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  1. Article ; Online: A phylogenetic survey of the ascomycete genus Arthrorhaphis (Arthrorhaphidaceae, Lecanoromycetes) including new species in Arthrorhaphis citrinella sensu lato

    Frisch, Andreas / Ohmura, Yoshihito / Holien, Håkon / Bendiksby, Mika

    TAXON. 2022 Oct., v. 71, no. 5 p.936-962

    2022  

    Abstract: The genus Arthrorhaphis is a group of ascomycetes comprising lichenised and non‐lichenised taxa from temperate to arctic‐alpine regions in both hemispheres. Nine species and two infraspecific taxa are currently recognised. Their delimitation, inter‐ ... ...

    Abstract The genus Arthrorhaphis is a group of ascomycetes comprising lichenised and non‐lichenised taxa from temperate to arctic‐alpine regions in both hemispheres. Nine species and two infraspecific taxa are currently recognised. Their delimitation, inter‐relationships, and phylogenetic placement remain poorly understood. We have used an integrative taxonomic approach to assess taxon limits, phylogenetic placement of the family, and to test the hypothesis that transition to lichenisation has happened only once. We present a first molecular phylogenetic hypothesis of all but one known Arthrorhaphis species based on Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses of multilocus DNA sequence data. Our results support monophyly of Arthrorhaphis, phylogenetic placement in the Ostropomycetidae, and lichenisation having evolved from lichenicolous ancestors only once. The lichenicolous Arthrorhaphis species are well‐defined both morphologically and genetically. The lichenised A. alpina s.l. and A. citrinella s.l., however, include multiple genetic clades that are partly supported by phenotypic data. We split A. citrinella s.l. into the following five species: (1) A. bullata sp. nov., (2) A. catolechioides comb. & stat. nov., (3) A. citrinella, (4) A. farinosa sp. nov., and (5) A. vulgaris comb. & stat. nov. A sixth phylogenetic clade from the Neotropics remains undescribed herein due to insufficient data. Five circumarctic accessions of A. alpina s.l. form a genetically distinct but morphologically poorly understood clade sister to the alpina‐vacillans clade, which we preliminarily name “A. septentrionalis”. Jointly, our multispecies coalescence analyses, of both single‐locus (bGMYC) and multilocus (bPtP, bP&P) datasets, largely support our proposed species hypotheses in Arthrorhaphis.
    Keywords Arthrorhaphis ; Bayesian theory ; Neotropics ; Ostropomycetidae ; data collection ; lichens ; monophyly ; new species ; nucleotide sequences ; phenotype ; statistical analysis ; surveys
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-10
    Size p. 936-962.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 204216-2
    ISSN 0040-0262
    ISSN 0040-0262
    DOI 10.1002/tax.12718
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  2. Article ; Online: An Exception to the Rule? Could Photobiont Identity Be a Better Predictor of Lichen Phenotype than Mycobiont Identity?

    Steinová, Jana / Holien, Håkon / Košuthová, Alica / Škaloud, Pavel

    Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)

    2022  Volume 8, Issue 3

    Abstract: With rare exceptions, the shape and appearance of lichen thalli are determined by the fungal partner; thus, mycobiont identity is normally used for lichen identification. However, it has repeatedly been shown in recent decades that phenotypic data often ... ...

    Abstract With rare exceptions, the shape and appearance of lichen thalli are determined by the fungal partner; thus, mycobiont identity is normally used for lichen identification. However, it has repeatedly been shown in recent decades that phenotypic data often does not correspond with fungal gene evolution. Here, we report such a case in a three-species complex of red-fruited
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-09
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2784229-0
    ISSN 2309-608X ; 2309-608X
    ISSN (online) 2309-608X
    ISSN 2309-608X
    DOI 10.3390/jof8030275
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  3. Article: Cliostomum piceicola, a New Lichen Species from Oldgrowth Coniferous Forests in Northern Europe

    Holien, Håkon / Tor Tønsberg

    Herzogia. 2017 Dec., v. 30, no. 2

    2017  

    Abstract: Holien, H. & Tønsberg, T. 2017. Cliostomum piceicola, a new lichen species from oldgrowth coniferous forests in northern Europe. — Herzogia 30: 427–430. Cliostomum piceicola is described as new to science from old boreal forests in Scandinavia and Russia. ...

