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Article: Ultrasound-Guided Ankle Lateral Ligament Stabilization.

Hattori, Soichi / Alvarez, Carlo Antonio D / Canton, Stephen / Hogan, Macalus V / Onishi, Kentaro

Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine

2019 Volume 12, Issue 4, Page(s) 497–508

Abstract: Purpose of review: Ultrasound (US) is an increasingly popular imaging modality currently used both in clinics and operating rooms. The purpose of this review is to appraise literature describing traditional lateral ankle stabilization techniques and ... ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: Ultrasound (US) is an increasingly popular imaging modality currently used both in clinics and operating rooms. The purpose of this review is to appraise literature describing traditional lateral ankle stabilization techniques and discuss potential advantages of US-guided ankle lateral ligament stabilization. In addition, albeit limited, we will describe our experiences in perfecting this technique. Recent findings: To date, the modified open Broström-Gould technique remains as the gold standard surgical treatment for chronic ankle instability (CAI). In the past decade, modifications of this technique have been done, from a combination of arthroscopic and open procedure to an all-inside arthroscopic technique with a goal of minimizing wound complications, better outcomes, and earlier return to activity. Recently, the use of US as an adjunct to surgical procedures has gained popularity and several novel techniques have been described. The use of US in lateral ankle stabilization could allow accurate placement of the suture anchor at the anatomical attachment of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) without iatrogenic damage to the neurovascular structures such as anterolateral malleolar artery, superficial peroneal nerve, and sural nerve. In summary, the use of US in ankle lateral ligament stabilization is a promising new micro-invasive technique. The theoretical advantages of US-guided ankle lateral ligament stabilization include direct visualization of desired anatomical landmarks and structures which could increase accuracy, decrease iatrogenic neurovascular damage, minimize wound complications, and improve outcomes.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2407827-X
ISSN	1935-9748 ; 1935-973X
ISSN (online)	1935-9748
ISSN	1935-973X
DOI	10.1007/s12178-019-09592-0
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Article ; Online: Altered bone-regulating myokine expression in skeletal muscle Of Duchenne muscular dystrophy mouse models.

Zhou, Shumin / Qian, Baoli / Wang, Ling / Zhang, Changqing / Hogan, Macalus V / Li, Hongshuai

Muscle & nerve

2018 Volume 58, Issue 4, Page(s) 573–582

Abstract: Introduction: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) has been well characterized as a disease that affects both skeletal muscle and bone. The pathophysiology responsible for the deficits in bone tissue is still unclear.: Methods: Quantitative reverse- ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) has been well characterized as a disease that affects both skeletal muscle and bone. The pathophysiology responsible for the deficits in bone tissue is still unclear. Methods: Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses of known myokines from skeletal muscle were performed on dystrophic mouse models and wild-type (WT) controls to identify differentially expressed bone-regulating myokines. Results: Twenty-four of 43 myokine genes demonstrated significantly different mRNA expression in the skeletal muscles of dystrophic mice when compared with muscles of WT mice. Several differently expressed bone-regulating myokine genes were identified, and their protein levels were also verified by Western blot. Conclusions: Dystrophic skeletal muscle demonstrated a significantly altered myokine gene expression profile. mRNA and protein levels of several bone-regulating myokines were significantly altered in dystrophic skeletal muscle, which suggests pathological role of bone-regulating myokines on bone homeostasis in DMD. Muscle Nerve 58: 573-582, 2018.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic/genetics ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic/metabolism ; Bone and Bones/diagnostic imaging ; Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism ; Cytokines/genetics ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Femur/diagnostic imaging ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/genetics ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/metabolism ; Fibronectins/genetics ; Fibronectins/metabolism ; Interleukin-6/genetics ; Interleukin-6/metabolism ; Leukemia Inhibitory Factor/genetics ; Leukemia Inhibitory Factor/metabolism ; Lower Extremity ; Lumbar Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred mdx ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics ; Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/metabolism ; Myostatin/genetics ; Myostatin/metabolism ; Osteonectin/genetics ; Osteonectin/metabolism ; RANK Ligand/genetics ; RANK Ligand/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; X-Ray Microtomography
Chemical Substances	Cell Adhesion Molecules ; Cytokines ; FNDC5 protein, mouse ; Fibronectins ; Interleukin-6 ; Leukemia Inhibitory Factor ; Lif protein, mouse ; Mstn protein, mouse ; Myostatin ; Osteonectin ; Postn protein, mouse ; RANK Ligand ; RNA, Messenger ; SPARC protein, mouse ; Tnfsf11 protein, mouse ; fibroblast growth factor 21 ; interleukin-6, mouse ; Fibroblast Growth Factors (62031-54-3)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-09-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	438353-9
ISSN	1097-4598 ; 0148-639X
ISSN (online)	1097-4598
ISSN	0148-639X
DOI	10.1002/mus.26195
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Article ; Online: Is deltoid and lateral ligament reconstruction necessary in varus and valgus ankle osteoarthritis, and how should these procedures be performed?

