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  1. Article ; Online: Appropriateness of transport of children via emergency medical service providers according to the decision-maker on referred hospitals

    Hohyun Jeong / Myeong Il Cha / Si Young Jung / Joohyun Suh

    Pediatric Emergency Medicine Journal, Vol 4, Iss 2, Pp 85-

    2017  Volume 91

    Abstract: Purpose We aimed to investigate the appropriateness of transport of children via emergency medical service providers (EMSP) according to the decision-maker on referred hospitals (EMSP [EMSP group] vs. guardians [user group]). Methods We analyzed first ... ...

    Abstract Purpose We aimed to investigate the appropriateness of transport of children via emergency medical service providers (EMSP) according to the decision-maker on referred hospitals (EMSP [EMSP group] vs. guardians [user group]). Methods We analyzed first aid records by EMSP for children aged 15 years or younger in Gyeonggi province, Korea, from January 2012 through December 2013. We obtained the following data: scene, symptom, type (high-level [regional/local emergency medical centers] or not) and location (out-of-province or not) of referred hospitals, injury, level of consciousness (alert or not), and prehospital triage results by EMSP (emergent/less emergent or not). Results A total of 50,407 children were included, of whom 37,626 (74.6%) belonged to the user group. Overall, the most common scene, symptom, and type and location of referred hospitals were home (57.0%), pain (33.3%), and inside-the-province and local emergency medical centers (44.2%), respectively. The user group showed less frequent injury (P < 0.001), decreased level of consciousness (P < 0.001), and no significant difference in the triage results (P = 0.074). This group showed more frequent transport to high-level and out-of-province emergency medical centers (P < 0.001), and longer transport (P < 0.001). Conclusion The user group showed more frequent transport to high-level or remote referred hospitals without more critical prehospital triage results. Guardian-directed transport of children might be associated with the inappropriate transport of children via EMSP.
    Keywords ambulances ; child ; emergency medical services ; epidemiology ; hospitals ; transportation of patients ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 380
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Korean Society of Pediatric Emergency Medicine
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: A Study on the Oral Toxicity of Mecasin in Rats

    Hohyun Jeong / Jongchul Lee / Eunhye Cha / Manyong Park / Ilhong Son / Bongkeun Song / Sungchul Kim

    Journal of Pharmacopuncture, Vol 17, Iss 4, Pp 61-

    2014  Volume 65

    Abstract: Objectives: In this study, we investigated the oral toxicity of Gami-Jakyak Gamcho buja Decoction (Mecasin) to develop safe treatments. Methods: All experiments were conducted at the Medvill, an institution authorized to perform non-clinical studies, ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: In this study, we investigated the oral toxicity of Gami-Jakyak Gamcho buja Decoction (Mecasin) to develop safe treatments. Methods: All experiments were conducted at the Medvill, an institution authorized to perform non-clinical studies, under the Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) regulations. In order to investigate the oral toxicity of Mecasin, we administered Mecasin orally to rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups of five male and five female animals per group: group 1 being the control group and groups 2, 3, and 4 being the experimental groups. Doses of Mecasin, 500 mg/kg, 1,000 mg/kg and 2,000 mg/kg, were administered to the experimental groups, and a dose of normal saline solution, 10 mL/kg, was administered to the control group. We examined the survival rate, weight, clinical signs, and gross findings. This study was conducted under the approval of the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee. Results: No deaths or abnormalities occurred in any of the four groups. Although slight decreases in the weights of some female rats were noted on the third day, no significant changes in weights or gross findings between the control group and the experimental groups were observed. To check for abnormalities in organs, we used microscopy to examine representative histological sections of each specified organ; the results showed no significant differences in any of the organs. Conclusion: The results showed that administration of 500 − 2,000 mg/kg of Mecasin did not cause any changes in weight or in the results of necropsy examinations. It also did not result in any mortalities. The above findings suggest that treatment with Mecasin is relatively safe. Further studies on this subject are needed to yield more concrete evidence.
    Keywords gami-jakyak gamcho buja decoction (mecasin) ; toxicity test ; Medicine ; R ; Miscellaneous systems and treatments ; RZ409.7-999 ; Therapeutics. Pharmacology ; RM1-950
    Subject code 630
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Study on the Single Dose Toxicity of ShinEumHur Pharmacopuncture Injected into the Muscles of Rats

