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  1. Article ; Online: Using genetic markers to identify the origin of illegally traded agarwood-producing Aquilaria sinensis trees

    Zheng-Feng Wang / Hong-Lin Cao / Chu-Xiong Cai / Zhang-Ming Wang

    Global Ecology and Conservation, Vol 22, Iss , Pp - (2020)

    2020  

    Abstract: Because of high market demand, agarwood-producing trees are frequently illegally traded in Asia and are usually priced high if they are cut from natural forests. In China, some of these traded Aquilaria sinensis trees are declared to be from natural ... ...

    Abstract Because of high market demand, agarwood-producing trees are frequently illegally traded in Asia and are usually priced high if they are cut from natural forests. In China, some of these traded Aquilaria sinensis trees are declared to be from natural population(s) and are said to produce agarwood “easily and fast”. To distinguish the origins and genetic differences of natural populations from cultivated ones, we used genetic markers, microsatellites and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) to compare them to trees from both cultivated and known natural origin trees. Our microsatellite results revealed that the illegally traded trees were genetically close to cultivated trees, indicating that they were of cultivated origin. By separating SNPs into genic (in genic regions) and nongenic categories representing functional and non-functional SNPs, our results revealed that the genic SNP markers did not detect more genetic differences between the illegally traded A. sinensis trees and cultivated ones than the nongenic SNP markers did, indicating that they are not functionally discernable from the cultivated trees. Our study revealed that sources labelled as natural by poachers might not have natural origins, which is especially true for agarwood-producing species given their limited natural populations and their long and extensive cultivation history. Our results may reduce the public’s desire for natural agarwood from A. sinensis and other agarwood-producing species and benefit the legal agarwood trade.
    Keywords Conservation genetics ; Genetic diversity ; Microsatellite ; SNP ; RAD-Seq ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
    Subject code 580
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Endangered but genetically stable—Erythrophleum fordii within Feng Shui woodlands in suburbanized villages

    Zheng‐Feng Wang / Hai‐Lin Liu / Se‐Ping Dai / Hong‐Lin Cao / Rui‐Jiang Wang / Zhang‐Ming Wang

    Ecology and Evolution, Vol 9, Iss 19, Pp 10950-

    2019  Volume 10963

    Abstract: Abstract Feng Shui woodlands are naturally or artificially formed green areas in southern China. They are precious for maintaining ecosystem balance in modern semiurban environments. However, they are generally small and geographically isolated from each ...

    Abstract Abstract Feng Shui woodlands are naturally or artificially formed green areas in southern China. They are precious for maintaining ecosystem balance in modern semiurban environments. However, they are generally small and geographically isolated from each other, and the status of genetic diversity of the plant species within them has been almost neglected. Therefore, we studied the genetic diversity of the endangered Erythrophleum fordii in eight Feng Shui woodlands (a total of 1,061 individuals) in Guangzhou, a large city in southern China, using microsatellites. For comparison, one population with 33 individuals sampled in a nature reserve was also studied. Although our results indicate that significant demographic declines occurred historically in E. fordii, such declines have not resulted in consistent reductions in genetic variation over generations in Feng Shui populations in the recent past, and the levels of genetic variation in these populations were higher than or comparable to the genetic variation of the population in the nature reserve. In addition, our parentage and paternity analyses indicated widespread and potential long‐distance pollen flow within one Feng Shui woodland, indicating the presence of an unbroken pollination network, which would at least partially alleviate the genetic erosion due to habitat fragmentation and the unequal gene contributions of E. fordii parents to their progenies when favorable recruitment habitats are absent under most of the parent trees. Overall, our results suggest that E. fordii in Feng Shui woodlands may not be driven to extinction in the near future. Nevertheless, uncontrolled fast urban development with a lack of awareness of Feng Shui woodlands will cause the local extinction of E. fordii, which has already happened in some Feng Shui woodlands.
    Keywords bottleneck ; demographic history ; genetic diversity ; microsatellites ; parentage analysis ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Wiley
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article: The spatial genetic pattern of Castanopsis chinensis in a large forest plot with complex topography

    Wang, Zheng-Feng / Ju-Yu Lian / Wan-Hui Ye / Hong-Lin Cao / Zhang-Ming Wang

    Forest ecology and management. 2014 Apr. 15, v. 318

    2014  

    Abstract: Topography is an important environmental feature that affects the spatial genetic structures of plant species. However, its influence on such structures at small spatial scales has hardly been investigated for forest tree species even though many of them ...