Hogan, Macalus V / Dare, David M / Deland, Jonathan T

Foot and ankle clinics

2013 Volume 18, Issue 3, Page(s) 517–527

Abstract: Varus and valgus ankle deformities represent a challenge to the foot and ankle surgeons. The presence of degenerative changes of the tibiotalar joint articular surfaces introduces an additional layer of complexity. Reconstruction of such deformities ... ...

Abstract	Varus and valgus ankle deformities represent a challenge to the foot and ankle surgeons. The presence of degenerative changes of the tibiotalar joint articular surfaces introduces an additional layer of complexity. Reconstruction of such deformities requires a customized approach to each patient. Surgical intervention often requires joint-sparing realignment, arthroplasty, and/or arthrodesis, depending on the severity of deformity and the joint surface integrity. The ligamentous stability of the ankle plays an essential role in the preservation and optimization of function. This article reviews the role of deltoid and lateral ligament reconstruction in the treatment of varus and valgus ankle osteoarthritis.
MeSH term(s)	Ankle Joint/pathology ; Ankle Joint/surgery ; Collateral Ligaments/pathology ; Collateral Ligaments/surgery ; Foot Deformities, Acquired/etiology ; Foot Deformities, Acquired/surgery ; Humans ; Ligaments, Articular/pathology ; Ligaments, Articular/surgery ; Osteoarthritis/complications ; Osteoarthritis/surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2051688-5
ISSN	1558-1934 ; 1083-7515
ISSN (online)	1558-1934
ISSN	1083-7515
DOI	10.1016/j.fcl.2013.06.012
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Article: Nerve conduits for nerve repair or reconstruction.

Deal, D Nicole / Griffin, Justin W / Hogan, Macalus V

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons

2012 Volume 20, Issue 2, Page(s) 63–68

Abstract: Advances in treating peripheral nerve lesions have resulted from research in nerve regeneration and the use biomaterials as well as synthetic materials. When direct tensionless repair of peripheral nerve lesions is not possible, nerve conduits may be ... ...

Abstract	Advances in treating peripheral nerve lesions have resulted from research in nerve regeneration and the use biomaterials as well as synthetic materials. When direct tensionless repair of peripheral nerve lesions is not possible, nerve conduits may be used to bridge digital sensory nerve gaps of ≤3 cm. Nerve autograft is the benchmark for larger, longer, mixed, or motor nerve defects. Biologic, autogenous conduits-typically veins or, rarely, arteries-have demonstrated their utility in nerve gaps <3 cm in length. Three types of bioabsorbable conduit have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, constructed of collagen, polyglycolic acid, or caprolactone. Caprolactone conduits have been found to be equivalent in results to autograft. Collagen conduits are next best, and polyglycolic acid conduits are functionally inferior. Further research and prospective, multicenter, large-scale trials are needed to help establish the role of synthetic, bioabsorbable conduits in peripheral nerve reconstruction.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biocompatible Materials/therapeutic use ; Caproates/therapeutic use ; Collagen/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Lactones/therapeutic use ; Nerve Regeneration ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries/surgery ; Polyglycolic Acid/therapeutic use ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures/methods
Chemical Substances	Biocompatible Materials ; Caproates ; Lactones ; Polyglycolic Acid (26009-03-0) ; caprolactone (56RE988L1R) ; Collagen (9007-34-5)
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1200524-1
ISSN	1940-5480 ; 1067-151X
ISSN (online)	1940-5480
ISSN	1067-151X
DOI	10.5435/JAAOS-20-02-063
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Article ; Online: What's new in sports medicine.

