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  1. Article ; Online: Multi-locus homozygosity promotes actuarial senescence in a wild mammal.

    Hudson, Dave W / McKinley, Trevelyan J / Benton, Clare H / Delahay, Richard / McDonald, Robbie A / Hodgson, Dave J

    The Journal of animal ecology

    2023  Volume 92, Issue 9, Page(s) 1881–1892

    Abstract: Genome-wide homozygosity, caused for example by inbreeding, is expected to have deleterious effects on survival and/or reproduction. Evolutionary theory predicts that any fitness costs are likely to be detected in late life because natural selection will ...

    Abstract Genome-wide homozygosity, caused for example by inbreeding, is expected to have deleterious effects on survival and/or reproduction. Evolutionary theory predicts that any fitness costs are likely to be detected in late life because natural selection will filter out negative impacts on younger individuals with greater reproductive value. Here we infer associations between multi-locus homozygosity (MLH), sex, disease and age-dependent mortality risks using Bayesian analysis of the life histories of wild European badgers Meles meles in a population naturally infected with Mycobacterium bovis (the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis [bTB]). We find important effects of MLH on all parameters of the Gompertz-Makeham mortality hazard function, but particularly in later life. Our findings confirm the predicted association between genomic homozygosity and actuarial senescence. Increased homozygosity is particularly associated with an earlier onset, and greater rates of actuarial senescence, regardless of sex. The association between homozygosity and actuarial senescence is further amplified among badgers putatively infected with bTB. These results recommend further investigation into the ecological and behavioural processes that result in genome-wide homozygosity, and focused work on whether homozygosity is harmful or beneficial during early life-stages.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cattle ; Bayes Theorem ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Tuberculosis, Bovine/epidemiology ; Mustelidae ; Cattle Diseases
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 3024-7
    ISSN 1365-2656 ; 0021-8790
    ISSN (online) 1365-2656
    ISSN 0021-8790
    DOI 10.1111/1365-2656.13979
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  2. Article ; Online: Genome size does not influence extinction risk in the world's amphibians

    Pincheira‐Donoso, Daniel / Harvey, Lilly P. / Johnson, Jack V. / Hudson, Dave / Finn, Catherine / Goodyear, Luke E. B. / Guirguis, Jacinta / Hyland, Edel M. / Hodgson, Dave J.

    Functional Ecology. 2023 Jan., v. 37, no. 1 p.190-200

    2023  

    Abstract: Variation in genome size spans multiple orders of magnitude among animals. Despite the longstanding debate regarding the adaptive value or costs of genomic complexity, genome size has been proposed to influence extinction risk under the rapidly changing ... ...

    Abstract Variation in genome size spans multiple orders of magnitude among animals. Despite the longstanding debate regarding the adaptive value or costs of genomic complexity, genome size has been proposed to influence extinction risk under the rapidly changing environments of the Anthropocene. The main hypothesis suggests that genome enlargement increases the accumulation of deleterious mutations while reducing rates of organismal growth and development. These combined effects of larger genome size are predicted to trigger population declines that can lead to extinction, especially under rapidly changing environments that disrupt demographic resilience. Comparative evidence from terrestrial plants and across vertebrates has provided mixed support for this hypothesis. However, large‐scale comparative studies based on explicit phylogenetic approaches remain lacking. Using a global‐scale amphibian dataset and two recognised proxies of extinction risk (International Union for Conservation of Nature IUCN conservation categories and population trends), we test the prediction that genomes are larger (as estimated by C‐value) in species facing extinction risk. We combine these analyses with life‐history traits widely known to be implicated with extinctions (body size, fecundity), along with a range of environmental factors. Our phylogenetic analyses consistently failed to identify an effect of genome size on either of the two proxies for extinction risk. The only consistent predictor of extinction risk observed across models performed for amphibians combined and for orders separately was decreasing geographical range size. We also identified a role for larger body size, decreasing range of environmental temperature (for anurans) and increasing levels of UV‐B radiation (for salamanders) as drivers of increasing threat. Our study provides no support for the prediction that species with larger genomes suffer heightened risk of extinction. We discuss some fundamental limitations underlying the genome size‐extinction hypothesis, and suggest that it is not a promising avenue to elucidate the causes of biodiversity declines in the Anthropocene. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
    Keywords Anthropocene epoch ; Anura ; ambient temperature ; amphibians ; biodiversity ; body size ; data collection ; extinction ; fecundity ; genome ; genomics ; growth and development ; life history ; phylogeny ; prediction ; risk
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-01
    Size p. 190-200.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 2020307-X
    ISSN 1365-2435 ; 0269-8463
    ISSN (online) 1365-2435
    ISSN 0269-8463
    DOI 10.1111/1365-2435.14247
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  3. Article ; Online: Multi‐locus homozygosity promotes actuarial senescence in a wild mammal

