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  1. Book: Nutrition and epigenetics

    Ho, Emily

    (Oxidative stress and disease ; 35)

    2015  

    Abstract: This book covers new information on the action of diet and nutritional determinants in regulating the epigenetic control of gene expression in health and disease. There are seven sections, and each section comprises a number of focused reviews on a ... ...

    Author's details ed. by Emily Ho
    Series title Oxidative stress and disease ; 35
    Collection
    Abstract "This book covers new information on the action of diet and nutritional determinants in regulating the epigenetic control of gene expression in health and disease. There are seven sections, and each section comprises a number of focused reviews on a given theme. This book is a resource to basic scientists and clinical researchers interested in nutrition, aging, and metabolic diseases"--Provided by publisher
    Keywords Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / genetics ; Epigenomics
    Language English
    Size XIX, 404 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Publisher CRC Press
    Publishing place Boca Raton u.a.
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Book
    Note Includes bibliographical references and index
    HBZ-ID HT018391362
    ISBN 978-1-4822-0381-3 ; 1-4822-0381-2
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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  2. Article ; Online: Catalytic activity of OGG1 is impaired by Zinc deficiency.

    Sharma, Priyanka / Wong, Carmen P / Ho, Emily / Sampath, Harini

    DNA repair

    2024  Volume 134, Page(s) 103628

    Abstract: Oxidative stress-induced DNA base modifications, if unrepaired, can increase mutagenesis and genomic instability, ultimately leading to cell death. Cells predominantly use the base excision repair (BER) pathway to repair oxidatively-induced non-helix ... ...

    Abstract Oxidative stress-induced DNA base modifications, if unrepaired, can increase mutagenesis and genomic instability, ultimately leading to cell death. Cells predominantly use the base excision repair (BER) pathway to repair oxidatively-induced non-helix distorting lesions. BER is initiated by DNA glycosylases, such as 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1), which repairs oxidatively modified guanine bases, including 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) and ring-opened formamidopyrimidine lesions, 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine (FapyG). The OGG1 protein contains a C2H2 zinc (Zn) finger DNA binding domain. However, the impact of dietary Zn deficiency on OGG1 catalytic activity has not been extensively studied. Zn is a common nutrient of concern with increasing age, and the prevalence of oxidative DNA damage is also concurrently increased during aging. Thus, understanding the potential regulation of OGG1 activity by Zn is clinically relevant. The present study investigates the impact of a range of Zn statuses, varying from severe Zn deficiency to exogenous Zn-supplementation, in the context of young and aged animals to determine the impact of dietary Zn-status on OGG1 activity and oxidative DNA damage in mice. Our findings suggest that nutritional Zn deficiency impairs OGG1 activity and function, without altering gene expression, and that aging further exacerbates these effects. These results have important implications for nutritional management of Zn during aging to mitigate age-associated DNA damage.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Mice ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA Damage ; DNA Glycosylases/metabolism ; DNA Repair ; Oxidative Stress ; Zinc
    Chemical Substances DNA (9007-49-2) ; DNA Glycosylases (EC 3.2.2.-) ; Zinc (J41CSQ7QDS) ; 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine ; 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine (133310-38-0) ; Ogg1 protein, mouse (EC 3.2.2.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-10
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2071608-4
    ISSN 1568-7856 ; 1568-7864
    ISSN (online) 1568-7856
    ISSN 1568-7864
    DOI 10.1016/j.dnarep.2024.103628
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: The wisdom of many in few: Finding individuals who are as wise as the crowd.

    Himmelstein, Mark / Budescu, David V / Ho, Emily H

    Journal of experimental psychology. General

    2023  Volume 152, Issue 5, Page(s) 1223–1244

    Abstract: Is forecasting ability a stable trait? While domain knowledge and reasoning abilities are necessary for making accurate forecasts, research shows that knowing how accurate forecasters have been in the past is the best predictor of future accuracy. ... ...

    Abstract Is forecasting ability a stable trait? While domain knowledge and reasoning abilities are necessary for making accurate forecasts, research shows that knowing how accurate forecasters have been in the past is the best predictor of future accuracy. However, unlike the measurement of other traits, evaluating forecasting skill requires substantial time investment. Forecasters must make predictions about events that may not resolve for many days, weeks, months, or even years into the future before their accuracy can be estimated. Our work builds upon methods such as cultural consensus theory and proxy scoring rules to show talented forecasters can be discriminated in real time, without requiring any event resolutions. We define a peer similarity-based
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Problem Solving ; Forecasting ; Motivation ; Peer Group
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 189732-9
    ISSN 1939-2222 ; 0096-3445
    ISSN (online) 1939-2222
    ISSN 0096-3445
    DOI 10.1037/xge0001340
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Hedgehog signaling and the primary cilium: implications for spatial and temporal constraints on signaling.