Starman, James S / Griffin, Justin W / Kandil, Abdurrahman / Ma, Richard / Hogan, Macalus V / Miller, Mark D

The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume

2014 Volume 96, Issue 8, Page(s) 695–702

MeSH term(s)	Ankle Injuries/surgery ; Craniocerebral Trauma/therapy ; Elbow/injuries ; Elbow/surgery ; Foot Injuries/surgery ; Hip Injuries/surgery ; Humans ; Knee Injuries/surgery ; Shoulder/surgery ; Shoulder Injuries ; Spinal Injuries/surgery ; Spinal Injuries/therapy ; Sports Medicine/trends
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-04-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	220625-0
ISSN	1535-1386 ; 0021-9355
ISSN (online)	1535-1386
ISSN	0021-9355
DOI	10.2106/JBJS.M.01569
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Article ; Online: Subtalar coalitions in the adult.

Flynn, James F / Wukich, Dane K / Conti, Stephen F / Hasselman, Carl T / Hogan, Macalus V / Kline, Alex J

Foot and ankle clinics

2015 Volume 20, Issue 2, Page(s) 283–291

Abstract: Tarsal coalitions, while relatively uncommon, are typically identified in adult patients during an evaluation for ankle instability, sinus tarsus pain, and/or pes planovalgus. The true incidence of tarsal coalition is unknown with estimates ranging from ... ...

Abstract	Tarsal coalitions, while relatively uncommon, are typically identified in adult patients during an evaluation for ankle instability, sinus tarsus pain, and/or pes planovalgus. The true incidence of tarsal coalition is unknown with estimates ranging from 1% to 12% of the overall population. The most common area of involvement of the subtalar joint is the middle facet, and heightened awareness should be present in adult patients with limited motion of the subtalar joint. Standard radiographic imaging, to include a Harris heel view, is recommended initially, although computerized tomography scan and MRI are often necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Age Factors ; Foot Deformities/diagnosis ; Foot Deformities/etiology ; Foot Deformities/therapy ; Humans ; Subtalar Joint
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2051688-5
ISSN	1558-1934 ; 1083-7515
ISSN (online)	1558-1934
ISSN	1083-7515
DOI	10.1016/j.fcl.2015.02.010
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Article: Tissue engineering solutions for tendon repair.

Hogan, Macalus V / Bagayoko, Namory / James, Roshan / Starnes, Trevor / Katz, Adam / Chhabra, A Bobby

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons

2011 Volume 19, Issue 3, Page(s) 134–142

Abstract: Tendon injuries range from acute traumatic ruptures and lacerations to chronic overuse injuries, such as tendinosis. Even with improved nonsurgical, surgical, and rehabilitation techniques, outcomes following tendon repair are inconsistent. Primary ... ...