    Hudson, Dave W. / McKinley, Trevelyan J. / Benton, Clare H. / Delahay, Richard / McDonald, Robbie A. / Hodgson, Dave J.

    Journal of Animal Ecology. 2023 Sept., v. 92, no. 9 p.1881-1892

    2023  

    Abstract: Genome‐wide homozygosity, caused for example by inbreeding, is expected to have deleterious effects on survival and/or reproduction. Evolutionary theory predicts that any fitness costs are likely to be detected in late life because natural selection will ...

    Abstract Genome‐wide homozygosity, caused for example by inbreeding, is expected to have deleterious effects on survival and/or reproduction. Evolutionary theory predicts that any fitness costs are likely to be detected in late life because natural selection will filter out negative impacts on younger individuals with greater reproductive value. Here we infer associations between multi‐locus homozygosity (MLH), sex, disease and age‐dependent mortality risks using Bayesian analysis of the life histories of wild European badgers Meles meles in a population naturally infected with Mycobacterium bovis (the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis [bTB]). We find important effects of MLH on all parameters of the Gompertz–Makeham mortality hazard function, but particularly in later life. Our findings confirm the predicted association between genomic homozygosity and actuarial senescence. Increased homozygosity is particularly associated with an earlier onset, and greater rates of actuarial senescence, regardless of sex. The association between homozygosity and actuarial senescence is further amplified among badgers putatively infected with bTB. These results recommend further investigation into the ecological and behavioural processes that result in genome‐wide homozygosity, and focused work on whether homozygosity is harmful or beneficial during early life‐stages.
    Keywords Bayesian theory ; Meles meles ; Mycobacterium bovis ; animal ecology ; bovine tuberculosis ; etiological agents ; genomics ; homozygosity ; mammals ; mortality ; natural selection ; reproduction
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-09
    Size p. 1881-1892.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 3024-7
    ISSN 1365-2656 ; 0021-8790
    ISSN (online) 1365-2656
    ISSN 0021-8790
    DOI 10.1111/1365-2656.13979
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  4. Article ; Online: No evidence that extinction risk increases in the largest and smallest vertebrates.

    Pincheira-Donoso, Daniel / Hodgson, Dave J

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2018  Volume 115, Issue 26, Page(s) E5845–E5846

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Extinction, Biological ; Vertebrates
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-06-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.1804633115
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  5. Article: The global macroecology of brood size in amphibians reveals a predisposition of low‐fecundity species to extinction

    Pincheira‐Donoso, Daniel / Harvey, Lilly P / Cotter, Sheena C / Stark, Gavin / Meiri, Shai / Hodgson, Dave J

    Global ecology and biogeography. 2021 June, v. 30, no. 6

    2021  

    Abstract: AIM: The diversity of brood size across animal species exceeds the diversity of most other life‐history traits. In some environments, reproductive success increases with brood size, whereas in others it increases with smaller broods. The dominant ... ...