    Ho, Emily K / Stearns, Tim

    Development (Cambridge, England)

    2021  Volume 148, Issue 9

    Abstract: The mechanisms of vertebrate Hedgehog signaling are linked to the biology of the primary cilium, an antenna-like organelle that projects from the surface of most vertebrate cell types. Although the advantages of restricting signal transduction to cilia ... ...

    Abstract The mechanisms of vertebrate Hedgehog signaling are linked to the biology of the primary cilium, an antenna-like organelle that projects from the surface of most vertebrate cell types. Although the advantages of restricting signal transduction to cilia are often noted, the constraints imposed are less frequently considered, and yet they are central to how Hedgehog signaling operates in developing tissues. In this Review, we synthesize current understanding of Hedgehog signal transduction, ligand secretion and transport, and cilia dynamics to explore the temporal and spatial constraints imposed by the primary cilium on Hedgehog signaling in vivo.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Proliferation ; Cilia/metabolism ; Hedgehog Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; Signal Transduction/physiology ; Vertebrates
    Chemical Substances Hedgehog Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
    ZDB-ID 90607-4
    ISSN 1477-9129 ; 0950-1991
    ISSN (online) 1477-9129
    ISSN 0950-1991
    DOI 10.1242/dev.195552
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Patient reported outcomes in brachial plexus birth injury: results from the iPLUTO world-wide consensus survey.

    Brown, Hazel / van der Looven, Ruth / Ho, Emily S / Pondaag, Willem

    Disability and rehabilitation

    2024  , Page(s) 1–7

    Abstract: Purpose: Brachial plexus birth injuries (BPBI) can have lifelong effects on the development and functional use of the upper extremity. Currently there is no agreement with regards to what patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures should be used. Therefore, ...

    Abstract Purpose: Brachial plexus birth injuries (BPBI) can have lifelong effects on the development and functional use of the upper extremity. Currently there is no agreement with regards to what patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures should be used. Therefore, the ability to compare the effects of treatment between individuals and institutions is challenging. This study aimed to achieve consensus among clinicians on the use of PRO measures within this patient group to allow for improved comparison of treatments and outcomes in the future.
    Materials and methods: Online, a 3 round Delphi survey was completed by 35 international multi-disciplinary specialist centers.
    Results: All respondents (100%) agreed that PRO measures are useful for clinical evaluation and patient treatment. None of the outcome measures scored >75% agreement for ability to assess responsiveness and current state in children with BPBI as most outcome measures were judged as not specific for BPBI. Additionally, participant centers were asked their perspective on the best available PRO option for each of the 3 categories: functional use of the upper limb, quality of life and pain. This resulted in endorsement by the participant centers of the Brachial Plexus Outcome Measure - Self-Evaluation, the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, and Visual Analogue Scale/Brief Pain Inventory respectively.
    Conclusion: International specialists in BPBI agree that PRO measures are important to use both clinically and in research in children aged 5 years and above.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1104775-6
    ISSN 1464-5165 ; 0963-8288
    ISSN (online) 1464-5165
    ISSN 0963-8288
    DOI 10.1080/09638288.2023.2298708
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Elucidating children's understanding of brachial plexus birth injury.

    Goldsand, Michelle / Lai, Kathleen / Davidge, Kristen / Ho, Emily S

    Journal of child health care : for professionals working with children in the hospital and community

    2023  , Page(s) 13674935231183743

    Abstract: Facilitating children's understanding of their medical condition can improve health outcomes and psychosocial well-being. To inform how medical information is delivered, an interpretive qualitative approach was used to explore children's understanding of ...

    Abstract Facilitating children's understanding of their medical condition can improve health outcomes and psychosocial well-being. To inform how medical information is delivered, an interpretive qualitative approach was used to explore children's understanding of their brachial plexus birth injury. In-depth interviews of children with brachial plexus birth injuries (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2299167-0
    ISSN 1741-2889 ; 1367-4935
    ISSN (online) 1741-2889
    ISSN 1367-4935
    DOI 10.1177/13674935231183743
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Evaluating the feasibility of implementing the Sup-ER protocol for infants with brachial plexus birth injury.

