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Article: Biological Activities of Deer Antler-Derived Peptides on Human Chondrocyte and Bone Metabolism.

Ho, Tsung-Jung / Tsai, Wan-Ting / Wu, Jia-Ru / Chen, Hao-Ping

2024 Volume 17, Issue 4

Abstract: Orally administered "tortoiseshell and deer antler gelatin" is a common traditional medicine for patients with osteoporosis or osteoarthritis. From the pepsin-digested gelatin, we previously isolated and identified the osteoblast-stimulating pentapeptide, ...

Abstract	Orally administered "tortoiseshell and deer antler gelatin" is a common traditional medicine for patients with osteoporosis or osteoarthritis. From the pepsin-digested gelatin, we previously isolated and identified the osteoblast-stimulating pentapeptide, TSKYR. Its trypsin digestion products include the dipeptide YR, enhancing calcium ion uptake, and tripeptide TSK, resulting in remarkable 30- and 50-fold increases in mineralized nodule area and density in human osteoblast cells. These peptides were chemically synthesized in this study. The composition of deer antler preparations comprises not only proteins and peptides but also a significant quantity of metal ion salts. By analyzing osteoblast growth in the presence of peptide YR and various metal ions, we observed a synergistic effect of calcium and strontium on the effects of YR. Those peptides could also stimulate the growth of C2C12 skeletal muscle cells and human chondrocytes, increasing collagen and glycosaminoglycan content in a three-dimensional environment. The maintenance of bone homeostasis relies on a balance between osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Deer antler peptides were observed to inhibit osteoclast differentiation, as evidenced by ROS generation, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) activity assays, and gene expression in RAW264.7 cells. In summary, our findings provide a deep understanding of the efficacy of this folk medicine.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-28
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2193542-7
ISSN	1424-8247
ISSN	1424-8247
DOI	10.3390/ph17040434
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Retrospective evaluation of the curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine on dry eye disease.

Su, San-Hua / Ho, Tsung-Jung / Yang, Cheng-Chan

Tzu chi medical journal

2021 Volume 33, Issue 4, Page(s) 365–369

Abstract: Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial illness with an increasingly high global prevalence and multiple risk factors that widely influences patients' daily lives. It is essential to identify treatments with few or no side effects for patients with DED. ...

Abstract	Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial illness with an increasingly high global prevalence and multiple risk factors that widely influences patients' daily lives. It is essential to identify treatments with few or no side effects for patients with DED. We have reviewed studies published from 2001 to 2020 that investigated traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and integrated Chinese and Western medicine for DED treatment. Current Chinese medicines used in DED therapy were categorized into four types, namely anti-oxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, hormone-like agents, and cell-repairing agents. Compound herbs, including Chi-Ju-Di-Huang-Wan and Qiming granule, can effectively alleviate dry eye symptoms. Moreover, patients with DED who were treated with Western medicine combined with TCM experienced significantly magnified therapeutic effects and reasonable costs of treatment. In conclusion, TCM can be a promising approach for treating DED, and combined treatment with TCM and Western drugs may represent a new strategy for improving the curative effect.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-15
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2452925-4
ISSN	2223-8956 ; 2223-8956
ISSN (online)	2223-8956
ISSN	2223-8956
DOI	10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_281_20
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Article ; Online: Protective effects of Jing-Si-herbal-tea in inflammatory cytokines-induced cell injury on normal human lung fibroblast

Wang, Chien-Hao / Yang, Jai-Sing / Chen, Chao-Jung / Su, San-Hua / Yu, Hsin-Yuan / Juan, Yu-Ning / Chiu, Yu-Jen / Ho, Tsung-Jung

Tzu chi medical journal

2024 Volume 36, Issue 2, Page(s) 152–165

Abstract: Objectives: The protective effects and related mechanisms of Jing-Si herbal tea (JSHT) were investigated in cellular damage mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, on normal human lung ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: The protective effects and related mechanisms of Jing-Si herbal tea (JSHT) were investigated in cellular damage mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, on normal human lung fibroblast by multiomic platform analysis. Materials and methods: The Results: In Conclusion: The findings from our research indicate that JSHT holds promise as a therapeutic agent, potentially offering advantageous outcomes in treating virus infections through various mechanisms. Furthermore, the primary bioactive components in JSHT justify extended research in antiviral drug development, especially in the context of addressing coronavirus.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-26
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2452925-4
ISSN	2223-8956 ; 2223-8956
ISSN (online)	2223-8956
ISSN	2223-8956
DOI	10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_267_23
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Article ; Online: Electroacupuncture attenuates inflammatory pain via peripheral cannabinoid receptor type 1 signaling pathway in mice.

