.61) for alcohol abstinence during the period and 2.50 (1.00-6.25) for use of varenicline, a smoking cessation agent, during the inpatient program. After adjusting for age, drinking profile, lifestyle, family history of heavy or problem drinking, lifetime episodes of other major psychiatric disorders, and medications at discharge, the multivariate hazard ratios (HRs) for drinking lapse were 0.57 (0.37-0.89) for the never/ex-smoking and 0.41 (0.23-0.75) for new smoking cessation groups, respectively, compared with sustained smoking, while the corresponding HRs for heavy-drinking lapse were 0.55 (0.33-0.90) and 0.47 (0.25-0.88), respectively. The HR for drinking lapse was 0.63 (0.42-0.95) for the nonsmoking group (vs. smoking) during the observation period, while the HR for heavy-drinking lapse was 0.58 (0.37-0.91) for the nonsmoking group ...
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Genetic Profiling of Malignant Melanoma Arising from an Ovarian Mature Cystic Teratoma

    Kohei Nakamura / Eriko Aimono / Reika Takamatsu / Shigeki Tanishima / Tomonari Tohyama / Katsutoshi Sasano / Hiroshi Sakuma / Hiroshi Nishihara

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 5, p

    A Case Report

    2021  Volume 2436

    Abstract: Ovarian mature cystic teratomas comprise tissues derived from all three germ layers. In rare cases, malignant tumors arise from ovarian mature cystic teratoma. A variety of tumors can arise from mature cystic teratoma, among which primary malignant ... ...

    Abstract Ovarian mature cystic teratomas comprise tissues derived from all three germ layers. In rare cases, malignant tumors arise from ovarian mature cystic teratoma. A variety of tumors can arise from mature cystic teratoma, among which primary malignant melanoma (MM), for which no molecular analyses such as genomic sequencing have been reported to date, is exceedingly rare, thereby limiting possible therapeutic options using precision medicine. We used targeted gene sequencing to analyze the status of 160 cancer-related genes in a patient with MM arising from an ovarian mature cystic teratoma (MM-MCT). KRAS amplification and homozygous deletion in PTEN and RB1 were detected in tumor samples collected from the patient. No KRAS amplification has been previously reported in cutaneous MM, indicating that the carcinogenesis of MM-MCT differs from that of primary cutaneous melanomas. A better understanding of the underlying genetic mechanisms will help clarify the carcinogenesis of MM-MCT. In turn, this will enable treatment with novel targeting agents as well as the initial exploration of gene-based precision oncological therapies, which aim to improve treatment outcomes for patients with this disease.
    Keywords malignant melanoma ; mature cystic teratoma ; genome sequencing ; precision medicine ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
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