    Abstract Topography is an important environmental feature that affects the spatial genetic structures of plant species. However, its influence on such structures at small spatial scales has hardly been investigated for forest tree species even though many of them are located in mountains with complex topographic features. Here we report the genetic structures of a pioneer species, Castanopsis chinensis (Fagaceae), in a 20-ha forest plot in Dinghushan in lower subtropical China, which has complex topographic features, such as valleys and ridges. C. chinensis typically undergoes wind pollination, but its seeds are dispersed by gravity and animals. Therefore, the mechanisms of transportation of its seeds may result in topography-dependent genetic structures, whereas wind-mediated pollen flow of C. chinensis may reduce such structures through counteracting the influence of topography. Our results indicate that most of the genetic patterns in C. chinensis in our study plot were attributable to wind-mediated pollen flow. However, we also found both seed and pollen flows could be impeded by ridges, causing some varied genetic patterns even between locations separated by only small distances. We observed that owing to topographic positions where they grew, the 13 old individuals that were probably the oldest in the southeast corner of the plot had not made major genetic contributions to the young individuals that had recently colonised previously clear-cut land in the rest of the plot. Therefore, our results indicate that we should consider both species life-history traits and topography when studying the genetic structures of plant populations in order to design sound conservation and management programs for the areas with complex topography.
    Keywords Castanopsis ; animals ; forest trees ; forests ; gravity ; life history ; mountains ; pioneer species ; pollen ; pollen flow ; seed dispersal ; seeds ; topography ; valleys ; wind pollination ; China
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2014-0415
    Size p. 318-325.
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 751138-3
    ISSN 0378-1127
    ISSN 0378-1127
    DOI 10.1016/j.foreco.2014.01.042
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article ; Online: Isolation and Characterization of Microsatellite Markers in Beilschmiedia roxburghiana (Lauraceae)

    Lu Liu / Zheng-Feng Wang / Qiao-Ming Li / Wan-Hui Ye / Hong-Lin Cao / Zhang-Ming Wang

    Applications in Plant Sciences, Vol 1, Iss 8, p

    2013  Volume 1200549

    Abstract: Premise of the study: Although there are as many as 250 species in the genus Beilschmiedia , their genetic diversity has been poorly investigated. Our objective was to develop microsatellite markers for B. roxburghiana to study its genetic diversity for ... ...

    Abstract Premise of the study: Although there are as many as 250 species in the genus Beilschmiedia , their genetic diversity has been poorly investigated. Our objective was to develop microsatellite markers for B. roxburghiana to study its genetic diversity for the sustainable management of this species. Methods and Results: Using the microsatellite-enriched library and PCR-based screening method, 22 microsatellite markers were developed and 10 showed high polymorphism in a population. The number of alleles per locus for these 10 microsatellites ranged from five to 19. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.298 to 1.000 and from 0.314 to 0.878, respectively. Conclusions: Our results from the 10 highly polymorphic microsatellites indicate that the principal reproductive mode of B. roxburghiana is clonal in the studied population. These microsatellites will facilitate further studies on genetic diversity and structure in B. roxburghiana .
    Keywords Beilschmiedia roxburghiana ; genetic diversity ; Lauraceae ; microsatellite markers ; population genetics ; Xishuangbanna Plot ; Science ; Q ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 590
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Botanical Society of America
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Different relationships between temporal phylogenetic turnover and phylogenetic similarity and in two forests were detected by a new null model.

