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Article ; Online: Political and commercial prospects for inertial fusion energy.

Holland, Andrew

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

2020 Volume 378, Issue 2184, Page(s) 20200008

Abstract: Fusion energy holds the prospect of an energy source that is clean, safe, affordable and limitless. It will transform the global energy system. Today, around $1.5 billion in private capital has been invested in companies that are working on ... ...

Abstract	Fusion energy holds the prospect of an energy source that is clean, safe, affordable and limitless. It will transform the global energy system. Today, around $1.5 billion in private capital has been invested in companies that are working on transformative approaches to fusion. Annually, even more than that is spent on fusion research by governments around the world. However, just achieving a scientific demonstration of fusion power will not be enough on its own to transition the global energy system. It will require innovations in the legal, regulatory, commercial and political spheres to support the massive deployment of fusion power that we know will be necessary to meet the global challenges of climate change and energy scarcity. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Prospects for high gain inertial fusion energy (part 1)'.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208381-4
ISSN	1471-2962 ; 0080-4614 ; 0264-3820 ; 0264-3952 ; 1364-503X
ISSN (online)	1471-2962
ISSN	0080-4614 ; 0264-3820 ; 0264-3952 ; 1364-503X
DOI	10.1098/rsta.2020.0008
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Article ; Online: The current pattern of pediatric burn injuries in an Australian major burns center.

Mok, Sophie Yi Yu / Adams, Susan Elizabeth / Holland, Andrew John Anderson

Journal of burn care & research : official publication of the American Burn Association

2024

Abstract: Burns are a common mechanism of pediatric injury worldwide and are a notable cause of disability-adjusted life-years. Burns in children represent a unique challenge, due to the differences from adults regarding physical characteristics, physiology and ... ...

Abstract	Burns are a common mechanism of pediatric injury worldwide and are a notable cause of disability-adjusted life-years. Burns in children represent a unique challenge, due to the differences from adults regarding physical characteristics, physiology and psychology. This retrospective cohort study examined trends of pediatric burns in New South Wales (NSW), Australia from 2010-22. It specifically focused on the changes in burn etiology and patient characteristics, body area affected, total body surface area, first aid, location and management. It also compared a 'Pre-COVID-19' and 'Peri-COVID-19' era to analyze the impact of COVID-19 on the pattern of pediatric burns, as children are at higher risk of injury during times of social disruption. The study found that burns in children continue to be concentrated in the toddler and preschooler age group and the main mechanisms of injury remain as scald and contact burns. In recent years, there has been a rising trend of friction burns, alongside a fall in flame burns and severe burns. Management of pediatric burns has also evolved, with predominant use of ambulatory care and low rates of admission and operative intervention. Trends in burn injury continue to evolve with time and over the last decade in NSW, key changes in the pattern of pediatric burns have been observed, with evolving mechanisms of injury, reduced severity of burns and a shift towards ambulatory care.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2224246-6
ISSN	1559-0488 ; 1559-047X
ISSN (online)	1559-0488
ISSN	1559-047X
DOI	10.1093/jbcr/irae015
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Article ; Online: Time is of the essence: the molecular mechanisms of primary microcephaly.

Phan, Thao P / Holland, Andrew J

Genes & development

2021 Volume 35, Issue 23-24, Page(s) 1551–1578

Abstract: Primary microcephaly is a brain growth disorder characterized by a severe reduction of brain size and thinning of the cerebral cortex. Many primary microcephaly mutations occur in genes that encode centrosome proteins, highlighting an important role for ... ...

Abstract	Primary microcephaly is a brain growth disorder characterized by a severe reduction of brain size and thinning of the cerebral cortex. Many primary microcephaly mutations occur in genes that encode centrosome proteins, highlighting an important role for centrosomes in cortical development. Centrosomes are microtubule organizing centers that participate in several processes, including controlling polarity, catalyzing spindle assembly in mitosis, and building primary cilia. Understanding which of these processes are altered and how these disruptions contribute to microcephaly pathogenesis is a central unresolved question. In this review, we revisit the different models that have been proposed to explain how centrosome dysfunction impairs cortical development. We review the evidence supporting a unified model in which centrosome defects reduce cell proliferation in the developing cortex by prolonging mitosis and activating a mitotic surveillance pathway. Finally, we also extend our discussion to centrosome-independent microcephaly mutations, such as those involved in DNA replication and repair.
MeSH term(s)	Cell Cycle ; Centrosome/metabolism ; Humans ; Microcephaly/genetics ; Mitosis/genetics ; Neurogenesis ; Spindle Apparatus/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	806684-x
ISSN	1549-5477 ; 0890-9369
ISSN (online)	1549-5477
ISSN	0890-9369
DOI	10.1101/gad.348866.121
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Article: Preventing Tomorrow's Climate Wars.

