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  1. Article: Crustal Strain Patterns Associated With Normal, Drought, and Heavy Precipitation Years in California

    Kim, Jeonghyeop / Bahadori, Alireza / Holt, William E.

    Journal of geophysical research. 2021 Jan., v. 126, no. 1

    2021  

    Abstract: We invert continuously operating Global Positioning System (cGPS) data obtained between 2007 and 2019 to quantify non steady‐state horizontal strain anomalies in California. Our long‐wavelength transient strain model shows seasonal and multiannual ... ...

    Abstract We invert continuously operating Global Positioning System (cGPS) data obtained between 2007 and 2019 to quantify non steady‐state horizontal strain anomalies in California. Our long‐wavelength transient strain model shows seasonal and multiannual variations in horizontal strain anomalies within the plate boundary zone. During the summer, in general, a zone of extensional dilatation develops along the San Andreas Fault zone and Sierra Nevada, whereas contractional dilatation develops along the Eastern California Shear Zone (ECSZ) north of 36.5°N. The patterns of dilatational strain are opposite during the winter. We find that these seasonal strain anomaly patterns vary in magnitude, depending on precipitation intensity in California. Investigating hydrologic loading models and their horizontal elastic responses reveal that water mass loads on the surface from the precipitation in California are the major sources of the observed long‐wavelength horizontal transient strains. We show, however, that a heavy damping in the inversion of the cGPS data is required for the long‐wavelength horizontal strain solutions to best match with the expected elastic response from hydrologic loading. Appropriate fitting of the horizontal cGPS yields amplified horizontal strain signals in the Sierra Nevada, along regions adjacent to the San Andreas Fault, and within the ECSZ. The larger‐than‐expected amplitudes may be associated with poroelastic responses or thermoelastic changes that are superimposed on the hydrologic response. We demonstrate that there is a persistent sharp boundary of horizontal dilatational strain domains at the transition between the High Sierra and Basin and Range Province, caused by the sharp gradient in hydrologic loading there.
    Keywords basins ; drought ; geophysics ; hydrology ; mountains ; research ; summer ; winter ; California
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-01
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ISSN 2169-9313
    DOI 10.1029/2020JB019560
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article ; Online: Geodynamic evolution of southwestern North America since the Late Eocene.

    Bahadori, Alireza / Holt, William E

    Nature communications

    2019  Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 5213

    Abstract: Slab rollback, lithospheric body forces, or evolution of plate boundary conditions are strongly debated as possible lithospheric driving mechanisms for Cenozoic extension in southwestern North America. By incorporating paleo-topography, lithospheric ... ...

    Abstract Slab rollback, lithospheric body forces, or evolution of plate boundary conditions are strongly debated as possible lithospheric driving mechanisms for Cenozoic extension in southwestern North America. By incorporating paleo-topography, lithospheric structure, and paleo-boundary conditions, we develop a complete geodynamic model that quantifies lithospheric deviatoric stresses and predicts extension and shear history since Late Eocene. We show that lithospheric body forces together with influence of change-over from subduction to transtensional boundary conditions from Late Eocene to Early Miocene were the primary driving factors controlling direction and magnitude of extensional deviatoric stresses that produced topographic collapse. After paleo-highlands collapsed, influence of Pacific-North America plate motion and associated deformation style along the plate boundary became increasingly important from Middle Miocene to present. Smaller-scale convection stress effects from slab rollback and associated mantle flow played only a minor role. However, slab rollback guided deformation rate through introduction of melts and fluids that impacted rheology.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-11-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-019-12950-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Crustal Strain Patterns Associated With Normal, Drought, and Heavy Precipitation Years in California.

    Kim, Jeonghyeop / Bahadori, Alireza / Holt, William E

    Journal of geophysical research. Solid earth

    2021  Volume 126, Issue 1, Page(s) e2020JB019560

    Abstract: We invert continuously operating Global Positioning System (cGPS) data obtained between 2007 and 2019 to quantify non steady-state horizontal strain anomalies in California. Our long-wavelength transient strain model shows seasonal and multiannual ... ...