Abstract	Tendon injuries range from acute traumatic ruptures and lacerations to chronic overuse injuries, such as tendinosis. Even with improved nonsurgical, surgical, and rehabilitation techniques, outcomes following tendon repair are inconsistent. Primary repair remains the standard of care. However, repaired tendon tissue rarely achieves functionality equal to that of the preinjured state. Poor results have been linked to alterations in cellular organization within the tendon that occur at the time of injury and throughout the early stages of healing. Enhanced understanding of the biology of tendon healing is needed to improve management and outcomes. The use of growth factors and mesenchymal stem cells and the development of biocompatible scaffolds could result in enhanced tendon healing and regeneration. Recent advances in tendon bioengineering may lead to improved management following tendon injury.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Extracellular Matrix/physiology ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Regeneration ; Tendon Injuries/physiopathology ; Tendon Injuries/surgery ; Tissue Engineering/methods ; Tissue Scaffolds ; Wound Healing/physiology
Chemical Substances	Biocompatible Materials
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-02-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1200524-1
ISSN	1940-5480 ; 1067-151X
ISSN (online)	1940-5480
ISSN	1067-151X
DOI	10.5435/00124635-201103000-00002
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Article ; Online: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells treated with growth differentiation factor-5 express tendon-specific markers.

Park, Andrew / Hogan, Macalus V / Kesturu, Girish S / James, Roshan / Balian, Gary / Chhabra, Abhinav Bobby

Tissue engineering. Part A

2010 Volume 16, Issue 9, Page(s) 2941–2951

Abstract: Objectives: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) are a unique population of stem cells with therapeutic potential in the treatment of connective tissue injuries. Growth differentiation factor-5 (GDF)-5 is known to play a role in tendon repair ...

Abstract	Objectives: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) are a unique population of stem cells with therapeutic potential in the treatment of connective tissue injuries. Growth differentiation factor-5 (GDF)-5 is known to play a role in tendon repair and maintenance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of GDF-5 on proliferation and tendonogenic gene expression of rat ADMSCs. Methods: ADMSCs were treated in culture with different concentrations of GDF-5 (0-1000 ng/mL) for 12 days. Biochemical, temporal, and concentration kinetic studies were done. Extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis, tendonogenic differentiation, and matrix remodeling gene and protein expression were analyzed. Results: GDF-5 led to increased ADMSC proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. ADMSCs demonstrated enhanced ECM (collagen type I, decorin, and aggrecan) and tendonogenic marker (scleraxis, tenomodulin, and tenascin-C) gene expression with 100 ng/mL of GDF-5 (p < 0.05). ECM and tendon-specific markers showed time-dependent increases at various time points (p < 0.05), although decorin decreased at day 9 (p < 0.05). GDF-5 did alter expression of matrix remodeling genes, with no specific trends observed. Western blot analysis confirmed dose- and time-dependent increases in protein expression of tenomodulin, tenascin-C, Smad-8, and matrix metalloproteinase-13. Conclusion: In vitro GDF-5 treatment can induce cellular events leading to the tendonogenic differentiation of ADMSCs. The use of combined GDF-5 and ADMSCs tissue-engineered therapies may have a role in the future of tendon repair.
MeSH term(s)	Adipose Tissue/cytology ; Aggrecans/metabolism ; Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Collagen Type I/metabolism ; Decorin/metabolism ; Growth Differentiation Factor 5/pharmacology ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 13/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344 ; Tenascin/metabolism ; Tendons/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Aggrecans ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; Biomarkers ; Collagen Type I ; Decorin ; Growth Differentiation Factor 5 ; Membrane Proteins ; Scx protein, rat ; Tenascin ; Tnmd protein, rat ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 (EC 3.4.24.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-09-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2420582-5
ISSN	1937-335X ; 1937-3341
ISSN (online)	1937-335X
ISSN	1937-3341
DOI	10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0710
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Article ; Online: Development of an injury risk function for first metatarsophalangeal joint sprains.