    Abstract Holien, H. & Tønsberg, T. 2017. Cliostomum piceicola, a new lichen species from oldgrowth coniferous forests in northern Europe. — Herzogia 30: 427–430. Cliostomum piceicola is described as new to science from old boreal forests in Scandinavia and Russia. It differs from C. corrugatum by the dull and finely warty surface of the thallus, in producing an unidentified, diagnostic lichen substance, by the northern distribution, and the preference for Picea abies in moist, often swampy forest.
    Keywords boreal forests ; coniferous forests ; lichens ; Picea abies ; thallus ; Northern European region ; Russia ; Scandinavia
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2017-12
    Size p. 427-430.
    Publishing place Bryological and Lichenological Association for Central Europe (BLAM)
    Document type Article
    ISSN 0018-0971
    DOI 10.13158/heia.30.2.2017.427
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  4. Article: Herbivores reduce seedling recruitment in alpine plant communities

    Opedal, Øystein H / Nystuen, Kristin O / Hagen, Dagmar / Holien, Håkon / Sørensen, Mia Vedel / Lang, Simone I / Lindmo, Sigrid / Strimbeck, G. Richard / Graae, Bente J

    Nordic journal of botany. 2021 Feb., v. 39, no. 2

    2021  

    Abstract: Through changes in climate and other environmental factors, alpine tundra ecosystems are subject to increased cover of erect shrubs, reduced predictability of rodent dynamics and changes in wild and domesticated herbivore densities. To predict the ... ...

    Abstract Through changes in climate and other environmental factors, alpine tundra ecosystems are subject to increased cover of erect shrubs, reduced predictability of rodent dynamics and changes in wild and domesticated herbivore densities. To predict the dynamics of these ecosystems, we need to understand how these simultaneous changes affect alpine vegetation. In the long term, vegetation dynamics may depend critically on seedling recruitment. To study drivers of alpine plant seedling recruitment, we set up a field experiment where we manipulated the opportunity for plant–plant interactions through vegetation removal and introduction of willow transplants, the occurrence of herbivory through caging of plots, and then sowed 14 species into the plots. We replicated the experiment in three common alpine vegetation types (heath, meadow and Salix shrubland) and recorded seedling emergence and survival over five years. Strong effects of vegetation removal and substantial differences in recruitment among dominant vegetation types suggested important effects of local vegetation on the recruitment success of vascular‐plant seedlings. Similarly, herbivore exclusion had strong positive effects on recruitment success. This effect arose primarily via reduced seedling mortality in plots from which herbivores had been experimentally excluded and became noticeably stronger over time. In contrast, we detected no consistent effects of experimental willow shrub introduction on seedling recruitment. These results demonstrate that large and small herbivores can affect alpine plant seedling recruitment negatively by trampling and feeding on seedlings. Importantly, the effects became stronger over time, suggesting that effects of herbivory on seedling recruitment accumulates over time and may relate to recruitment phases beyond initial seedling emergence.
    Keywords Salix ; alpine plants ; alpine tundra ; alpine vegetation ; climate ; field experimentation ; herbivores ; meadows ; mortality ; rodents ; seedling emergence ; seedlings ; shrublands ; shrubs ; species recruitment
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-02
    Publishing place Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean ; JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 2406507-9
    ISSN 1756-1051 ; 0107-055X
    ISSN (online) 1756-1051
    ISSN 0107-055X
    DOI 10.1111/njb.02989
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  5. Article ; Online: Vegetation change on mountaintops in northern Sweden: Stable vascular‐plant but reordering of lichen and bryophyte communities

    Hagenberg, Liyenne Wu Chen / Vanneste, Thomas / Opedal, Øystein H. / Petlund, Hanne Torsdatter / Björkman, Mats P. / Björk, Robert G. / Holien, Håkon / Limpens, Juul / Molau, Ulf / Graae, Bente Jessen / De Frenne, Pieter

    Ecological Research. 2022 Nov., v. 37, no. 6 p.722-737

    2022  

    Abstract: Alpine ecosystems harbor remarkably diverse and distinct plant communities that are characteristically limited to harsh, and cold climatic conditions. As a result of thermal limitation to species occurrence, mountainous ecosystems are considered to be ... ...

