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Article ; Online: Puzzling phenomenon: adult-onset cancer predisposition and pediatric cancer.

Kuhlen, Michaela / Hofmann, Thomas G / Golas, Monika M

2024

Abstract: Pathogenic variants (PVs) in DNA repair-linked adult-onset cancer predisposition genes, including double heterozygosity, are increasingly identified in pediatric patients with cancer. Their role in childhood cancer, however, remains poorly understood. ... ...

Abstract	Pathogenic variants (PVs) in DNA repair-linked adult-onset cancer predisposition genes, including double heterozygosity, are increasingly identified in pediatric patients with cancer. Their role in childhood cancer, however, remains poorly understood. Integrating comprehensive tumor analysis is integral for understanding the contribution of such PVs in cancer development and personalized cancer care.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2852626-0
ISSN	2405-8025 ; 2405-8033 ; 2405-8033
ISSN (online)	2405-8025 ; 2405-8033
ISSN	2405-8033
DOI	10.1016/j.trecan.2024.02.011
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Article: Regulating the p53 Tumor Suppressor Network at PML Biomolecular Condensates.

Liebl, Magdalena C / Hofmann, Thomas G

Cancers

2022 Volume 14, Issue 19

Abstract: By forming specific functional entities, nuclear biomolecular condensates play an important function in guiding biological processes. PML biomolecular condensates, also known as PML nuclear bodies (NBs), are macro-molecular sub-nuclear organelles ... ...

Abstract	By forming specific functional entities, nuclear biomolecular condensates play an important function in guiding biological processes. PML biomolecular condensates, also known as PML nuclear bodies (NBs), are macro-molecular sub-nuclear organelles involved in central biological processes, including anti-viral response and cell fate control upon genotoxic stress. PML condensate formation is stimulated upon cellular stress, and relies on protein-protein interactions establishing a PML protein meshwork capable of recruiting the tumor suppressor p53, along with numerous modifiers of p53, thus balancing p53 posttranslational modifications and activity. This stress-regulated process appears to be controlled by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), which may facilitate regulated protein-unmixing of p53 and its regulators into PML nuclear condensates. In this review, we summarize and discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying PML nuclear condensate formation, and how these impact the biological function of p53 in driving the cell death and senescence responses. In addition, by using an in silico approach, we identify 299 proteins which share PML and p53 as binding partners, thus representing novel candidate proteins controlling p53 function and cell fate decision-making at the level of PML nuclear biocondensates.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2527080-1
ISSN	2072-6694
ISSN	2072-6694
DOI	10.3390/cancers14194549
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Article: The Role of p53 Signaling in Colorectal Cancer.

Liebl, Magdalena C / Hofmann, Thomas G

Cancers

2021 Volume 13, Issue 9

Abstract: The transcription factor p53 functions as a critical tumor suppressor by orchestrating a plethora of cellular responses such as DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, cellular senescence, cell death, cell differentiation, and metabolism. In unstressed cells, p53 ...

Abstract	The transcription factor p53 functions as a critical tumor suppressor by orchestrating a plethora of cellular responses such as DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, cellular senescence, cell death, cell differentiation, and metabolism. In unstressed cells, p53 levels are kept low due to its polyubiquitination by the E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2. In response to various stress signals, including DNA damage and aberrant growth signals, the interaction between p53 and MDM2 is blocked and p53 becomes stabilized, allowing p53 to regulate a diverse set of cellular responses mainly through the transactivation of its target genes. The outcome of p53 activation is controlled by its dynamics, its interactions with other proteins, and post-translational modifications. Due to its involvement in several tumor-suppressing pathways, p53 function is frequently impaired in human cancers. In colorectal cancer (CRC), the TP53 gene is mutated in 43% of tumors, and the remaining tumors often have compromised p53 functioning because of alterations in the genes encoding proteins involved in p53 regulation, such as ATM (13%) or DNA-PKcs (11%). TP53 mutations in CRC are usually missense mutations that impair wild-type p53 function (loss-of-function) and that even might provide neo-morphic (gain-of-function) activities such as promoting cancer cell stemness, cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, thereby promoting cancer progression. Although the first compounds targeting p53 are in clinical trials, a better understanding of wild-type and mutant p53 functions will likely pave the way for novel CRC therapies.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-28
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2527080-1
ISSN	2072-6694
ISSN	2072-6694
DOI	10.3390/cancers13092125
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Article ; Online: Ferroptosis Meets Cell-Cell Contacts.

