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  1. Article ; Online: Effect of the Extended Rigid Flapping Trailing Edge Fringe on an S833 Airfoil

    Hongtao Yu / Zifeng Yang

    Applied Sciences, Vol 12, Iss 444, p

    2022  Volume 444

    Abstract: A 2D numerical simulation was conducted to investigate the effect of an extended rigid trailing edge fringe with a flapping motion on the S833 airfoil and its wake flow field, as an analogy of an owl’s wing. This study aims to characterize the influence ... ...

    Abstract A 2D numerical simulation was conducted to investigate the effect of an extended rigid trailing edge fringe with a flapping motion on the S833 airfoil and its wake flow field, as an analogy of an owl’s wing. This study aims to characterize the influence of the extended flapping fringe on the aerodynamic performance and the wake flow characteristics downstream of the airfoil. The length ( L e ) and flapping frequencies ( f e ) of the fringe are the key parameters that dominate the impact on the airfoil and the flow field, given that the oscillation angular amplitude is fixed at 5°. The simulation results demonstrated that the airfoil with an extended fringe of 10% of the chord at a flapping frequency of f e = 110 Hz showed a substantial effect on the pressure distribution on the airfoil and the flow characteristics downstream of the airfoil. An irregular vortex street was predicted downstream, thus causing attenuations of the vorticities, and shorter streamwise gaps between each pair of vortices. The extended flapping fringe at a lower frequency than the natural shedding vortex frequency can effectively break the large vortex structure up into smaller scales, thus leading to an accelerated attenuation of vorticities in the wake.
    Keywords flapping fringe ; CFD simulation ; vortex attenuation ; aerodynamics enhancement ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 621
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Spindle Checkpoint Regulators in Insulin Signaling

    Eunhee Choi / Hongtao Yu

    Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Vol

    2018  Volume 6

    Abstract: The spindle checkpoint ensures accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis and guards against aneuploidy. Insulin signaling governs metabolic homeostasis and cell growth, and its dysregulation leads to metabolic disorders, such as diabetes. These ... ...

    Abstract The spindle checkpoint ensures accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis and guards against aneuploidy. Insulin signaling governs metabolic homeostasis and cell growth, and its dysregulation leads to metabolic disorders, such as diabetes. These critical pathways have been extensively investigated, but a link between the two has not been established until recently. Our recent study reveals a critical role of spindle checkpoint regulators in insulin signaling and metabolic homeostasis through regulating endocytosis of the insulin receptor (IR). These findings have linked spindle checkpoint proteins to metabolic regulation, expanding the connection between cell division and metabolism. Here, we briefly review the unexpected roles of spindle checkpoint regulators in vesicle trafficking and insulin signaling.
    Keywords spindle checkpoint ; mitosis ; insulin signaling ; endocytosis ; insulin receptor ; evolutionary repurposing ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Cardiac and renal function interactions in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

    Hongtao Yu / Sanchita Basu / K Melissa Hallow

    PLoS Computational Biology, Vol 16, Iss 8, p e

    A mathematical modeling analysis.

    2020  Volume 1008074

    Abstract: Congestive heart failure is characterized by suppressed cardiac output and arterial filling pressure, leading to renal retention of salt and water, contributing to further volume overload. Mathematical modeling provides a means to investigate the ... ...

    Abstract Congestive heart failure is characterized by suppressed cardiac output and arterial filling pressure, leading to renal retention of salt and water, contributing to further volume overload. Mathematical modeling provides a means to investigate the integrated function and dysfunction of heart and kidney in heart failure. This study updates our previously reported integrated model of cardiac and renal functions to account for the fluid exchange between the blood and interstitium across the capillary membrane, allowing the simulation of edema. A state of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HF-rEF) was then produced by altering cardiac parameters reflecting cardiac injury and cardiovascular disease, including heart contractility, myocyte hypertrophy, arterial stiffness, and systemic resistance. After matching baseline characteristics of the SOLVD clinical study, parameters governing rates of cardiac remodeling were calibrated to describe the progression of cardiac hemodynamic variables observed over one year in the placebo arm of the SOLVD clinical study. The model was then validated by reproducing improvements in cardiac function in the enalapril arm of SOLVD. The model was then applied to prospectively predict the response to the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor dapagliflozin, which has been shown to reduce heart failure events in HF-rEF patients in the recent DAPAHF clinical trial by incompletely understood mechanisms. The simulations predict that dapagliflozin slows cardiac remodeling by reducing preload on the heart, and relieves congestion by clearing interstitial fluid without excessively reducing blood volume. This provides a quantitative mechanistic explanation for the observed benefits of SGLT2i in HF-rEF. The model also provides a tool for further investigation of heart failure drug therapies.
    Keywords Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Insulin receptor endocytosis in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance

    Catherine Hall / Hongtao Yu / Eunhee Choi

    Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Vol 52, Iss 6, Pp 911-

    2020  Volume 920

    Abstract: ... Hongtao Yu, Westlake University, Hangzhou, and a coworker have reviewed how IR signaling is controlled ...