Ho, Tsung-Jung / Lin, Ching-Fang / Chen, Jhong-Kuei / Kung, Yen-Lun / Wu, Li-Kung / Chang Chien, Chen-Ying / Huang, Chun-Ping

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 12, Page(s) e0295432

Abstract: Pain is strongly associated with neuro-immune activation. Thus, the emerging role of the endocannabinoid system in neuro-inflammation is important. Acupuncture has been used for over 2500 years and is widely accepted for the management of pain. Our study ...

Abstract	Pain is strongly associated with neuro-immune activation. Thus, the emerging role of the endocannabinoid system in neuro-inflammation is important. Acupuncture has been used for over 2500 years and is widely accepted for the management of pain. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of electroacupuncture on the regulation of cannabinoid receptor type 1 within the peripheral nervous system. Inflammatory pain was induced by injecting Complete Freund's adjuvant to induce mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. Electroacupuncture significantly attenuated the mechanical and thermal sensitivities, and AM251, a cannabinoid receptor type 1 antagonist, eliminated these effects. Dual immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that electroacupuncture elevated expression of cannabinoid receptor type 1, co-localized with Nav 1.8. Furthermore, electroacupuncture significantly reduced levels of Nav 1.8 and COX-2 by western blot analysis, but not vice versa as AM251 treatment. Our data indicate that electroacupuncture mediates antinociceptive effects through peripheral endocannabinoid system signaling pathway and provide evidence that electroacupuncture is beneficial for pain treatment.
MeSH term(s)	Rats ; Mice ; Animals ; Endocannabinoids ; Electroacupuncture ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Pain/metabolism ; Hyperalgesia/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Receptors, Cannabinoid ; Inflammation/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Endocannabinoids ; Receptors, Cannabinoid
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0295432
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Article ; Online: Schisanhenol Attenuates OxLDL-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction via an AMPK-Dependent Mechanism.

Chiu, Tsan-Hung / Ku, Chang-Wen / Ho, Tsung-Jung / Tsai, Kun-Ling / Hsu, Wei-Ching / Chen, Yu-An / Ou, Hsiu-Chung / Chen, Hsiu-I

The American journal of Chinese medicine

2023 Volume 51, Issue 6, Page(s) 1459–1475

Abstract: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, commonly known as the formation of fibrofatty lesions in the artery wall, are the leading causes of death globally. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is one of the major components of atherosclerotic ... ...

Abstract	Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, commonly known as the formation of fibrofatty lesions in the artery wall, are the leading causes of death globally. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is one of the major components of atherosclerotic plaques. It is evident that dietary supplementation containing sources of antioxidants can prevent atherogenic diseases. Schisanhenol (SAL), a dibenzocyclooctene lignin, has been shown to attenuate oxLDL-induced apoptosis and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in endothelial cells. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still largely unknown. In this study, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were pre-treated with SAL and oxLDL. Our results showed that adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation was enhanced in cells pre-treated with SAL in time-dependent and dose-dependent manners. Subsequently, oxLDL-induced AMPK dephosphorylation and protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation were significantly reversed in the presence of SAL. In addition, SAL treatment led to an inhibiting effect on the oxLDL-induced membrane assembly of NADPH oxidase subunits, and a similar effect was observed in ROS generation. This effect was further confirmed using knockdown AMPK with small interfering RNA (siRNA) and pharmaceutical reagents, such as the AMPK activator (AICAR), PKC inhibitor (Gö 6983), and ROS inhibitor (DPI). Furthermore, the oxLDL-induced intracellular calcium rise and the potential collapse of the mitochondrial membrane reduced the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and released cytochrome c from the mitochondria, leading to the subsequent activation of caspase-3 in HUVECs, which were also markedly suppressed by SAL pretreatment. The results mentioned above may provide additional insights into the possible molecular mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular protective effects of SAL.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/metabolism ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; Apoptosis ; Cells, Cultured
Chemical Substances	Reactive Oxygen Species ; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.11.31) ; oxidized low density lipoprotein ; schisanhenol (80Y5907NIW) ; Lipoproteins, LDL
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-29
Publishing country	Singapore
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	193085-0
ISSN	1793-6853 ; 0090-2942 ; 0192-415X
ISSN (online)	1793-6853
ISSN	0090-2942 ; 0192-415X
DOI	10.1142/S0192415X23500660
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Article ; Online: Isolation, Identification, and Characterization of Bioactive Peptides in Human Bone Cells from Tortoiseshell and Deer Antler Gelatin.

Ho, Tsung-Jung / Lin, Jung-Hsing / Lin, Shinn Zong / Tsai, Wan-Ting / Wu, Jia-Ru / Chen, Hao-Ping

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 24, Issue 2

Abstract: Tortoiseshell and deer antler gelatin has been used to treat bone diseases in Chinese society. A pepsin-digested gelatin peptide with osteoblast-proliferation-stimulating properties was identified via LC-MS/MS. The resulting pentapeptide, TSKYR, was ... ...