Frimenko, Rebecca E / Lievers, W Brent / Riley, Patrick O / Park, Joseph S / Hogan, Macalus V / Crandall, Jeff R / Kent, Richard W

Medicine and science in sports and exercise

2013 Volume 45, Issue 11, Page(s) 2144–2150

Abstract: Introduction: Sprains of the first metatarsophalangeal (1MTP) joint, also known as turf toe, are debilitating athletic injuries. Because 85% of 1MTP sprains result from excessive hallux dorsiflexion, interventions that limit motion to subinjurious ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Sprains of the first metatarsophalangeal (1MTP) joint, also known as turf toe, are debilitating athletic injuries. Because 85% of 1MTP sprains result from excessive hallux dorsiflexion, interventions that limit motion to subinjurious levels would greatly benefit athletes. Hallux dorsiflexion range of motion (hdROM) cannot be overly constrained, however, lest athletic performance be compromised. Therefore, the tolerance of the 1MTP joint to excessive dorsiflexion injury must be quantified before appropriate hdROM limitations may be developed. The purpose of this study was to develop a quantitative injury risk function for 1MTP sprains on the basis of hallux dorsiflexion angle. Methods: Twenty cadaveric limbs were tested to both subinjurious and injurious levels of hallux dorsiflexion. Motion capture techniques were used to track six-degree-of-freedom motion of the first proximal phalanx, first metatarsal, and calcaneus. Specimens were examined by physicians posttest to diagnose injury occurrence and ensure clinical relevance of the injuries. Results: A two-parameter Weibull hazard function analysis reveals that a 50% risk of injury occurs at 78° of dorsiflexion from anatomical zero. Conclusion: Methods presented here drove cadaveric 1MTP joints to various degrees of dorsiflexion, resulting in both noninjurious and injurious trials, which were formed into an injury risk function.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Athletic Injuries/physiopathology ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cadaver ; Hallux/physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Metatarsophalangeal Joint/injuries ; Metatarsophalangeal Joint/physiopathology ; Middle Aged ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Risk Assessment ; Sprains and Strains/physiopathology ; Video Recording
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	603994-7
ISSN	1530-0315 ; 0195-9131 ; 0025-7990
ISSN (online)	1530-0315
ISSN	0195-9131 ; 0025-7990
DOI	10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182994a10
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Article: A plantar closing wedge osteotomy of the medial cuneiform for residual forefoot supination in flatfoot reconstruction.

Ling, Jeffrey S / Ross, Keir A / Hannon, Charlie P / Egan, Chris / Smyth, Niall A / Hogan, Macalus V / Kennedy, John G

Foot & ankle international

2013 Volume 34, Issue 9, Page(s) 1221–1226

Abstract: Background: Residual forefoot supination is commonly encountered during a flatfoot reconstruction, and a new technique for its treatment is described. Contrary to the standard Cotton osteotomy, a plantar closing wedge osteotomy of the medial cuneiform ( ... ...

Abstract	Background: Residual forefoot supination is commonly encountered during a flatfoot reconstruction, and a new technique for its treatment is described. Contrary to the standard Cotton osteotomy, a plantar closing wedge osteotomy of the medial cuneiform (PCWOMC) was performed, which has a number of advantages. Methods: We followed 10 feet in 9 patients who had a PCWOMC performed as the last step of a standard flatfoot reconstruction for the correction of residual forefoot supination. These patients were evaluated pre- and postoperatively by standardized radiographic parameters, Short Form-12 (SF-12), and Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS). Results: Patients were followed for an average of 25.8 months with final radiographic analysis performed at an average of 9.9 months. A significant difference (P < .001) between pre- and postoperative parameters was demonstrated for both lateral talus-first metatarsal angle and medial-cuneiform-to-ground distance. Likewise, there was a statistically significant improvement in the SF-12 score and 4 out of 5 components of the FAOS. One patient developed internal hardware-related symptoms, which were relieved following implant removal. All osteotomies healed uneventfully. Conclusion: A PCWOMC can be considered an alternative to the Cotton osteotomy for the treatment of forefoot supination deformity in adult flatfoot reconstruction. The main advantage of this technique over the Cotton osteotomy was simplicity, as an additional dorsal incision and bone graft were not required. Level of evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Female ; Flatfoot/surgery ; Forefoot, Human/surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteotomy/methods ; Supination
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1183283-6
ISSN	1944-7876 ; 1071-1007
ISSN (online)	1944-7876
ISSN	1071-1007
DOI	10.1177/1071100713487726
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