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  1. Article ; Online: Out of control: The need for standardised solvent approaches and data reporting in antibiofilm assays incorporating dimethyl-sulfoxide (DMSO).

    Summer, Kate / Browne, Jessica / Hollanders, Matthijs / Benkendorff, Kirsten

    Biofilm

    2022  Volume 4, Page(s) 100081

    Abstract: Bacteria in biofilm formations are up to 1000 times less susceptible to antibiotics than their planktonic counterparts. Recognition of the role of biofilms in ∼80% of chronic infections, their contribution to bacterial tolerance and development of ... ...

    Abstract Bacteria in biofilm formations are up to 1000 times less susceptible to antibiotics than their planktonic counterparts. Recognition of the role of biofilms in ∼80% of chronic infections, their contribution to bacterial tolerance and development of antimicrobial resistance, and thus the search for compounds with antibiofilm properties, has increased greatly in recent years. The need for robust experimental methods is therefore critical but currently undermined by inappropriate controls when dimethyl-sulfoxide (DMSO) is used to enhance test compound solubility. DMSO is known to have a limited effect on planktonic growth, but emerging data indicates that the solvent can affect biofilm formation even at low concentrations. Here, we present both a literature review on the application of DMSO in
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-17
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2590-2075
    ISSN (online) 2590-2075
    DOI 10.1016/j.bioflm.2022.100081
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Limited impact of chytridiomycosis on juvenile frogs in a recovered species.

    Hollanders, Matthijs / Grogan, Laura F / McCallum, Hamish I / Brannelly, Laura A / Newell, David A

    Oecologia

    2023  Volume 202, Issue 2, Page(s) 445–454

    Abstract: The amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) has caused catastrophic frog declines on several continents, but disease outcome is mediated by a number of factors. Host life stage is an important consideration and many studies have ... ...

    Abstract The amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) has caused catastrophic frog declines on several continents, but disease outcome is mediated by a number of factors. Host life stage is an important consideration and many studies have highlighted the vulnerability of recently metamorphosed or juvenile frogs compared to adults. The majority of these studies have taken place in a laboratory setting, and there is a general paucity of longitudinal field studies investigating the influence of life stage on disease outcome. In this study, we assessed the effect of endemic Bd on juvenile Mixophyes fleayi (Fleay's barred frog) in subtropical eastern Australian rainforest. Using photographic mark-recapture, we made 386 captures of 116 individuals and investigated the effect of Bd infection intensity on the apparent mortality rates of frogs using a multievent model correcting for infection state misclassification. We found that neither Bd infection status nor infection intensity predicted mortality in juvenile frogs, counter to the expectation that early life stages are more vulnerable to disease, despite average high infection prevalence (0.35, 95% HDPI [0.14, 0.52]). Additionally, we found that observed infection prevalence and intensity were somewhat lower for juveniles than adults. Our results indicate that in this Bd-recovered species, the realized impacts of chytridiomycosis on juveniles were apparently low, likely resulting in high recruitment contributing to population stability. We highlight the importance of investigating factors relating to disease outcome in a field setting and make recommendations for future studies.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Animals ; Chytridiomycota ; Australia ; Anura/microbiology ; Mycoses/veterinary ; Mycoses/microbiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-22
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 123369-5
    ISSN 1432-1939 ; 0029-8549
    ISSN (online) 1432-1939
    ISSN 0029-8549
    DOI 10.1007/s00442-023-05406-w
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 70/109: Show issues

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  3. Article ; Online: Recovered frog populations coexist with endemic Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis despite load‐dependent mortality

    Hollanders, Matthijs / Grogan, Laura F. / Nock, Catherine J. / McCallum, Hamish I. / Newell, David A.

    Ecological Applications. 2023 Jan., v. 33, no. 1 p.e2724-

    2023  

    Abstract: Novel infectious diseases, particularly those caused by fungal pathogens, pose considerable risks to global biodiversity. The amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, Bd) has demonstrated the scale of the threat, having caused the ... ...

    Abstract Novel infectious diseases, particularly those caused by fungal pathogens, pose considerable risks to global biodiversity. The amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, Bd) has demonstrated the scale of the threat, having caused the greatest recorded loss of vertebrate biodiversity attributable to a pathogen. Despite catastrophic declines on several continents, many affected species have experienced population recoveries after epidemics. However, the potential ongoing threat of endemic Bd in these recovered or recovering populations is still poorly understood. We investigated the threat of endemic Bd to frog populations that recovered after initial precipitous declines, focusing on the endangered rainforest frog Mixophyes fleayi. We conducted extensive field surveys over 4 years at three independent sites in eastern Australia. First, we compared Bd infection prevalence and infection intensities within frog communities to reveal species‐specific infection patterns. Then, we analyzed mark‐recapture data of M. fleayi to estimate the impact of Bd infection intensity on apparent mortality rates and Bd infection dynamics. We found that M. fleayi had lower infection intensities than sympatric frogs across the three sites, and cleared infections at higher rates than they gained infections throughout the study period. By incorporating time‐varying individual infection intensities, we show that healthy M. fleayi populations persist despite increased apparent mortality associated with infrequent high Bd loads. Infection dynamics were influenced by environmental conditions, with Bd prevalence, infection intensity, and rates of gaining infection associated with lower temperatures and increased rainfall. However, mortality remained constant year‐round despite these fluctuations in Bd infections, suggesting major mortality events did not occur over the study period. Together, our results demonstrate that while Bd is still a potential threat to recovered populations of M. fleayi, high rates of clearing infections and generally low average infection loads likely minimize mortality caused by Bd. Our results are consistent with pathogen resistance contributing to the coexistence of M. fleayi with endemic Bd. We emphasize the importance of incorporating infection intensity into disease models rather than infection status alone. Similar population and infection dynamics likely exist within other recovered amphibian‐Bd systems around the globe, promising longer‐term persistence in the face of endemic chytridiomycosis.
    Keywords Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis ; biodiversity ; frogs ; fungi ; mark-recapture studies ; mortality ; pathogens ; rain ; rain forests ; sympatry ; Australia
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-01
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 1074505-1
    ISSN 1939-5582 ; 1051-0761
    ISSN (online) 1939-5582
    ISSN 1051-0761
    DOI 10.1002/eap.2724
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 5240: Show issues