    Jian-Xiong Huang / Jian Zhang / Yong Shen / Ju-yu Lian / Hong-lin Cao / Wan-hui Ye / Lin-fang Wu / Yue Bin

    PLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 4, p e

    2014  Volume 95703

    Abstract: Ecologists have been monitoring community dynamics with the purpose of understanding the rates and causes of community change. However, there is a lack of monitoring of community dynamics from the perspective of phylogeny.We attempted to understand ... ...

    Abstract Ecologists have been monitoring community dynamics with the purpose of understanding the rates and causes of community change. However, there is a lack of monitoring of community dynamics from the perspective of phylogeny.We attempted to understand temporal phylogenetic turnover in a 50 ha tropical forest (Barro Colorado Island, BCI) and a 20 ha subtropical forest (Dinghushan in southern China, DHS). To obtain temporal phylogenetic turnover under random conditions, two null models were used. The first shuffled names of species that are widely used in community phylogenetic analyses. The second simulated demographic processes with careful consideration on the variation in dispersal ability among species and the variations in mortality both among species and among size classes. With the two models, we tested the relationships between temporal phylogenetic turnover and phylogenetic similarity at different spatial scales in the two forests. Results were more consistent with previous findings using the second null model suggesting that the second null model is more appropriate for our purposes. With the second null model, a significantly positive relationship was detected between phylogenetic turnover and phylogenetic similarity in BCI at a 10 m×10 m scale, potentially indicating phylogenetic density dependence. This relationship in DHS was significantly negative at three of five spatial scales. This could indicate abiotic filtering processes for community assembly. Using variation partitioning, we found phylogenetic similarity contributed to variation in temporal phylogenetic turnover in the DHS plot but not in BCI plot.The mechanisms for community assembly in BCI and DHS vary from phylogenetic perspective. Only the second null model detected this difference indicating the importance of choosing a proper null model.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 590
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Phenotypic differentiation is associated with gender plasticity and its responsive delay to environmental changes in Alternanthera philoxeroides--phenotypic differentiation in alligator weed.

    Wei Liu / Ru-Fang Deng / Wen-Ping Liu / Zhang-Ming Wang / Wan-Hui Ye / Lan-Ying Wang / Hong-Lin Cao / Hao Shen

    PLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 11, p e

    2011  Volume 27238

    Abstract: Phenotypic plasticity is common in many taxa, and it may increase an organism's fitness in heterogeneous environments. However, in some cases, the frequency of environmental changes can be faster than the ability of the individual to produce new adaptive ...

    Abstract Phenotypic plasticity is common in many taxa, and it may increase an organism's fitness in heterogeneous environments. However, in some cases, the frequency of environmental changes can be faster than the ability of the individual to produce new adaptive phenotypes. The importance of such a time delay in terms of individual fitness and species adaptability has not been well studied. Here, we studied gender plasticity of Alternanthera philoxeroides to address this issue through a reciprocal transplant experiment. We observed that the genders of A. philoxeroides were plastic and reversible between monoclinous and pistillody depending on habitats, the offspring maintained the maternal genders in the first year but changed from year 2 to 5, and there was a cubic relationship between the rate of population gender changes and environmental variations. This relationship indicates that the species must overcome a threshold of environmental variations to switch its developmental path ways between the two genders. This threshold and the maternal gender stability cause a significant delay of gender changes in new environments. At the same time, they result in and maintain the two distinct habitat dependent gender phenotypes. We also observed that there was a significant and adaptive life-history differentiation between monoclinous and pistillody individuals and the gender phenotypes were developmentally linked with the life-history traits. Therefore, the gender phenotypes are adaptive. Low seed production, seed germination failure and matching phenotypes to habitats by gender plasticity indicate that the adaptive phenotypic diversity in A. philoxeroides may not be the result of ecological selection, but of gender plasticity. The delay of the adaptive gender phenotype realization in changing environments can maintain the differentiation between gender systems and their associated life-history traits, which may be an important component in evolution of novel traits and taxonomic diversity.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 590
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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