    Abstract We invert continuously operating Global Positioning System (cGPS) data obtained between 2007 and 2019 to quantify non steady-state horizontal strain anomalies in California. Our long-wavelength transient strain model shows seasonal and multiannual variations in horizontal strain anomalies within the plate boundary zone. During the summer, in general, a zone of extensional dilatation develops along the San Andreas Fault zone and Sierra Nevada, whereas contractional dilatation develops along the Eastern California Shear Zone (ECSZ) north of 36.5°N. The patterns of dilatational strain are opposite during the winter. We find that these seasonal strain anomaly patterns vary in magnitude, depending on precipitation intensity in California. Investigating hydrologic loading models and their horizontal elastic responses reveal that water mass loads on the surface from the precipitation in California are the major sources of the observed long-wavelength horizontal transient strains. We show, however, that a heavy damping in the inversion of the cGPS data is required for the long-wavelength horizontal strain solutions to best match with the expected elastic response from hydrologic loading. Appropriate fitting of the horizontal cGPS yields amplified horizontal strain signals in the Sierra Nevada, along regions adjacent to the San Andreas Fault, and within the ECSZ. The larger-than-expected amplitudes may be associated with poroelastic responses or thermoelastic changes that are superimposed on the hydrologic response. We demonstrate that there is a persistent sharp boundary of horizontal dilatational strain domains at the transition between the High Sierra and Basin and Range Province, caused by the sharp gradient in hydrologic loading there.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2016813-5
    ISSN 2169-9356 ; 2169-9313
    ISSN (online) 2169-9356
    ISSN 2169-9313
    DOI 10.1029/2020JB019560
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Data for “joint modeling of lithosphere and mantle dynamics: Sensitivity to viscosities within the lithosphere, asthenosphere, transition zone, and D″ layers”

    Wang, Xinguo / Holt, William E. / Ghosh, Attreyee

    Data in Brief. 2020 Feb., v. 28

    2020  

    Abstract: The article presents the data calculated from four different viscosity structures V1, V2 [1], SH08 [2], and GHW13 [3], as well as two tomography models S40RTS [4] and SAW642AN [5], using the joint modeling of lithosphere and mantle dynamics technique [3, ...

    Abstract The article presents the data calculated from four different viscosity structures V1, V2 [1], SH08 [2], and GHW13 [3], as well as two tomography models S40RTS [4] and SAW642AN [5], using the joint modeling of lithosphere and mantle dynamics technique [3, 6–9]. Besides, the data contain the information on the viscosity variations of the lithosphere, asthenosphere, transition zone, and D″ layer based on the viscosity structure SH08.
    Keywords models ; tomography ; viscosity
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-02
    Publishing place Elsevier Inc.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2786545-9
    ISSN 2352-3409
    ISSN 2352-3409
    DOI 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104935
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article: Repeating Nontectonic Seasonal Stress Changes and a Possible Triggering Mechanism of the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence in California.

    Kim, Jeonghyeop / Holt, William E / Bahadori, Alireza / Shen, Weisen

    Journal of geophysical research. Solid earth

    2021  Volume 126, Issue 10, Page(s) e2021JB022188

    Abstract: Here we characterize the 13-year history of nontectonic horizontal strain anomalies across the regions surrounding Ridgecrest, CA, using cGPS data from January 2007. This time-dependent model reveals a seasonality in the nontectonic strain anomalies and ... ...

    Abstract Here we characterize the 13-year history of nontectonic horizontal strain anomalies across the regions surrounding Ridgecrest, CA, using cGPS data from January 2007. This time-dependent model reveals a seasonality in the nontectonic strain anomalies and the associated Coulomb stress changes of ∼±0.5-2 kPa. In the area surrounding the epicenters of the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence of July, we find that the seasonal preseismic Coulomb stress changes peaked every early summer (May and June) during the last 13 years including during June 2019, a month prior to the large events. In addition, our statistical tests confirm that more strike-slip earthquakes (M
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2016813-5
    ISSN 2169-9356 ; 2169-9313
    ISSN (online) 2169-9356
    ISSN 2169-9313
    DOI 10.1029/2021JB022188
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Data for "joint modeling of lithosphere and mantle dynamics: Sensitivity to viscosities within the lithosphere, asthenosphere, transition zone, and D" layers".