    Abstract Alpine ecosystems harbor remarkably diverse and distinct plant communities that are characteristically limited to harsh, and cold climatic conditions. As a result of thermal limitation to species occurrence, mountainous ecosystems are considered to be particularly sensitive to climate change. Our understanding of the impact of climate change is mainly based on vascular plants however, whereas cryptogams (i.e., lichens and bryophytes) are generally neglected or simply considered as one functional group. Here we aimed to improve our understanding of the drivers underlying temporal changes in vegetation of alpine ecosystems. To this end, we repeatedly surveyed the vegetation on four mountain summits along an elevational gradient in northern Sweden spanning a 19‐year period. Our results show that the vascular plant communities remained relatively stable throughout the study period, despite fluctuations in terms of ground cover and species richness of shrubs and graminoids. In contrast, both lichens and bryophytes substantially decreased in cover and diversity, leading to alterations in community composition that were unrelated to vascular plant cover. Thermophilization of the vascular plant community was found only on the two intermediate summits. Our findings are only partially consistent with (long‐term) climate‐change impacts, and we argue that local non‐climatic drivers such as herbivory might offset vegetation responses to warming. Hence, we underline the importance of considering local non‐climatic drivers when evaluating temporal vegetation change in biologically complex systems.
    Keywords Bryophyta ; climate change ; cold ; community structure ; cryptogams ; graminoids ; herbivores ; lichens ; mountains ; plant communities ; research ; species richness ; vascular plants ; vegetation ; Sweden
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-11
    Size p. 722-737.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 233459-8
    ISSN 1440-1703 ; 0912-3814
    ISSN (online) 1440-1703
    ISSN 0912-3814
    DOI 10.1111/1440-1703.12359
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  6. Article: Lichens facilitate seedling recruitment in alpine heath

    Nystuen, Kristin O / Graae, Bente J / Holien, Håkon / Opedal, Øystein H / Strimbeck, George Richard / Sundsdal, Kristine

    Journal of vegetation science. 2019 Sept., v. 30, no. 5

    2019  

    Abstract: QUESTIONS: How do mat thickness, physical structure and allelopathic properties of terricolous mat‐forming lichens affect recruitment of vascular plants in dwarf‐shrub and lichen heath vegetation? LOCATION: The mountains of Dovrefjell, central Norway. ... ...

    Abstract QUESTIONS: How do mat thickness, physical structure and allelopathic properties of terricolous mat‐forming lichens affect recruitment of vascular plants in dwarf‐shrub and lichen heath vegetation? LOCATION: The mountains of Dovrefjell, central Norway. METHODS: In autumn, seeds of ten vascular plant species were collected and sown in a common garden experiment with mats of six lichen species and bare soil controls as experimental treatments. We recorded growing season soil temperature and moisture, and seedling recruitment and growth after one year. The effect of lichen secondary compounds on germination was tested in a growth chamber experiment and compared to the lichen–plant interactions detected under field conditions. RESULTS: The lichen mats buffered extreme soil temperatures and soil drying in dry weather, with soils below the thickest mats (Cladonia stellaris and C. rangiferina) experiencing the lowest temperature fluctuations. Seedling recruitment and seedling growth in the field and seed germination in the lab were species‐specific. Seedling recruitment rates were overall higher within lichen mats than on bare soil, but the c. 6.5‐cm‐thick mats of C. stellaris reduced recruitment of many species. The lab experiment suggested no overall strong effect of lichen allelopathy on seed germination, and effects on seed germination were only moderately correlated with the lichen–plant interactions observed for seedling recruitment in the field. CONCLUSIONS: In harsh environments like alpine dwarf‐shrub and lichen heaths, the presence of lichens and the resulting amelioration of the microclimate seem more important for vascular plant recruitment than are allelopathic effects often reported in lab experiments. We might therefore expect most terricolous lichens, depending on the plant species in focus, to facilitate rather than hamper the early stages of plant recruitment into lichen‐dominated arctic‐alpine heath vegetation.
    Keywords allelopathy ; autumn ; Cladonia rangiferina ; Cladonia stellaris ; drying ; growing season ; growth chambers ; lichens ; microclimate ; mountains ; seed germination ; seedling growth ; seeds ; soil temperature ; species recruitment ; vascular plants ; vegetation ; weather ; Norway
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-09
    Size p. 868-880.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 1053769-7
    ISSN 1100-9233
    ISSN 1100-9233
    DOI 10.1111/jvs.12773
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    Z 6267: Show issues
    + Dr 30: Show issues