Dietrich, Cornelia / Hofmann, Thomas G

Cells

2021 Volume 10, Issue 9

Abstract: Ferroptosis is a regulated form of cell death characterized by iron dependency and increased lipid peroxidation. Initially assumed to be selectively induced in tumour cells, there is increasing evidence that ferroptosis plays an important role in ... ...

Abstract	Ferroptosis is a regulated form of cell death characterized by iron dependency and increased lipid peroxidation. Initially assumed to be selectively induced in tumour cells, there is increasing evidence that ferroptosis plays an important role in pathophysiology and numerous cell types and tissues. Deregulated ferroptosis has been linked to human diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer. Along these lines, ferroptosis is a promising pathway to overcoming therapy resistance of cancer cells. It is therefore of utmost importance to understand the cellular signalling pathways and the molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis regulation, including context-specific effects mediated by the neighbouring cells through cell-cell contacts. Here, we give an overview on the molecular events and machinery linked to ferroptosis induction and commitment. We further summarize and discuss current knowledge about the role of cell-cell contacts, which differ in ferroptosis regulation between normal somatic cells and cancer cells. We present emerging concepts on the underlying mechanisms, address open questions, and discuss the possible impact of cell-cell contacts on exploiting ferroptosis in cancer therapy.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cardiovascular Diseases/pathology ; Cell Communication ; Ferroptosis ; Humans ; Neoplasms/pathology ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-17
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2661518-6
ISSN	2073-4409 ; 2073-4409
ISSN (online)	2073-4409
ISSN	2073-4409
DOI	10.3390/cells10092462
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Article: Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) Organoids: The Shining Light at the End of the Tunnel for Drug Response Prediction and Personalized Medicine.

Frappart, Pierre-Olivier / Hofmann, Thomas G

Cancers

2020 Volume 12, Issue 10

Abstract: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents 90% of pancreatic malignancies. In contrast to many other tumor entities, the prognosis of PDAC has not significantly improved during the past thirty years. Patients are often diagnosed too late, leading ...

Abstract	Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents 90% of pancreatic malignancies. In contrast to many other tumor entities, the prognosis of PDAC has not significantly improved during the past thirty years. Patients are often diagnosed too late, leading to an overall five-year survival rate below 10%. More dramatically, PDAC cases are on the rise and it is expected to become the second leading cause of death by cancer in western countries by 2030. Currently, the use of gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel or FOLFIRINOX remains the standard chemotherapy treatment but still with limited efficiency. There is an urgent need for the development of early diagnostic and therapeutic tools. To this point, in the past 5 years, organoid technology has emerged as a revolution in the field of PDAC personalized medicine. Here, we are reviewing and discussing the current technical and scientific knowledge on PDAC organoids, their future perspectives, and how they can represent a game change in the fight against PDAC by improving both diagnosis and treatment options.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-24
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2527080-1
ISSN	2072-6694
ISSN	2072-6694
DOI	10.3390/cancers12102750
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Article ; Online: Multi-layered chromatin proteomics identifies cell vulnerabilities in DNA repair.

Sigismondo, Gianluca / Arseni, Lavinia / Palacio-Escat, Nicolàs / Hofmann, Thomas G / Seiffert, Martina / Krijgsveld, Jeroen

Nucleic acids research

2023 Volume 51, Issue 2, Page(s) 687–711

Abstract: The DNA damage response (DDR) is essential to maintain genome stability, and its deregulation predisposes to carcinogenesis while encompassing attractive targets for cancer therapy. Chromatin governs the DDR via the concerted interplay among different ... ...