    Ho, Emily S / Klar, Karen / Clarke, Howard M / Davidge, Kristen M

    Journal of hand therapy : official journal of the American Society of Hand Therapists

    2023  Volume 37, Issue 1, Page(s) 130–135

    Abstract: Background: The Sup-ER protocol involves a repositioning program for infants with brachial plexus birth injury to position the shoulder in external rotation (ER) to address progressive loss in passive range of motion (PROM). The British Columbia ... ...

    Abstract Background: The Sup-ER protocol involves a repositioning program for infants with brachial plexus birth injury to position the shoulder in external rotation (ER) to address progressive loss in passive range of motion (PROM). The British Columbia Children's Hospital (BCCH) eligibility criteria for this protocol are infants aged 4-8 weeks with decreased shoulder ER PROM and/or Active Movement Scale (AMS) shoulder ER and/or supination scores ≤2. The resources needed to implement this protocol in large clinics have not been studied.
    Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the BCCH criteria that are used to identify appropriate candidates for the Sup-ER protocol.
    Study design: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to identify the percentage of infants who would have been recommended the Sup-ER protocol based on their PROM and AMS scores between 4 and 8 weeks of age.
    Methods: A sensitivity and specificity evaluation was used to describe the BCCH criteria's ability to identify infants in this historical cohort who went on to have incomplete shoulder function (ie, true positive) vs infants who had functional shoulder outcome at 9 months of age (ie, false positive).
    Results: At a mean of 5.8 weeks (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.3, 6.3), 46 of the 87 (53%) infants satisfied the BCCH Sup-ER protocol criteria. Forty-four (51%) were female, half (n = 45) were left side affected, and 88% had upper plexus injury. The BCCH Sup-ER protocol criteria had sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 71% to identify infants with incomplete shoulder function. Removing the AMS supination ≤2 score criterion from the criteria improves the specificity to 84%, while sensitivity remains high (97%).
    Conclusions: Modifying the BCCH criteria to all infants aged 4-8 weeks with AMS shoulder ER ≤2 and/or decreased shoulder ER PROM improves the precision of identifying infants who would benefit from the Sup-ER protocol.
    MeSH term(s) Infant ; Child ; Humans ; Female ; Male ; Brachial Plexus Neuropathies/diagnosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Feasibility Studies ; Birth Injuries ; Shoulder Joint ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Brachial Plexus/injuries ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639284-2
    ISSN 1545-004X ; 0894-1130
    ISSN (online) 1545-004X
    ISSN 0894-1130
    DOI 10.1016/j.jht.2023.08.001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Measuring individual true change with PROMIS using IRT-based plausible values.

    Ho, Emily H / Verkuilen, Jay / Fischer, Felix

    Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation

    2022  Volume 32, Issue 5, Page(s) 1369–1379

    Abstract: Aims: A primary advantage of IRT-based patient-reported outcome measures such as PROMIS short forms and computer-adaptive tests is that each estimate of the latent trait comes with a standard error. Such measurement error needs to be acknowledged, in ... ...

    Abstract Aims: A primary advantage of IRT-based patient-reported outcome measures such as PROMIS short forms and computer-adaptive tests is that each estimate of the latent trait comes with a standard error. Such measurement error needs to be acknowledged, in particular when monitoring individual patients over time. In this study, we use plausible values to account for measurement error and analyze the probability of true within-individual change.
    Methods: We use a longitudinal, observational study of stable and exacerbated COPD patients (N = 185), providing PROMIS Physical Function and Fatigue T-scores over 3 months. At each measurement, we imputed 1000 plausible values from the scores' posterior distribution. These were then used to calculate probability of true change using a pre-specified threshold such as minimally important difference supported by the literature, or [Formula: see text] > 0. We demonstrate assessment of change in individuals and in groups, across different measures (Short Forms and CATs), and at various levels of confidence.
    Results: Using plausible value imputation and with 95% certainty, 47.5% of participants in the exacerbated group reported less fatigue, compared with 26.5% of participants in the stable group. Comparison of Short Forms and CATs suggests that CATs have better ability to detect change compared to short forms. We also illustrate this method using an individual's probability of change at different time points.
    Conclusion: Plausible values offer a flexible way to include measurement error in analysis of individuals and on sample level. Assessment of probability of true change can complement existing distribution-based approaches and facilitates interpretation of improvement or decline.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Quality of Life/psychology ; Patient Reported Outcome Measures
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-25
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Observational Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1161148-0
    ISSN 1573-2649 ; 0962-9343
    ISSN (online) 1573-2649
    ISSN 0962-9343
    DOI 10.1007/s11136-022-03264-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Measuring Multidimensional Aspects of Health in the Oldest Old Using the NIH Toolbox: Results From the ARMADA Study.