    Abstract Insulin: Keeping the receptors signaling A potential cancer treatment also shows promise for treatment of type 2 diabetes. When insulin receptors (IRs) on cell surfaces bind to insulin, they send out signals that trigger glucose uptake, lowering blood sugar. The duration of IR signaling is crucial for metabolic health, but its regulation is poorly understood. Eunhee Choi, Columbia University, New York, and Hongtao Yu, Westlake University, Hangzhou, and a coworker have reviewed how IR signaling is controlled. They report that inhibiting the protein SHP2 may prolong IR signaling and improve how the body responds to insulin. Because SHP2 is also implicated in cancer, inhibitors have already been developed and could be tested for treatment of metabolic diseases. These results illuminate the fundamentals of a key metabolic pathway, and may help in treatment of type 2 diabetes.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Biochemistry ; QD415-436
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: STAG2 promotes the myelination transcriptional program in oligodendrocytes

    Ningyan Cheng / Guanchen Li / Mohammed Kanchwala / Bret M Evers / Chao Xing / Hongtao Yu

    eLife, Vol

    2022  Volume 11

    Abstract: Cohesin folds chromosomes via DNA loop extrusion. Cohesin-mediated chromosome loops regulate transcription by shaping long-range enhancer–promoter interactions, among other mechanisms. Mutations of cohesin subunits and regulators cause human ... ...

    Abstract Cohesin folds chromosomes via DNA loop extrusion. Cohesin-mediated chromosome loops regulate transcription by shaping long-range enhancer–promoter interactions, among other mechanisms. Mutations of cohesin subunits and regulators cause human developmental diseases termed cohesinopathy. Vertebrate cohesin consists of SMC1, SMC3, RAD21, and either STAG1 or STAG2. To probe the physiological functions of cohesin, we created conditional knockout (cKO) mice with Stag2 deleted in the nervous system. Stag2 cKO mice exhibit growth retardation, neurological defects, and premature death, in part due to insufficient myelination of nerve fibers. Stag2 cKO oligodendrocytes exhibit delayed maturation and downregulation of myelination-related genes. Stag2 loss reduces promoter-anchored loops at downregulated genes in oligodendrocytes. Thus, STAG2-cohesin generates promoter-anchored loops at myelination-promoting genes to facilitate their transcription. Our study implicates defective myelination as a contributing factor to cohesinopathy and establishes oligodendrocytes as a relevant cell type to explore the mechanisms by which cohesin regulates transcription.
    Keywords cohesin ; loop extrusion ; transcription ; oligodendrocytes ; Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 572
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher eLife Sciences Publications Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Cryo-EM structure of human O-GlcNAcylation enzyme pair OGT-OGA complex

    Ping Lu / Yusong Liu / Maozhou He / Ting Cao / Mengquan Yang / Shutao Qi / Hongtao Yu / Haishan Gao

    Nature Communications, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2023  Volume 12

    Abstract: Abstract O-GlcNAcylation is a conserved post-translational modification that attaches N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) to myriad cellular proteins. In response to nutritional and hormonal signals, O-GlcNAcylation regulates diverse cellular processes by ... ...

    Abstract Abstract O-GlcNAcylation is a conserved post-translational modification that attaches N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) to myriad cellular proteins. In response to nutritional and hormonal signals, O-GlcNAcylation regulates diverse cellular processes by modulating the stability, structure, and function of target proteins. Dysregulation of O-GlcNAcylation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer, diabetes, and neurodegeneration. A single pair of enzymes, the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), catalyzes the addition and removal of O-GlcNAc on over 3,000 proteins in the human proteome. However, how OGT selects its native substrates and maintains the homeostatic control of O-GlcNAcylation of so many substrates against OGA is not fully understood. Here, we present the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of human OGT and the OGT-OGA complex. Our studies reveal that OGT forms a functionally important scissor-shaped dimer. Within the OGT-OGA complex structure, a long flexible OGA segment occupies the extended substrate-binding groove of OGT and positions a serine for O-GlcNAcylation, thus preventing OGT from modifying other substrates. Conversely, OGT disrupts the functional dimerization of OGA and occludes its active site, resulting in the blocking of access by other substrates. This mutual inhibition between OGT and OGA may limit the futile O-GlcNAcylation cycles and help to maintain O-GlcNAc homeostasis.
    Keywords Science ; Q
    Subject code 500
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Ontology summarization technology survey

    Yuehang DING,Hongtao YU,Ruiyang HUANG, Yingle LI

    网络与信息安全学报, Vol 4, Iss 10, Pp 12-

    2018  Volume 21

    Abstract: Ontology is an important tool for knowledge sharing,while it is also the upper structure of knowledge graph.With the explosion of data and ontology complexity,ontology understanding and application are becoming more and more difficult.As a technique to ... ...