    Hohyun Jeong / Eunhye Cha / Jongcheol Lee / Seongjin Lee / Manyong Park / Dongwoung Kim / Bongkeun Song / Jongdeok Lee / Sungchul Kim

    Journal of Pharmacopuncture, Vol 19, Iss 4, Pp 350-

    2016  Volume 358

    Abstract: Objectives: This study was carried out to analyze the single dose toxicity of ShinEumHur (SEH) pharmacopuncture injected into the muscles of Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: The SEH pharmacopuncture was made in a clean room at the Korean Pharmacopuncture ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: This study was carried out to analyze the single dose toxicity of ShinEumHur (SEH) pharmacopuncture injected into the muscles of Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: The SEH pharmacopuncture was made in a clean room at the Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute (K-GMP). After the mixing process with sterile distilled water had been completed, the pH was controlled to between 7.0 and 7.5. All experiments were conducted at Biotoxtech, an institution authorized to perform non-clinical studies under the Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) regulations. Sprague-Dawley rats were chosen for the pilot study. Doses of SEH pharmacopuncture, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mL, were administered to the experimental groups, and a dose of normal saline solution, 1.0 mL, was administered to the control group. We examined the survival rate, weights, clinical signs, mean hematology parameters, mean clinical chemistry, necropsy and histopathological findings. This study was conducted under the approval of the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee. Results: No deaths or abnormalities occurred in any of the four groups. No significant changes in weight, hematological parameters or clinical chemistry between the control group and the experimental groups were observed. To check for abnormalities in organs and tissues, we used microscopy to examine representative histological sections of each specified organ; the results showed no significant differences in any of the organs or tissues. Conclusion: The above findings suggest that treatment with SEH pharmacopuncture is relatively safe. Further studies on this subject are needed to yield more concrete evidence.
    Keywords intramuscular injection ; pharmacopuncture ; ShinEum-Hur (SEH) ; toxicity test ; Medicine ; R ; Miscellaneous systems and treatments ; RZ409.7-999 ; Therapeutics. Pharmacology ; RM1-950
    Subject code 630
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Toxicity of Eun-bi San Pharmacopuncture Injection in the Muscle of Rats

    Jongcheol Lee / Hohyun Jeong / Eunhye Cha / Manyong Park / Sungyoul Choi / Taehan Yook / InJa Song / Sungchul Kim

    Journal of Pharmacopuncture, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 63-

    2015  Volume 71

    Abstract: Objectives: This study was carried out to analyze the single-dose toxicity of Eun-Bi San pharmacopuncture injected into the muscle of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods: All experiments were performed at Biotoxtech, an institution certified to conduct non- ...

    Abstract Objectives: This study was carried out to analyze the single-dose toxicity of Eun-Bi San pharmacopuncture injected into the muscle of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods: All experiments were performed at Biotoxtech, an institution certified to conduct non-clinical studies under the Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) regulations. Six week old SD rats reared by ORIENTBIO were chosen for this pilot study. The reason SD rats were chosen is that they have been widely used in safety tests in the field of medicine, so the results can be easily compared with many other databases. The Eun-Bi San pharmacopuncture was made in a clean room at the Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute (KPI, K-GMP). The constituents of the Eun-Bi San pharmacopuncture are Angelicae gigantis radix, Strychni semen and Glycyrrhizae radix. These were extracted at low temperature and low pressure in an aseptic room at the KPI. Doses of Eun-Bi San pharmacopuncture, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mL, were administered to the experimental groups, and a dose of normal saline solution, 1.0 mL, was administered to the control group. This study was performed under the apapproval of the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee of Biotoxtech Co., Ltd. Results: No deaths or abnormalities occurred in any of the four groups. No significant changes in weight, hematological parameters or clinical chemistry between the control group and the experimental groups were observed. To determine if abnormalities existed in any organs and tissues, we used microscopy to examine representative histological sections of each specified organ; the results showed no significant differences in any of the organs or tissues. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that treatment with Eun-Bi San pharmacopuncture is relatively safe and that its clinical use may be beneficial. Further evaluations and studies on this subject will be needed to provide more concrete evidence in support of these conclusions.
    Keywords eun-bi san ; pharmacopuncture ; toxicity test ; Medicine ; R ; Miscellaneous systems and treatments ; RZ409.7-999 ; Therapeutics. Pharmacology ; RM1-950
    Subject code 630
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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