    Abstract AIM: The diversity of brood size across animal species exceeds the diversity of most other life‐history traits. In some environments, reproductive success increases with brood size, whereas in others it increases with smaller broods. The dominant hypothesis explaining such diversity predicts that selection on brood size varies along climatic gradients, creating latitudinal fecundity patterns. Another hypothesis predicts that diversity in fecundity arises among species adapted to different microhabitats within assemblages. A more recent hypothesis concerned with the consequences of these evolutionary processes in the era of anthropogenic environmental change predicts that low‐fecundity species might fail to recover from demographic collapses caused by rapid environmental alterations, making them more susceptible to extinctions. These hypotheses have been addressed predominantly in endotherms and only rarely in other taxa. Here, we address all three hypotheses in amphibians globally. LOCATION: Global. TIME PERIOD: Present. MAJOR TAXA STUDIED: Class Amphibia. METHODS: Using a dataset spanning 2,045 species from all three amphibian orders, we adopt multiple phylogenetic approaches to investigate the association between brood size and climatic, ecological and phenotypic predictors, and according to species conservation status. RESULTS: Brood size increases with latitude. This tendency is much stronger in frogs, where temperature seasonality is the dominant driver, whereas salamander fecundity increases towards regions with more constant rainfall. These relationships vary across continents but confirm seasonality as the key driver of fecundity. Ecologically, nesting sites predict brood size in frogs, but not in salamanders. Finally, we show that extinction risk increases consistently with decreasing fecundity across amphibians, whereas body size is a “by‐product” correlate of extinction, given its relationship with fecundity. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Climatic seasonality and microhabitats are primary drivers of fecundity evolution. Our finding that low fecundity increases extinction risk reinforces the need to refocus extinction hypotheses based on a suggested role for body size.
    Keywords Amphibia ; biogeography ; body size ; conservation status ; data collection ; endothermy ; extinction ; fecundity ; latitude ; life history ; phenotype ; phylogeny ; rain ; reproductive success ; risk ; salamanders and newts ; temperature
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-06
    Size p. 1299-1310.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean ; JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 2021283-5
    ISSN 1466-8238 ; 1466-822X ; 0960-7447
    ISSN (online) 1466-8238
    ISSN 1466-822X ; 0960-7447
    DOI 10.1111/geb.13287
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  6. Article ; Online: Maasai pastoralists kill lions in retaliation for depredation of livestock by lions

    Ontiri, Enoch M. / Odino, Martin / Kasanga, Antony / Kahumbu, Paula / Robinson, Lance W. / Currie, Tom / Hodgson, Dave J.

    People and Nature

    2023  

    Abstract: The borders of national parks in Kenya are hotspots for human–wildlife conflict. The deliberate killing of lions by Maasai pastoralists is illegal, but continues despite mitigation attempts. Currently, there is a somewhat pervasive opinion, within the ... ...

    Abstract The borders of national parks in Kenya are hotspots for human–wildlife conflict. The deliberate killing of lions by Maasai pastoralists is illegal, but continues despite mitigation attempts. Currently, there is a somewhat pervasive opinion, within the human–wildlife conflict literature, that lions are killed by Maasai people either as cultural ceremony or indiscriminately in response to the loss of livestock. We reconsider the indiscriminate reputation of lion‐killing, using a combination of structured dialogue and quantitative analysis. Focus group discussions with Maasai pastoralists in three different pastoral regions, performed by in‐country experts, minimized the risk of cross‐cultural misinterpretation through a platform of shared Kenyan heritage. In our survey of 213 Maasai pastoralist communities, we found universal agreement that humans and lions should coexist in Kenya. Maasai communities distinguished among drought, disease, theft, loss and depredation as drivers of livestock losses. Maasai also distinguished among predatory species that take their livestock. The only cause of livestock loss that provoked increased killing of lions, was depredation by lions. Lion‐killing was not provoked by other predatory species. We found regional variation in the baseline probability of lion‐killing, and discuss the sources of this variation. The probability of lion‐killing increases as an act of retribution for predation of livestock that discriminates among species of carnivore. This, coupled with universal acceptance of coexistence between lions and Maasai pastoralists, should guide mitigation strategies for human–wildlife interactions in Kenya and beyond.The borders of national parks in Kenya are hotspots for human–wildlife conflict. The deliberate killing of lions by Maasai pastoralists is illegal, but continues despite mitigation attempts. Currently, there is a somewhat pervasive opinion, within the human–wildlife conflict literature, that lions are killed by Maasai people either as cultural ceremony or ...
    Keywords livestock ; pastoralists ; lions
    Publishing date 2023-03-10T14:33:50Z
    Publisher Wiley
    Publishing country fr
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Stress causes interspecific facilitation within a compost community.