    Wang, Xinguo / Holt, William E / Ghosh, Attreyee

    Data in brief

    2019  Volume 28, Page(s) 104935

    Abstract: The article presents the data calculated from four different viscosity structures V1, V2 [1], SH08 [2], and GHW13 [3], as well as two tomography models S40RTS [4] and SAW642AN [5], using the joint modeling of lithosphere and mantle dynamics technique [3, ...

    Abstract The article presents the data calculated from four different viscosity structures V1, V2 [1], SH08 [2], and GHW13 [3], as well as two tomography models S40RTS [4] and SAW642AN [5], using the joint modeling of lithosphere and mantle dynamics technique [3, 6-9]. Besides, the data contain the information on the viscosity variations of the lithosphere, asthenosphere, transition zone, and D″ layer based on the viscosity structure SH08.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-12-05
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2786545-9
    ISSN 2352-3409 ; 2352-3409
    ISSN (online) 2352-3409
    ISSN 2352-3409
    DOI 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104935
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Tectonic influence on Cenozoic mammal richness and sedimentation history of the Basin and Range, western North America.

    Loughney, Katharine M / Badgley, Catherine / Bahadori, Alireza / Holt, William E / Rasbury, E Troy

    Science advances

    2021  Volume 7, Issue 45, Page(s) eabh4470

    Abstract: Tectonic activity can drive speciation and sedimentation, potentially causing the fossil and rock records to share common patterns through time. The Basin and Range of western North America arose through widespread extension and collapse of topographic ... ...

    Abstract Tectonic activity can drive speciation and sedimentation, potentially causing the fossil and rock records to share common patterns through time. The Basin and Range of western North America arose through widespread extension and collapse of topographic highlands in the Miocene, creating numerous basins with rich mammalian fossil records. We analyzed patterns of mammalian species richness from 36 to 0 million years ago in relation to the history of sediment accumulation to test whether intervals of high species richness corresponded with elevated sediment accumulation and fossil burial in response to tectonic deformation. We found that the sedimentary record of the Basin and Range tracks the tectonic evolution of landscapes, whereas species-richness trends reflect actual increased richness in the Miocene rather than increased fossil burial. The sedimentary record of the region broadly determines the preservation of the fossil record but does not drive the Miocene peak in mammalian species richness.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2810933-8
    ISSN 2375-2548 ; 2375-2548
    ISSN (online) 2375-2548
    ISSN 2375-2548
    DOI 10.1126/sciadv.abh4470
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  8. Article ; Online: The role of gravitational body forces in the development of metamorphic core complexes.

    Bahadori, Alireza / Holt, William E / Austermann, Jacqueline / Campbell, Lajhon / Rasbury, E Troy / Davis, Daniel M / Calvelage, Christopher M / Flesch, Lucy M

    Nature communications

    2022  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 5646

    Abstract: Within extreme continental extension areas, ductile middle crust is exhumed at the surface as metamorphic core complexes. Sophisticated quantitative models of extreme extension predicted upward transport of ductile middle-lower crust through time. Here ... ...

    Abstract Within extreme continental extension areas, ductile middle crust is exhumed at the surface as metamorphic core complexes. Sophisticated quantitative models of extreme extension predicted upward transport of ductile middle-lower crust through time. Here we develop a general model for metamorphic core complexes formation and demonstrate that they result from the collapse of a mountain belt supported by a thickened crustal root. We show that gravitational body forces generated by topography and crustal root cause an upward flow pattern of the ductile lower-middle crust, facilitated by a detachment surface evolving into low-angle normal fault. This detachment surface acquires large amounts of finite strain, consistent with thick mylonite zones found in metamorphic core complexes. Isostatic rebound exposes the detachment in a domed upwarp, while the final Moho discontinuity across the extended region relaxes to a flat geometry. This work suggests that belts of metamorphic core complexes are a fossil signature of collapsed highlands.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-022-33361-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Seasonal Nontectonic Loading Inferred From cGPS as a Potential Trigger for the M6.0 South Napa Earthquake

    Kraner, Meredith L. / Holt, William E. / Borsa, Adrian A.