Abstract	Tortoiseshell and deer antler gelatin has been used to treat bone diseases in Chinese society. A pepsin-digested gelatin peptide with osteoblast-proliferation-stimulating properties was identified via LC-MS/MS. The resulting pentapeptide, TSKYR, was presumably subjected to further degradation into TSKY, TSK, and YR fragments in the small intestine. The above four peptides were chemically synthesized. Treatment of tripeptide TSK can lead to a significant 30- and 50-fold increase in the mineralized nodule area and density in osteoblast cells and a 47.5% increase in the number of chondrocyte cells. The calcium content in tortoiseshell was relatively higher than in human soft tissue. The synergistic effects of calcium ions and the peptides were observed for changes in osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, these peptides can enhance the expression of RUNX2, OCN, FGFR2, and FRFR3 genes in osteoblasts, and aggrecan and collagen type II in chondrocyte (patent pending).
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Animals ; Gelatin/pharmacology ; Gelatin/metabolism ; Antlers/chemistry ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Calcium/metabolism ; Deer ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Peptides/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Gelatin (9000-70-8) ; Calcium (SY7Q814VUP) ; Peptides
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms24021759
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Article ; Online: Schisanhenol ameliorates oxLDL-caused endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting LOX-1 signaling.

Chiu, Tsan-Hung / Ku, Chang-Wen / Ho, Tsung-Jung / Tsai, Kun-Ling / Yang, Yi-Dung / Ou, Hsiu-Chung / Chen, Hsiu-I

Environmental toxicology

2023 Volume 38, Issue 7, Page(s) 1589–1596

Abstract: Atherosclerotic lesions play a critical role in leading cardiovascular diseases. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) is a vital risk factor for atherosclerosis since it acts a crucial role in endothelial dysfunction and foam cell formation. ... ...

Abstract	Atherosclerotic lesions play a critical role in leading cardiovascular diseases. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) is a vital risk factor for atherosclerosis since it acts a crucial role in endothelial dysfunction and foam cell formation. Schisanhenol, a composition extracted from the fruit of Schisandra rubriflora, has been reported to have antioxidative effects on human LDL oxidation. This study investigates whether Schisanhenol protects against oxLDL-mediated endothelial damage by modulating the lectin-like oxLDL receptor-1 (LOX-1)-mediated inflammatory processes. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were pre-treated with 10 or 20 μM Schisanhenol for 2 h and then exposed to 150 μg/mL oxLDL. We revealed that Schisanhenol reduced oxLDL-enhanced LOX-1 expression. We also found that oxLDL down-regulated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) as well as activated inducible NOS (iNOS), thereby enhancing the generation of nitric oxide (NO). Moreover, oxLDL elevated the expression levels of phosphorylated-p38MAPK, subsequently promoting NF-κB-modulated inflammatory responses. Pretreatment with Schisanhenol exerted significant cytoprotective function in all the above-mentioned detrimental events. Results from this present study reveal that Schisanhenol has a potential therapeutic effect on preventing oxLDL-induced endothelial injuries.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Scavenger Receptors, Class E ; Lipoproteins, LDL/pharmacology ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; Atherosclerosis/chemically induced ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured
Chemical Substances	oxidized low density lipoprotein ; schisanhenol (80Y5907NIW) ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Scavenger Receptors, Class E ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III (EC 1.14.13.39)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1463449-1
ISSN	1522-7278 ; 1520-4081
ISSN (online)	1522-7278
ISSN	1520-4081
DOI	10.1002/tox.23788
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Zs.A 2676: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Platycodi radix aqueous extract salvages doxorubicin-induced senescence by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species reduction in umbilical cord matrix stem cells.

Lee, Pei-Ying / Sitorus, Maria Angelina / Kuo, Chia-Hua / Tsai, Bruce Chi-Kang / Kuo, Wei-Wen / Lin, Kuan-Ho / Lu, Shang-Yeh / Lin, Yueh-Min / Ho, Tsung-Jung / Huang, Chih-Yang

Environmental toxicology

2024

Abstract: Platycodi radix is a widely used herbal medicine that contains numerous phytochemicals beneficial to health. The health and biological benefits of P. radix have been found across various diseases. The utilization of umbilical cord stromal stem cells, ... ...