Holland, Andrew

Scientific American

2016 Volume 314, Issue 6, Page(s) 60–65

MeSH term(s)	Agriculture/statistics & numerical data ; Arctic Regions ; China ; Climate Change ; Droughts ; Freezing ; Ice Cover ; Military Personnel ; Nigeria ; Pacific Ocean ; Politics ; Russia ; Territoriality ; Terrorism ; United States ; Warfare
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-05-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	246-x
ISSN	1946-7087 ; 0036-8733
ISSN (online)	1946-7087
ISSN	0036-8733
DOI	10.1038/scientificamerican0616-60
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Article ; Online: Correction: PLK4 self-phosphorylation drives the selection of a single site for procentriole assembly.

Scott, Phillip / Curinha, Ana / Gliech, Colin / Holland, Andrew J

The Journal of cell biology

2023 Volume 223, Issue 1

Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	218154-x
ISSN	1540-8140 ; 0021-9525
ISSN (online)	1540-8140
ISSN	0021-9525
DOI	10.1083/jcb.20230106912112023c
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Article ; Online: PLK4 self-phosphorylation drives the selection of a single site for procentriole assembly.

Scott, Phillip / Curinha, Ana / Gliech, Colin / Holland, Andrew J

The Journal of cell biology

2023 Volume 222, Issue 12

Abstract: Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) is a key regulator of centriole biogenesis, but how PLK4 selects a single site for procentriole assembly remains unclear. Using ultrastructure expansion microscopy, we show that PLK4 localizes to discrete sites along the wall of ...

Abstract	Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) is a key regulator of centriole biogenesis, but how PLK4 selects a single site for procentriole assembly remains unclear. Using ultrastructure expansion microscopy, we show that PLK4 localizes to discrete sites along the wall of parent centrioles. While there is variation in the number of sites PLK4 occupies on the parent centriole, most PLK4 localize at a dominant site that directs procentriole assembly. Inhibition of PLK4 activity leads to stable binding of PLK4 to the centriole and increases occupancy to a maximum of nine sites. We show that self-phosphorylation of an unstructured linker promotes the release of active PLK4 from the centriole to drive the selection of a single site for procentriole assembly. Preventing linker phosphorylation blocks PLK4 turnover, leading to supernumerary sites of PLK4 localization and centriole amplification. Therefore, self-phosphorylation is a major driver of the spatial patterning of PLK4 at the centriole and plays a critical role in selecting a single centriole duplication site.
MeSH term(s)	Cell Cycle/physiology ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Centrioles/genetics ; Centrioles/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Humans ; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics ; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Cell Cycle Proteins ; PLK4 protein, human (EC 2.7.1.-) ; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases (EC 2.7.11.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	218154-x
ISSN	1540-8140 ; 0021-9525
ISSN (online)	1540-8140
ISSN	0021-9525
DOI	10.1083/jcb.202301069
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Article ; Online: Paediatric intestinal pseudo-obstruction: a scoping review.

Nham, Susan / Nguyen, Alexander T M / Holland, Andrew J A

European journal of pediatrics

2022 Volume 181, Issue 7, Page(s) 2619–2632

Abstract: Paediatric intestinal pseudo-obstruction (PIPO) encompasses a group of rare disorders in which patients present with the clinical features of bowel obstruction in the absence of mechanical occlusion. The management of PIPO presents a challenge as ... ...

Abstract	Paediatric intestinal pseudo-obstruction (PIPO) encompasses a group of rare disorders in which patients present with the clinical features of bowel obstruction in the absence of mechanical occlusion. The management of PIPO presents a challenge as evidence remains limited on available medical and surgical therapy. Parenteral nutrition is often the mainstay of therapy. Long-term therapy may culminate in life-threatening complications including intestinal failure-related liver disease, central line thrombosis and sepsis. Intestinal transplantation remains the only definitive cure in PIPO but is a complex and resource-limited solution associated with its own morbidity and mortality. We conducted a scoping review to present a contemporary summary of the epidemiology, aetiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, management and complications of PIPO.Conclusion: PIPO represents a rare disorder that is difficult to diagnose and challenging to treat, with significant morbitity and mortality. The only known cure is intestinal transplantation. What is Known: • Paediatric intestinal pseudo-obstruction is a rare, heterogeneous disorder that confers a high rate of morbidity and mortality • Complications of paediatric intestinal pseudo-obstruction include chronic pain, small intestine bacterial overgrowth and malrotation. Other complications can occur related to its management, such as line infections with parenteral nutrition or cardiac side effects of prokinetic medications What is New: • Progress in medical and surgical therapy in recent years has led to improved patient outcomes • Enteral autonomy has been reported in most patients at as early as 1 month post-transplantation.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction/diagnosis ; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction/etiology ; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction/therapy ; Intestine, Small ; Intestines ; Parenteral Nutrition/adverse effects
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-28
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	194196-3
ISSN	1432-1076 ; 0340-6199 ; 0943-9676
ISSN (online)	1432-1076
ISSN	0340-6199 ; 0943-9676
DOI	10.1007/s00431-021-04365-9
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Article ; Online: Keeping track of time: The fundamentals of cellular clocks.