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  7. Article ; Online: Vegetation change on mountaintops in northern Sweden

    Wu Chen Hagenberg, Liyenne / Vanneste, Thomas / Opedal, Øystein H. / Petlund, Hanne Torsdatter / Björkman, Mats P. / Björk, Robert G. / Holien, Håkon / Limpens, Juul / Molau, Ulf / Graae, Bente Jessen / De Frenne, Pieter

    Ecological Research

    Stable vascular-plant but reordering of lichen and bryophyte communities

    2022  Volume 37, Issue 6

    Abstract: Alpine ecosystems harbor remarkably diverse and distinct plant communities that are characteristically limited to harsh, and cold climatic conditions. As a result of thermal limitation to species occurrence, mountainous ecosystems are considered to be ... ...

    Abstract Alpine ecosystems harbor remarkably diverse and distinct plant communities that are characteristically limited to harsh, and cold climatic conditions. As a result of thermal limitation to species occurrence, mountainous ecosystems are considered to be particularly sensitive to climate change. Our understanding of the impact of climate change is mainly based on vascular plants however, whereas cryptogams (i.e., lichens and bryophytes) are generally neglected or simply considered as one functional group. Here we aimed to improve our understanding of the drivers underlying temporal changes in vegetation of alpine ecosystems. To this end, we repeatedly surveyed the vegetation on four mountain summits along an elevational gradient in northern Sweden spanning a 19-year period. Our results show that the vascular plant communities remained relatively stable throughout the study period, despite fluctuations in terms of ground cover and species richness of shrubs and graminoids. In contrast, both lichens and bryophytes substantially decreased in cover and diversity, leading to alterations in community composition that were unrelated to vascular plant cover. Thermophilization of the vascular plant community was found only on the two intermediate summits. Our findings are only partially consistent with (long-term) climate-change impacts, and we argue that local non-climatic drivers such as herbivory might offset vegetation responses to warming. Hence, we underline the importance of considering local non-climatic drivers when evaluating temporal vegetation change in biologically complex systems.
    Keywords alpine vegetation ; climate change impact ; ecosystem change ; lichens and bryophytes ; non-climatic drivers
    Subject code 580
    Language English
    Publishing country nl
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 233459-8
    ISSN 1440-1703 ; 0912-3814
    ISSN (online) 1440-1703
    ISSN 0912-3814
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article: Lichens and associated fungi from Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska.

    Spribille, Toby / Fryday, Alan M / Pérez-Ortega, Sergio / Svensson, Måns / Tønsberg, Tor / Ekman, Stefan / Holien, Håkon / Resl, Philipp / Schneider, Kevin / Stabentheiner, Edith / Thüs, Holger / Vondrák, Jan / Sharman, Lewis

    Lichenologist (London, England)

    2020  Volume 52, Issue 2, Page(s) 61–181

    Abstract: Lichens are widely acknowledged to be a key component of high latitude ecosystems. However, the time investment needed for full inventories and the lack of taxonomic identification resources for crustose lichen and lichenicolous fungal diversity have ... ...

    Abstract Lichens are widely acknowledged to be a key component of high latitude ecosystems. However, the time investment needed for full inventories and the lack of taxonomic identification resources for crustose lichen and lichenicolous fungal diversity have hampered efforts to fully gauge the depth of species richness in these ecosystems. Using a combination of classical field inventory and extensive deployment of chemical and molecular analysis, we assessed the diversity of lichens and associated fungi in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska (USA), a mixed landscape of coastal boreal rainforest and early successional low elevation habitats deglaciated after the Little Ice Age. We collected nearly 5000 specimens and found a total of 947 taxa, including 831 taxa of lichen-forming and 96 taxa of lichenicolous fungi together with 20 taxa of saprotrophic fungi typically included in lichen studies. A total of 98 species (10.3% of those detected) could not be assigned to known species and of those, two genera and 27 species are described here as new to science:
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1471008-0
    ISSN 1096-1135 ; 0024-2829
    ISSN (online) 1096-1135
    ISSN 0024-2829
    DOI 10.1017/S0024282920000079
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  9. Article: Lecidea coriacea sp. nov., a Lichen Species from Oldgrowth Boreal and Montane Forests in Europe and North America

    Holien, Håkon / Björk Curtis R / Goward Trevor / Palice Zdeněk / Spribille Toby

    Herzogia. 2016 Dec., v. 29, no. 2

    2016  

    Abstract: Holien, H., Palice, Z., Björk, C. R., Goward, T. & Spribille, T. 2016. Lecidea coriacea sp. nov., a lichen species from oldgrowth boreal and montane forests in Europe and North America. — Herzogia 29: 412–420.Lecidea coriacea is described as new to ... ...