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  4. Article: Recovered frog populations coexist with endemic Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis despite load-dependent mortality.

    Hollanders, Matthijs / Grogan, Laura F / Nock, Catherine J / McCallum, Hamish I / Newell, David A

    Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America

    2022  Volume 33, Issue 1, Page(s) e2724

    Abstract: Novel infectious diseases, particularly those caused by fungal pathogens, pose considerable risks to global biodiversity. The amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, Bd) has demonstrated the scale of the threat, having caused the ... ...

    Abstract Novel infectious diseases, particularly those caused by fungal pathogens, pose considerable risks to global biodiversity. The amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, Bd) has demonstrated the scale of the threat, having caused the greatest recorded loss of vertebrate biodiversity attributable to a pathogen. Despite catastrophic declines on several continents, many affected species have experienced population recoveries after epidemics. However, the potential ongoing threat of endemic Bd in these recovered or recovering populations is still poorly understood. We investigated the threat of endemic Bd to frog populations that recovered after initial precipitous declines, focusing on the endangered rainforest frog Mixophyes fleayi. We conducted extensive field surveys over 4 years at three independent sites in eastern Australia. First, we compared Bd infection prevalence and infection intensities within frog communities to reveal species-specific infection patterns. Then, we analyzed mark-recapture data of M. fleayi to estimate the impact of Bd infection intensity on apparent mortality rates and Bd infection dynamics. We found that M. fleayi had lower infection intensities than sympatric frogs across the three sites, and cleared infections at higher rates than they gained infections throughout the study period. By incorporating time-varying individual infection intensities, we show that healthy M. fleayi populations persist despite increased apparent mortality associated with infrequent high Bd loads. Infection dynamics were influenced by environmental conditions, with Bd prevalence, infection intensity, and rates of gaining infection associated with lower temperatures and increased rainfall. However, mortality remained constant year-round despite these fluctuations in Bd infections, suggesting major mortality events did not occur over the study period. Together, our results demonstrate that while Bd is still a potential threat to recovered populations of M. fleayi, high rates of clearing infections and generally low average infection loads likely minimize mortality caused by Bd. Our results are consistent with pathogen resistance contributing to the coexistence of M. fleayi with endemic Bd. We emphasize the importance of incorporating infection intensity into disease models rather than infection status alone. Similar population and infection dynamics likely exist within other recovered amphibian-Bd systems around the globe, promising longer-term persistence in the face of endemic chytridiomycosis.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Batrachochytrium ; Chytridiomycota ; Anura ; Mycoses/epidemiology ; Mycoses/veterinary ; Mycoses/microbiology ; Biodiversity
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1074505-1
    ISSN 1939-5582 ; 1051-0761
    ISSN (online) 1939-5582
    ISSN 1051-0761
    DOI 10.1002/eap.2724
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

    Full text online

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 5240: Show issues

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  5. Article ; Online: Mechanisms underlying host persistence following amphibian disease emergence determine appropriate management strategies.

    Brannelly, Laura A / McCallum, Hamish I / Grogan, Laura F / Briggs, Cheryl J / Ribas, Maria P / Hollanders, Matthijs / Sasso, Thais / Familiar López, Mariel / Newell, David A / Kilpatrick, Auston M

    Ecology letters

    2020  Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 130–148

    Abstract: Emerging infectious diseases have caused many species declines, changes in communities and even extinctions. There are also many species that persist following devastating declines due to disease. The broad mechanisms that enable host persistence ... ...

    Abstract Emerging infectious diseases have caused many species declines, changes in communities and even extinctions. There are also many species that persist following devastating declines due to disease. The broad mechanisms that enable host persistence following declines include evolution of resistance or tolerance, changes in immunity and behaviour, compensatory recruitment, pathogen attenuation, environmental refugia, density-dependent transmission and changes in community composition. Here we examine the case of chytridiomycosis, the most important wildlife disease of the past century. We review the full breadth of mechanisms allowing host persistence, and synthesise research on host, pathogen, environmental and community factors driving persistence following chytridiomycosis-related declines and overview the current evidence and the information required to support each mechanism. We found that for most species the mechanisms facilitating persistence have not been identified. We illustrate how the mechanisms that drive long-term host population dynamics determine the most effective conservation management strategies. Therefore, understanding mechanisms of host persistence is important because many species continue to be threatened by disease, some of which will require intervention. The conceptual framework we describe is broadly applicable to other novel disease systems.
    MeSH term(s) Amphibians ; Animals ; Chytridiomycota ; Mycoses/veterinary ; Population Dynamics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1441608-6
    ISSN 1461-0248 ; 1461-023X
    ISSN (online) 1461-0248
    ISSN 1461-023X
    DOI 10.1111/ele.13621
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 2005/709: Show issues

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    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

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