    Abstract Ontology is an important tool for knowledge sharing,while it is also the upper structure of knowledge graph.With the explosion of data and ontology complexity,ontology understanding and application are becoming more and more difficult.As a technique to shrink ontology scale,ontology summarization accelerated ontology understanding and application technologically.Different definitions of ontology summarization were shown,ontology summarization methods were compared and analyzed,ontology summarization evaluation parameter system was introduced,and at last,possible future research area was given.
    Keywords knowledge graph ; ontology ; ontology summarization ; ontology evaluation ; Electronic computers. Computer science ; QA75.5-76.95
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher POSTS&TELECOM PRESS Co., LTD
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Spammer detection technology of social network based on graph convolution network

    Qiang QU,Hongtao YU, Ruiyang HUANG

    网络与信息安全学报, Vol 4, Iss 5, Pp 39-

    2018  Volume 46

    Abstract: In social networks,Spammer send advertisements that are useless to recipients without the recipient's permission,seriously threatening the information security of normal users and the credit system of social networking sites.In order to solve problems of ...

    Abstract In social networks,Spammer send advertisements that are useless to recipients without the recipient's permission,seriously threatening the information security of normal users and the credit system of social networking sites.In order to solve problems of extracting the shallow features and high computational complexity for the existing Spammer detection methods of social networks,a Spammer detection technology based on graph convolutional network(GCN) was proposed.Based on the network structure information,the method introduces the network representation learning algorithm to extract the network local structure feature,and combines the GCN algorithm under the re-regularization technology condition to obtain the network global structure feature to achieve the goal of detecting Spammer.Experiments are done on social network data of Tagged.com.The results show that this method has high accuracy and efficiency.
    Keywords cyberspace security ; spammer detection ; network representation learning ; gcn ; Electronic computers. Computer science ; QA75.5-76.95
    Subject code 006
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher POSTS&TELECOM PRESS Co., LTD
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Neural network-based link prediction algorithm

    Yonghao PAN,Hongtao YU, Shuxin LIU

    网络与信息安全学报, Vol 4, Iss 7, Pp 30-

    2018  Volume 38

    Abstract: To improve the difference existed in the link prediction accuracy and adaptability of different topology structure similarity based methods,a neural network-based link prediction algorithm,which fused similarity indices by neural network was proposed.The ...

    Abstract To improve the difference existed in the link prediction accuracy and adaptability of different topology structure similarity based methods,a neural network-based link prediction algorithm,which fused similarity indices by neural network was proposed.The algorithm uses neural network to study the numerical characteristics of different similarity indices,and uses particle swarm optimization to optimize the neural network,and calculates the fusion index by the optimized neural network model.The experiment on the real network data set shows that the prediction accuracy of the algorithm is obviously higher than that before the fusion,and the accuracy is better than the existing methods.
    Keywords complex network ; link prediction ; neural network ; back propagation algorithm ; Electronic computers. Computer science ; QA75.5-76.95
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher POSTS&TELECOM PRESS Co., LTD
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: MCM2–7-dependent cohesin loading during S phase promotes sister-chromatid cohesion

    Ge Zheng / Mohammed Kanchwala / Chao Xing / Hongtao Yu

    eLife, Vol

    2018  Volume 7

    Abstract: DNA replication transforms cohesin rings dynamically associated with chromatin into the cohesive form to establish sister-chromatid cohesion. Here, we show that, in human cells, cohesin loading onto chromosomes during early S phase requires the ... ...

    Abstract DNA replication transforms cohesin rings dynamically associated with chromatin into the cohesive form to establish sister-chromatid cohesion. Here, we show that, in human cells, cohesin loading onto chromosomes during early S phase requires the replicative helicase MCM2–7 and the kinase DDK. Cohesin and its loader SCC2/4 (NIPBL/MAU2 in humans) associate with DDK and phosphorylated MCM2–7. This binding does not require MCM2–7 activation by CDC45 and GINS, but its persistence on activated MCM2–7 requires fork-stabilizing replisome components. Inactivation of these replisome components impairs cohesin loading and causes interphase cohesion defects. Interfering with Okazaki fragment processing or nucleosome assembly does not impact cohesion. Therefore, MCM2–7-coupled cohesin loading promotes cohesion establishment, which occurs without Okazaki fragment maturation. We propose that the cohesin–loader complex bound to MCM2–7 is mobilized upon helicase activation, transiently held by the replisome, and deposited behind the replication fork to encircle sister chromatids and establish cohesion.
    Keywords DNA replication ; Sister-chromatid cohesion ; cohesin ; helicase ; pre-replication complex ; Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 570
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher eLife Sciences Publications Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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