Abstract	The DNA damage response (DDR) is essential to maintain genome stability, and its deregulation predisposes to carcinogenesis while encompassing attractive targets for cancer therapy. Chromatin governs the DDR via the concerted interplay among different layers, including DNA, histone post-translational modifications (hPTMs) and chromatin-associated proteins. Here, we employ multi-layered proteomics to characterize chromatin-mediated functional interactions of repair proteins, signatures of hPTMs and the DNA-bound proteome during DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair at high temporal resolution. Our data illuminate the dynamics of known and novel DDR-associated factors both at chromatin and at DSBs. We functionally attribute novel chromatin-associated proteins to repair by non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ), homologous recombination (HR) and DSB repair pathway choice. We reveal histone reader ATAD2, microtubule organizer TPX2 and histone methyltransferase G9A as regulators of HR and involved in poly-ADP-ribose polymerase-inhibitor sensitivity. Furthermore, we distinguish hPTMs that are globally induced by DNA damage from those specifically acquired at sites flanking DSBs (γH2AX foci-specific) and profiled their dynamics during the DDR. Integration of complementary chromatin layers implicates G9A-mediated monomethylation of H3K56 in DSBs repair via HR. Our data provide a dynamic chromatin-centered view of the DDR that can be further mined to identify novel mechanistic links and cell vulnerabilities in DSB repair.
MeSH term(s)	Chromatin/genetics ; Histones/metabolism ; Proteomics ; DNA Repair ; DNA End-Joining Repair ; DNA ; Recombinational DNA Repair
Chemical Substances	Chromatin ; Histones ; DNA (9007-49-2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	186809-3
ISSN	1362-4962 ; 1362-4954 ; 0301-5610 ; 0305-1048
ISSN (online)	1362-4962 ; 1362-4954
ISSN	0301-5610 ; 0305-1048
DOI	10.1093/nar/gkac1264
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Article ; Online: Cell Fate Regulation upon DNA Damage: p53 Serine 46 Kinases Pave the Cell Death Road.

Liebl, Magdalena C / Hofmann, Thomas G

BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology

2019 Volume 41, Issue 12, Page(s) e1900127

Abstract: Mild and massive DNA damage are differentially integrated into the cellular signaling networks and, in consequence, provoke different cell fate decisions. After mild damage, the tumor suppressor p53 directs the cellular response to cell cycle arrest, DNA ...

Abstract	Mild and massive DNA damage are differentially integrated into the cellular signaling networks and, in consequence, provoke different cell fate decisions. After mild damage, the tumor suppressor p53 directs the cellular response to cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, and cell survival, whereas upon severe damage, p53 drives the cell death response. One posttranslational modification of p53, phosphorylation at Serine 46, selectively occurs after severe DNA damage and is envisioned as a marker of the cell death response. However, the molecular mechanism of action of the p53 Ser46 phospho-isomer, the molecular timing of this phosphorylation event, and its activating effects on apoptosis and ferroptosis still await exploration. In this essay, the current body of evidence on the molecular function of this deadly p53 mark, its evolutionary conservation, and the regulation of the key players of this response, the p53 Serine 46 kinases, are reviewed and dissected.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Apoptosis/genetics ; Apoptosis/physiology ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints/genetics ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints/physiology ; DNA Damage/genetics ; DNA Damage/physiology ; DNA Repair/genetics ; DNA Repair/physiology ; Humans ; Phosphorylation ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-10-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	50140-2
ISSN	1521-1878 ; 0265-9247
ISSN (online)	1521-1878
ISSN	0265-9247
DOI	10.1002/bies.201900127
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Article: Crosstalk between p53 modifiers at PML bodies.