Abstract	Platycodi radix is a widely used herbal medicine that contains numerous phytochemicals beneficial to health. The health and biological benefits of P. radix have been found across various diseases. The utilization of umbilical cord stromal stem cells, derived from Wharton's jelly of the human umbilical cord, has emerged as a promising approach for treating degenerative diseases. Nevertheless, growing evidence indicates that the function of stem cells declines with age, thereby limiting their regenerative capacity. The primary objective in this study is to investigate the beneficial effects of P. radix in senescent stem cells. We conducted experiments to showcase that diminished levels of Lamin B1 and Sox-2, along with an elevation in p21, which serve as indicative markers for the senescent stem cells. Our findings revealed the loss of Lamin B1 and Sox-2, coupled with an increase in p21, in umbilical cord stromal stem cells subjected to a low-dose (0.1 μM) doxorubicin (Dox) stimulation. However, P. radix restored the Dox-damage in the umbilical cord stromal stem cells. P. radix reversed the senescent conditions when the umbilical cord stromal stem cells exposed to Dox-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential are significantly changed. In Dox-challenged aged umbilical cord stromal stem cells, P. radix reduced senescence, increased longevity, prevented mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS and protected against senescence-associated apoptosis. This study suggests that P. radix might be as a therapeutic and rescue agent for the aging effect in stem cells. Inhibition of cell death, mitochondrial dysfunction and aging-associated ROS with P. radix provides additional insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1463449-1
ISSN	1522-7278 ; 1520-4081
ISSN (online)	1522-7278
ISSN	1520-4081
DOI	10.1002/tox.24240
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Zs.A 2676: Show issues

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Article ; Online: A prospective review of the health-promoting potential of Jing Si Herbal Tea.

Ho, Tsung-Jung / Ahmed, Tanvir / Shibu, Marthandam Asokan / Lin, Yu-Jung / Shih, Cheng Yen / Lin, Pi-Yu / Ling, Shinn-Zong / Chiang, Chien-Yi / Kuo, Wei-Wen / Huang, Chih-Yang

Tzu chi medical journal

2024 Volume 36, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–22

Abstract: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has gained considerable attention over the past few years for its multicomponent, multitarget, and multi-pathway approach to treating different diseases. Studies have shown that TCMs as adjuvant therapy along with ... ...

Abstract	Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has gained considerable attention over the past few years for its multicomponent, multitarget, and multi-pathway approach to treating different diseases. Studies have shown that TCMs as adjuvant therapy along with conventional treatment may benefit in safely treating various disorders. However, investigations on finding effective herbal combinations are ongoing. A novel TCM formula, "Jing Si Herbal Tea (JSHT)," has been reported recently for their health-promoting effects in improving overall body and mental health. JSHT is a combination of eight herbs recognized in Chinese herbal pharmacopoeia for their anti-viral, anti-aging, and anti-cancer properties as well as protective effects against cardiovascular, metabolic, neural, digestive, and genitourinary diseases. Thus, to better understand the beneficial effects of the ingredients of JSHT on health, this review intends to summarize the preclinical and clinical studies of the ingredients of JSHT on human health and diseases, and possible therapeutic effects with the related mode of actions and future prospects for their application in complementary therapies.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-12
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2452925-4
ISSN	2223-8956 ; 2223-8956
ISSN (online)	2223-8956
ISSN	2223-8956
DOI	10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_194_23
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Article: Hypoglycemic effects of dracorhodin and dragon blood crude extract from Daemonorops draco.

Ching, Yung-Hao / Lin, Fang-Mei / Chen, Hong-Chi / Hsu, Ching-Yun / P'ng, Sze Yen / Lin, Tai-No / Wang, Yu-Chia / Lin, Cheng-Jun / Chen, Yi-Chi / Ho, Tsung-Jung / Chen, Hao-Ping

Botanical studies

2024 Volume 65, Issue 1, Page(s) 8

Abstract: Background: Dragon blood is a red fruit resin from the palm tree Daemonorops draco and is a herbal ingredient used in the traditional Chinese medicine, "Jinchuang Ointment," which is used to treat non-healing diabetic wounds. According to the Taiwan ... ...

Abstract	Background: Dragon blood is a red fruit resin from the palm tree Daemonorops draco and is a herbal ingredient used in the traditional Chinese medicine, "Jinchuang Ointment," which is used to treat non-healing diabetic wounds. According to the Taiwan Herbal Pharmacopeia, the dracorhodin content in dragon blood should exceed 1.0%. Results: Our findings indicate that dracorhodin and dragon blood crude extracts can stimulate glucose uptake in mouse muscle cells (C2C12) and primary rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RSMC). Dracorhodin is not the only active compound in dragon blood crude extracts from D. draco. Next, we orally administered crude dragon blood extracts to male B6 mice. The experimental group displayed a decreasing trend in fasting blood glucose levels from the second to tenth week. In summary, crude extracts of dragon blood from D. draco demonstrated in vivo hypoglycemic effects in B6 male mice. Conclusions: We provide a scientific basis "Jinchuang ointment" in treating non-healing wounds in patients with diabetes.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2432110-2
ISSN	1999-3110 ; 1817-406X
ISSN (online)	1999-3110
ISSN	1817-406X
DOI	10.1186/s40529-024-00415-1
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