    Hesse, Elze / O'Brien, Siobhan / Luján, Adela M / Sanders, Dirk / Bayer, Florian / van Veen, Eleanor M / Hodgson, Dave J / Buckling, Angus

    Ecology letters

    2021  Volume 24, Issue 10, Page(s) 2169–2177

    Abstract: Ecological theory predicts interactions between species to become more positive under abiotic stress, while competition should prevail in more benign environments. However, experimental tests of this stress gradient hypothesis in natural microbial ... ...

    Abstract Ecological theory predicts interactions between species to become more positive under abiotic stress, while competition should prevail in more benign environments. However, experimental tests of this stress gradient hypothesis in natural microbial communities are lacking. We test this hypothesis by measuring interactions between 10 different members of a bacterial community inhabiting potting compost in the presence or absence of toxic copper stress. We found that copper stress caused significant net changes in species interaction signs, shifting the net balance towards more positive interactions. This pattern was at least in part driven by copper-sensitive isolates - that produced relatively small amounts of metal-detoxifying siderophores - benefitting from the presence of other species that produce extracellular detoxifying agents. As well as providing support for the stress gradient hypothesis, our results highlight the importance of community-wide public goods in shaping microbial community composition.
    MeSH term(s) Bacteria ; Composting ; Siderophores ; Stress, Physiological
    Chemical Substances Siderophores
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 1441608-6
    ISSN 1461-0248 ; 1461-023X
    ISSN (online) 1461-0248
    ISSN 1461-023X
    DOI 10.1111/ele.13847
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  8. Article: Stress causes interspecific facilitation within a compost community

    Hesse, Elze / O'Brien, Siobhan / Luján, Adela M. / Sanders, Dirk / Bayer, Florian / van Veen, Eleanor M. / Hodgson, Dave J. / Buckling, Angus

    Ecology letters. 2021 Oct., v. 24, no. 10

    2021  

    Abstract: Ecological theory predicts interactions between species to become more positive under abiotic stress, while competition should prevail in more benign environments. However, experimental tests of this stress gradient hypothesis in natural microbial ... ...

    Abstract Ecological theory predicts interactions between species to become more positive under abiotic stress, while competition should prevail in more benign environments. However, experimental tests of this stress gradient hypothesis in natural microbial communities are lacking. We test this hypothesis by measuring interactions between 10 different members of a bacterial community inhabiting potting compost in the presence or absence of toxic copper stress. We found that copper stress caused significant net changes in species interaction signs, shifting the net balance towards more positive interactions. This pattern was at least in part driven by copper‐sensitive isolates – that produced relatively small amounts of metal‐detoxifying siderophores – benefitting from the presence of other species that produce extracellular detoxifying agents. As well as providing support for the stress gradient hypothesis, our results highlight the importance of community‐wide public goods in shaping microbial community composition.
    Keywords abiotic stress ; bacterial communities ; community structure ; composts ; siderophores ; toxicity
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-10
    Size p. 2169-2177.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note LETTER
    ZDB-ID 1441608-6
    ISSN 1461-0248 ; 1461-023X
    ISSN (online) 1461-0248
    ISSN 1461-023X
    DOI 10.1111/ele.13847
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  9. Article: The multiple origins of sexual size dimorphism in global amphibians

    Pincheira‐Donoso, Daniel / Harvey, Lilly P / Grattarola, Florencia / Jara, Manuel / Cotter, Sheena C / Tregenza, Tom / Hodgson, Dave J

    Global ecology and biogeography. 2021 Feb., v. 30, no. 2

    2021  

    Abstract: AIM: Body size explains most of the variation in fitness within animal populations and is therefore under constant selection from ecological and reproductive pressures, which often promote its evolution in sex‐specific directions, leading to sexual size ... ...