    Mather, Molly A / Ho, Emily H / Bedjeti, Katy / Karpouzian-Rogers, Tatiana / Rogalski, Emily J / Gershon, Richard / Weintraub, Sandra

    Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists

    2024  

    Abstract: Objective: The percentage of older adults living into their 80s and beyond is expanding rapidly. Characterization of typical cognitive performance in this population is complicated by a dearth of normative data for the oldest old. Additionally, little ... ...

    Abstract Objective: The percentage of older adults living into their 80s and beyond is expanding rapidly. Characterization of typical cognitive performance in this population is complicated by a dearth of normative data for the oldest old. Additionally, little attention has been paid to other aspects of health, such as motor, sensory, and emotional functioning, that may interact with cognitive changes to predict quality of life and well-being. The current study used the NIH Toolbox (NIHTB) to determine age group differences between persons aged 65-84 and 85+ with normal cognition.
    Method: Participants were recruited in two age bands (i.e., 65-84 and 85+). All participants completed the NIHTB Cognition, Motor, Sensation, and Emotion modules. Independent-samples t-tests determined age group differences with post-hoc adjustments using Bonferroni corrections. All subtest and composite scores were then regressed on age and other demographic covariates.
    Results: The 65-84 group obtained significantly higher scores than the 85+ group across all cognitive measures except oral reading, all motor measures except gait speed, and all sensation measures except pain interference. Age remained a significant predictor after controlling for covariates. Age was not significantly associated with differences in emotion scores.
    Conclusions: Results support the use of the NIHTB in persons over 85 with normal cognition. As expected, fluid reasoning abilities and certain motor and sensory functions decreased with age in the oldest old. Inclusion of motor and sensation batteries is warranted when studying trajectories of aging in the oldest old to allow for multidimensional characterization of health.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632972-x
    ISSN 1873-5843 ; 0887-6177
    ISSN (online) 1873-5843
    ISSN 0887-6177
    DOI 10.1093/arclin/acad105
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Prevalence and predictors of elbow flexion contractures during early childhood following brachial plexus birth injury.

    Ogilvie, Karen M / Mah, Allison M L / Klar, Karen / Anthony, Alison / Davidge, Kristen M / Clarke, Howard M / Ho, Emily S

    Journal of hand therapy : official journal of the American Society of Hand Therapists

    2024  

    Abstract: Background: Elbow flexion contracture development in school-age children with a brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI) is common. Reports indicate onset between 2 and 4 years; however, little is known about early childhood prevalence, development, and ... ...

    Abstract Background: Elbow flexion contracture development in school-age children with a brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI) is common. Reports indicate onset between 2 and 4 years; however, little is known about early childhood prevalence, development, and trajectory of these contractures.
    Purpose: To determine the prevalence and predictors of BPBI elbow flexion contractures during early childhood.
    Study design: A retrospective cross-sectional study.
    Methods: Demographic, diagnostic, treatment, and elbow contracture data were collected for children with a BPBI <4 years between 2015 and 2019 from a prospectively collected database. Spinal root motor contributions and injury were determined using Active Movement Scale (AMS) scores at 6 weeks of age and used to predict contracture development.
    Results: Of the 171 children that met inclusion criteria, 87% (n = 149) had upper plexus injuries. The mean age at the time of evaluation for an elbow contracture was 21.4 ± 12.7 months. The prevalence of elbow flexion contractures was 22% (n = 38), with mean onset at 13.4 ± 11.0 months. Mean contracture degree was -10.8 ± -6.9 degrees with 76% (n = 29) <-10 degrees. AMS shoulder abduction, flexion, and external rotation; elbow flexion; forearm supination; and wrist extension scores at a mean 2.3 ± 1.4 months were significantly lower in children who developed elbow flexion contractures (p < 0.001). Logistic regression found that low AMS elbow flexion with high elbow extension scores were a significant (p < 0.003) predictor of elbow contracture development.
    Conclusions: The prevalence of elbow flexion contractures in early childhood is greater than previously understood. These findings indicate that C5-C6 injury affecting elbow flexion with relative preservation of elbow extension is a predictor of contracture development. Further research is needed to investigate the nature and sequelae of C5-C6 injury and its effects on elbow flexion contracture development.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639284-2
    ISSN 1545-004X ; 0894-1130
    ISSN (online) 1545-004X
    ISSN 0894-1130
    DOI 10.1016/j.jht.2023.09.003
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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