    Abstract Holien, H., Palice, Z., Björk, C. R., Goward, T. & Spribille, T. 2016. Lecidea coriacea sp. nov., a lichen species from oldgrowth boreal and montane forests in Europe and North America. — Herzogia 29: 412–420.Lecidea coriacea is described as new to science from the boreal forests of Europe and montane conifer forests of northwestern North America. It is probably related to some of the species currently assigned to the genus Puttea, but is included in Lecidea awaiting a more thorough revision of this group. The species is characterized by pale to dark brown apothecia, plusiosporic asci and by the production of secalonic acid A in the hypothecium causing a golden yellow reaction with KOH. Lecidea coriacea seems to be a species of oldgrowth forests and is threatened by forestry. It often grows on old trees of Betula, Picea and Salix or on old conifer snags. Notes on similar species and other plusiosporic epiphytic and lignicolous species in boreal forests are given.
    Keywords apothecia ; asci ; Betula ; boreal forests ; coniferous forests ; conifers ; epiphytes ; forestry ; Lecidea ; lichens ; montane forests ; new species ; Picea ; potassium hydroxide ; Salix ; snags ; trees ; Europe ; North America
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2016-12
    Size p. 412-420.
    Publishing place Bryological and Lichenological Association for Central Europe (BLAM)
    Document type Article
    ISSN 0018-0971
    DOI 10.13158%2Fheia.29.2.2016.412
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  10. Article: Combining genetic analyses of archived specimens with distribution modelling to explain the anomalous distribution of the rare lichen Staurolemma omphalarioides: long‐distance dispersal or vicariance?

    Bendiksby, Mika / Mazzoni, Sabrina / Jørgensen, Marte H / Halvorsen, Rune / Holien, Håkon / Pearman, Peter

    Journal of biogeography. 2014 Nov., v. 41, no. 11

    2014  

    Abstract: AIM: The rare lichen species Staurolemma omphalarioides is known mainly from the lowlands and coastal areas of the Mediterranean region but has also been found in coastal parts of central Norway. Despite extensive search efforts by experts for more than ... ...

    Abstract AIM: The rare lichen species Staurolemma omphalarioides is known mainly from the lowlands and coastal areas of the Mediterranean region but has also been found in coastal parts of central Norway. Despite extensive search efforts by experts for more than half a century, the species has been found nowhere in the gap. Our aim is to identify the most plausible explanation for this anomalous distribution by combining genetic analysis of archived specimens with distribution modelling. LOCATION: Europe, western Middle East and North Africa (but mainly the Mediterranean and Atlantic floristic regions). METHODS: We used multi‐locus DNA sequencing of archived specimens and phylogenetic and network analyses to reveal potential genetic lineages within S. omphalarioides. We used georeferenced specimens and bioclimatic variables to model the distributions of the species and two genetic lineages, and to find the main environmental correlates of the distributions. RESULTS: Our phylogeographical results show that S. omphalarioides contains genetic variation that correlates with geographical distance, although with a few shared haplotypes across disjunct ranges. Distributions of the species as well as the two genetic lineages are non‐random. Distribution models predict occurrences of the species as well as one of its genetic lineages outside the current range of the species. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that neither the species nor its component genetic lineages have reached their potential distributions. Shared haplotypes across disjunct distributions, and absence from regions with suitable refugial habitats along the Atlantic coast of Western Europe, support long‐distance dispersal, rather than vicariance, as the primary cause for the current distribution of the species.
    Keywords biogeography ; coasts ; experts ; genetic variation ; georeferencing ; habitats ; haplotypes ; lichens ; lowlands ; models ; phylogeny ; sequence analysis ; Mediterranean region ; Middle East ; Northern Africa ; Norway ; Western European region
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2014-11
    Size p. 2020-2031.
    Publishing place Blackwell Scientific Publications.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 188963-1
    ISSN 0305-0270
    ISSN 0305-0270
    DOI 10.1111/jbi.12347
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