    Abstract AIM: Body size explains most of the variation in fitness within animal populations and is therefore under constant selection from ecological and reproductive pressures, which often promote its evolution in sex‐specific directions, leading to sexual size dimorphism (SSD). Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the vast diversity of SSD across species. These hypotheses emphasize: (a) the mate competition benefits to larger male size (sexual selection); (b) the benefits of larger female size for fecundity (fecundity selection); (c) the simultaneous benefits of niche divergence for males and females to reduce intersexual competition for ecological resources (natural selection); and (d) the underlying impact of geographical variation in climatic pressures expected to shape large‐scale patterns of SSD in synergy with the above selection pressures (e.g., intensification of fecundity selection as breeding seasons shorten). Based on a new, global‐scale amphibian dataset, we address the shortage of large‐scale, integrative tests of these four hypotheses. LOCATION: Global. TIME PERIOD: Extant. MAJOR TAXA STUDIED: Class Amphibia. METHODS: Using a > 3,500 species dataset spanning body size, ecological, life‐history, geographical and climatic data, we performed phylogenetic linear models to address the sexual, fecundity, ecological and climatic hypotheses of SSD. RESULTS: Evolution of SSD is discordant between anurans and salamanders. Anuran SSD is shaped by climate (male‐biased SSD increases with temperature seasonality) and by nesting site. In salamanders, SSD converges across species that occupy the same types of microhabitats (“ecodimorphs”), whereas reproductive or climatic pressures have no effects on their SSD. These contrasts are associated with latitudinal gradients of SSD in anurans, but not in salamanders. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Amphibian SSD is driven by ecological and climatic pressures, whereas no roles for sexual or fecundity selection were detected. We show that macroevolutionary processes determined by different forms of selection lead to latitudinal patterns of trait diversity, and the lack of them.
    Keywords Anura ; biogeography ; body size ; breeding season ; climate ; data collection ; fecundity ; females ; geographical variation ; lead ; life history ; linear models ; males ; mating competitiveness ; microhabitats ; nesting sites ; phylogeny ; population ; salamanders and newts ; sexual dimorphism ; sexual selection ; shape ; temperature ; testing
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-02
    Size p. 443-458.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-light ; JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 2021283-5
    ISSN 1466-8238 ; 1466-822X ; 0960-7447
    ISSN (online) 1466-8238
    ISSN 1466-822X ; 0960-7447
    DOI 10.1111/geb.13230
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  10. Article: Analysis of Lifetime Mortality Trajectories in Wildlife Disease Research: BaSTA and Beyond

    Hudson, Dave W / Delahay, Richard / Hodgson, Dave J / McDonald, Robbie A / McKinley, Trevelyan J

    Diversity. 2019 Oct. 01, v. 11, no. 10

    2019  

    Abstract: Wildlife hosts are important reservoirs of a wide range of human and livestock infections worldwide, and in some instances, wildlife populations are threatened by disease. Yet wildlife diseases are difficult to monitor, and we often lack an understanding ...

    Abstract Wildlife hosts are important reservoirs of a wide range of human and livestock infections worldwide, and in some instances, wildlife populations are threatened by disease. Yet wildlife diseases are difficult to monitor, and we often lack an understanding of basic epidemiological parameters that might inform disease management and the design of targeted interventions. The impacts of disease on host survival are generally associated with age, yet traditional epidemiological models tend to use simplistic categories of host age. Mortality trajectory analysis provides the opportunity to understand age-specific impacts of disease and uncover epidemiological patterns across complete life histories. Here, we use Bayesian survival trajectory analysis (BaSTA) software to analyse capture-mark-recapture data from a population of wild badgers Meles meles naturally infected with Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of tuberculosis in badgers and cattle. We reveal non-constant mortality trajectories, and show that infection exaggerates an age-dependent increase in late-life mortality. This study provides evidence for actuarial senescence in badgers, a species previously believed to display constant mortality throughout life. Our case study demonstrates the application of mortality trajectory analysis in wildlife disease research, but also highlights important limitations. We recommend BaSTA for mortality trajectory analysis in epidemiological research, but also suggest combining approaches that can include diagnostic uncertainty and the movement of hosts between disease states as they age. We recommend future combinations of multi-state and multi-event modelling frameworks for complex systems incorporating age-varying disease states.
    Keywords badgers ; Bayesian theory ; case studies ; cattle ; computer software ; disease control ; etiological agents ; hosts ; humans ; life history ; Meles meles ; models ; mortality ; Mycobacterium bovis ; tuberculosis ; uncertainty ; wildlife ; wildlife diseases
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-1001
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2518137-3
    ISSN 1424-2818
    ISSN 1424-2818
    DOI 10.3390/d11100182
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