Gliech, Colin R / Holland, Andrew J

The Journal of cell biology

2020 Volume 219, Issue 11

Abstract: Biological timekeeping enables the coordination and execution of complex cellular processes such as developmental programs, day/night organismal changes, intercellular signaling, and proliferative safeguards. While these systems are often considered ... ...

Abstract	Biological timekeeping enables the coordination and execution of complex cellular processes such as developmental programs, day/night organismal changes, intercellular signaling, and proliferative safeguards. While these systems are often considered separately owing to a wide variety of mechanisms, time frames, and outputs, all clocks are built by calibrating or delaying the rate of biochemical reactions and processes. In this review, we explore the common themes and core design principles of cellular clocks, giving special consideration to the challenges associated with building timers from biochemical components. We also outline how evolution has coopted time to increase the reliability of a diverse range of biological systems.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cell Physiological Phenomena ; Circadian Clocks ; Circadian Rhythm ; Humans ; Signal Transduction
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	218154-x
ISSN	1540-8140 ; 0021-9525
ISSN (online)	1540-8140
ISSN	0021-9525
DOI	10.1083/jcb.202005136
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Article ; Online: Paediatric pelvic fractures - an updated literature review.

Nguyen, Alexander T M / Drynan, David P / Holland, Andrew J A

ANZ journal of surgery

2022 Volume 92, Issue 12, Page(s) 3182–3194

Abstract: Background: Pelvic fractures in children are indicative of significant trauma. Patients will often have associated injuries - some of which require urgent intervention to prevent death and disability. Paediatric and adult pelvises respond to traumatic ... ...

Abstract	Background: Pelvic fractures in children are indicative of significant trauma. Patients will often have associated injuries - some of which require urgent intervention to prevent death and disability. Paediatric and adult pelvises respond to traumatic forces differently and distinct approaches are required for each population. Historically, pelvic fractures have been treated conservatively, but this trend is changing with a better understanding of the pelvis' inability to remodel significant deformity, as well as new techniques for operative fixation. Methods: A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted for articles published between 2000 and 2020 on paediatric pelvic fractures using medical databases including PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library. Results: We included 143 studies in our literature review and summarized the incidence, pathophysiology, assessment, management and complications associated with paediatric pelvic fractures. Conclusions: The rarity of paediatric pelvic fractures corresponds with a paucity of randomized clinical trials covering this topic. Trends such as the screening pelvic x-ray are derived from adult populations but are now questioned in children. Other aspects of assessment and management of these children warrant such levels of scrutiny.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Fractures, Bone/therapy ; Fractures, Bone/diagnostic imaging ; Incidence ; Pelvic Bones/surgery ; Pelvis ; Radiography
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-03
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2050749-5
ISSN	1445-2197 ; 1445-1433 ; 0004-8682
ISSN (online)	1445-2197
ISSN	1445-1433 ; 0004-8682
DOI	10.1111/ans.17890
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Article ; Online: PLK4 promotes centriole duplication by phosphorylating STIL to link the procentriole cartwheel to the microtubule wall.

Moyer, Tyler Chistopher / Holland, Andrew Jon

eLife

2019 Volume 8

Abstract: Centrioles play critical roles in organizing the assembly of the mitotic spindle and templating the formation of primary cilia. Centriole duplication occurs once per cell cycle and is regulated by Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4). Although significant progress ... ...

Abstract	Centrioles play critical roles in organizing the assembly of the mitotic spindle and templating the formation of primary cilia. Centriole duplication occurs once per cell cycle and is regulated by Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4). Although significant progress has been made in understanding centriole composition, we have limited knowledge of how PLK4 activity controls specific steps in centriole formation. Here, we show that PLK4 phosphorylates its centriole substrate STIL on a conserved site, S428, to promote STIL binding to CPAP. This phospho-dependent binding interaction is conserved in
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Centrioles/metabolism ; Drosophila ; Drosophila Proteins/metabolism ; Microtubules/metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Organelle Biogenesis ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Drosophila Proteins ; Nuclear Proteins ; Sas-4 protein, Drosophila ; Stil protein, Drosophila ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Sak protein, Drosophila (EC 2.7.11.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2687154-3
ISSN	2050-084X ; 2050-084X
ISSN (online)	2050-084X
ISSN	2050-084X
DOI	10.7554/eLife.46054
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