Matt, Sonja / Hofmann, Thomas G

Molecular & cellular oncology

2018 Volume 5, Issue 3, Page(s) e1074335

Abstract: Tumor protein p53 (TP53, best known as p53), the most frequently mutated tumor suppressor in cancer, plays a central role in cell fate decisions induced by DNA damage. Regulation of p53 activity by post-translational modifications has been linked to ... ...

Abstract	Tumor protein p53 (TP53, best known as p53), the most frequently mutated tumor suppressor in cancer, plays a central role in cell fate decisions induced by DNA damage. Regulation of p53 activity by post-translational modifications has been linked to promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML-NBs), where p53 encounters many of its regulators. Recent evidence implies that crosstalk between p53 regulators at the PML-NB shapes post-translational modifications and function of p53.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-02-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2372-3556
ISSN	2372-3556
DOI	10.1080/23723556.2015.1074335
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Article: Cell Fate Regulation upon DNA Damage: p53 Serine 46 Kinases Pave the Cell Death Road

Liebl, Magdalena C / Hofmann, Thomas G

BioEssays. 2019 Dec., v. 41, no. 12

2019

Abstract	Mild and massive DNA damage are differentially integrated into the cellular signaling networks and, in consequence, provoke different cell fate decisions. After mild damage, the tumor suppressor p53 directs the cellular response to cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, and cell survival, whereas upon severe damage, p53 drives the cell death response. One posttranslational modification of p53, phosphorylation at Serine 46, selectively occurs after severe DNA damage and is envisioned as a marker of the cell death response. However, the molecular mechanism of action of the p53 Ser46 phospho‐isomer, the molecular timing of this phosphorylation event, and its activating effects on apoptosis and ferroptosis still await exploration. In this essay, the current body of evidence on the molecular function of this deadly p53 mark, its evolutionary conservation, and the regulation of the key players of this response, the p53 Serine 46 kinases, are reviewed and dissected.
Keywords	DNA damage ; DNA repair ; apoptosis ; cell cycle checkpoints ; cell viability ; ferroptosis ; mechanism of action ; neoplasms ; phosphorylation ; phosphotransferases (kinases) ; post-translational modification ; serine
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-12
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean ; JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	50140-2
ISSN	1521-1878 ; 0265-9247
ISSN (online)	1521-1878
ISSN	0265-9247
DOI	10.1002/bies.201900127
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Article ; Online: The DNA damage-induced cell death response: a roadmap to kill cancer cells.

Matt, Sonja / Hofmann, Thomas G

Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS

2016 Volume 73, Issue 15, Page(s) 2829–2850

Abstract: Upon massive DNA damage cells fail to undergo productive DNA repair and trigger the cell death response. Resistance to cell death is linked to cellular transformation and carcinogenesis as well as radio- and chemoresistance, making the underlying ... ...

Abstract	Upon massive DNA damage cells fail to undergo productive DNA repair and trigger the cell death response. Resistance to cell death is linked to cellular transformation and carcinogenesis as well as radio- and chemoresistance, making the underlying signaling pathways a promising target for therapeutic intervention. Diverse DNA damage-induced cell death pathways are operative in mammalian cells and finally culminate in the induction of programmed cell death via activation of apoptosis or necroptosis. These signaling routes affect nuclear, mitochondria- and plasma membrane-associated key molecules to activate the apoptotic or necroptotic response. In this review, we highlight the main signaling pathways, molecular players and mechanisms guiding the DNA damage-induced cell death response.
MeSH term(s)	Aging ; Animals ; Cell Death ; DNA Damage ; DNA Repair ; Humans ; Neoplasms/genetics ; Neoplasms/metabolism ; Neoplasms/pathology ; Signal Transduction
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-01-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	1358415-7
ISSN	1420-9071 ; 1420-682X
ISSN (online)	1420-9071
ISSN	1420-682X
DOI	10.1007/s00018-016-2130-4
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