    Journal of geophysical research. 2018 June, v. 123, no. 6

    2018  

    Abstract: We analyze crustal strain corresponding to transient continuous Global Positioning System (cGPS) horizontal displacements in Northern California, detecting a seasonal positive dilatational strain and Coulomb stress transient in the South Napa region ... ...

    Abstract We analyze crustal strain corresponding to transient continuous Global Positioning System (cGPS) horizontal displacements in Northern California, detecting a seasonal positive dilatational strain and Coulomb stress transient in the South Napa region peaking just before the 24 August 2014 M6.0 South Napa earthquake. Using data from 2007 to 2014, we show that average dilatational strain within a 500‐km² region encompassing South Napa and northern San Pablo Bay peaks in late summer at 76 ± 17 × 10⁻⁹, accompanied by a Coulomb stress change of 1.9 ± 0.8 kPa. The situation reverses in winter, with an average dilatational strain of −51 ± 17 × 10⁻⁹ and Coulomb stress change of −1.4 ± 0.8 kPa. Within a smaller 100‐km² area centered on the South Napa rupture, peak values are considerably higher, including a summer Coulomb stress peak of 5.1 ± 1.6 kPa. We examine regional seismicity but see no statistically significant correlation with seasonal Coulomb stressing in the declustered earthquake catalog. Using western U.S. vertical cGPS displacements, we estimate that strain from hydrologic loading explains ≤10% of the observed long‐wavelength strain and only 2–3% of peak strains around the South Napa rupture. Thermoelastic crustal strain estimated from temperature gradients between the San Francisco Bay and Sacramento Valley reaches values as high as 15% of the observed strain, but the strain patterns are not spatially consistent. Vertical deformation within the Sonoma and Napa Valley subbasins inferred from interferometric synthetic aperture radar explains large horizontal motions at nearby cGPS stations and suggests that seasonal changes in groundwater may contribute to observed strain and stress transients.
    Keywords deformation ; earthquakes ; geophysics ; groundwater ; interferometry ; research ; summer ; synthetic aperture radar ; winter ; California
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2018-06
    Size p. 5300-5322.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ISSN 2169-9313
    DOI 10.1029/2017JB015420
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  10. Article ; Online: Plate motions and stresses from global dynamic models.

    Ghosh, Attreyee / Holt, William E

    Science (New York, N.Y.)

    2012  Volume 335, Issue 6070, Page(s) 838–843

    Abstract: Delineating the driving forces behind plate motions is important for understanding the processes that have shaped Earth throughout its history. However, the accurate prediction of plate motions, boundary-zone deformation, rigidity, and stresses remains a ...

    Abstract Delineating the driving forces behind plate motions is important for understanding the processes that have shaped Earth throughout its history. However, the accurate prediction of plate motions, boundary-zone deformation, rigidity, and stresses remains a difficult frontier in numerical modeling. We present a global dynamic model that produces a good fit to such parameters by accounting for lateral viscosity variations in the top 200 kilometers of Earth, together with forces associated with topography and lithosphere structure, as well as coupling with mantle flow. The relative importance of shallow structure versus deeper mantle flow varies over Earth's surface. Our model reveals where mantle flow contributes toward driving or resisting plate motions. Furthermore, subducted slabs need not act as strong stress guides to satisfy global observations of plate motions and stress.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-02-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 128410-1
    ISSN 1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
    ISSN (online) 1095-9203
    ISSN 0036-8075
    DOI 10.1126/science.1214209
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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