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  1. Article ; Online: Diagnosis of Dry Eye Disease Using Principal Component Analysis: A Study in Animal Models of the Disease.

    Honkanen, Robert / Nemesure, Barbara / Huang, Liqun / Rigas, Basil

    Current eye research

    2021  Volume 46, Issue 5, Page(s) 622–629

    Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate whether principal component analysis (PCA) can assess various diagnostic tests of dry eye disease (DED), providing a simplified, more informative measure of disease status than individual clinical test parameters (ICTP).: ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: To evaluate whether principal component analysis (PCA) can assess various diagnostic tests of dry eye disease (DED), providing a simplified, more informative measure of disease status than individual clinical test parameters (ICTP).
    Materials and methods: ICTP were analyzed using PCA in two groups of normal rabbits (Groups 1 and 2). Group 3, not truly normal, was also assessed. DED was induced in Group 1 by complete dacryoadenectomy; in Groups 2 and 3 by injection of concanavalin A. Tear break up time, tear osmolarity, Schirmer's tear test and rose bengal staining were the ICTP measured in all groups. Statistical analysis including descriptive statistics, t test, correlation coefficients and PCA was done. PCA using ICTP data from Group 1 generated axes; Group 2 and 3 were plotted over these axes.
    Results: All groups had induction of DED. Correlations for all ICTP were in the correct direction and were strongest for Group 1 and weakest in Group 3. PCA clearly separated DED and normal eyes. Principal component (PC) 1, made up of nearly equal contributions from the four clinical tests, explained 73% of the variation and provided a means to separate normal from DED. PC 1 values under 0.52 can be mathematically defined as DED. Of all pairwise comparisons, PC 1 vs PC 2 and PC 1 vs PC 3 were the most informative providing excellent spatial separation and additional information regarding DED status.
    Conclusions: PCA proved useful for evaluating DED providing a simpler, more comprehensive assessment than ICTP. PC 1 is a valuable, clinically relevant, and informative metric for DED status and severity having superior diagnostic value and statistical strength compared to ICTP. Spatial information on biplots of PC 1 vs PC 3 is also informative. PCA, and specifically PC 1, has the potential to serve as a biomarker for DED.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dry Eye Syndromes/diagnosis ; Dry Eye Syndromes/physiopathology ; Male ; Osmolar Concentration ; Principal Component Analysis/methods ; Rabbits ; Tears/chemistry ; Tears/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 82079-9
    ISSN 1460-2202 ; 0271-3683
    ISSN (online) 1460-2202
    ISSN 0271-3683
    DOI 10.1080/02713683.2020.1830115
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: A case of facultative ophthalmomyiasis externa due to Calliphoridae and review of the literature.

    Wolek, Michael / Tourmouzis, Konstantinos / Garcia, Armando / Byrd, Jason / Weissbart, Sarah / Boyle, Nariman / Honkanen, Robert

    American journal of ophthalmology case reports

    2023  Volume 30, Page(s) 101822

    Abstract: Purpose: To describe a case of bilateral facultative ophthalmomyiasis externa due to Calliphoridae in a 30-year-old male assault victim at a suburban hospital in New York and review the relevant literature.: Observations: An adult male was found to ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: To describe a case of bilateral facultative ophthalmomyiasis externa due to Calliphoridae in a 30-year-old male assault victim at a suburban hospital in New York and review the relevant literature.
    Observations: An adult male was found to have maggot infestation of both eyes and severe secondary injury to the left cornea and ocular surface. He was treated with manual larvae removal, oral ivermectin, broad spectrum IV antibiotics, and topical antibiotics. Anterior segment reconstruction was required.
    Conclusions and importance: We report the first case of ophthalmomyiasis due to Calliphoridae in the United States and document the vision threatening potential of this rare condition. Timely examination by an ophthalmologist with early debridement may help prevent vision-threatening sequelae.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports
    ISSN 2451-9936
    ISSN (online) 2451-9936
    DOI 10.1016/j.ajoc.2023.101822
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: The Antiangiogenic Effect and Ocular Pharmacology of Novel Modified Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in the Treatment of Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy.

    Huang, Wei / Huang, Liqun / Wen, Ziyi / Honkanen, Robert A / Rigas, Basil

    Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics

    2023  Volume 39, Issue 4, Page(s) 279–289

    Abstract: Purpose: ...

    Abstract Purpose:
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Animals ; Mice ; Infant, Newborn ; Oxygen ; Retinal Vessels ; Animals, Newborn ; Tissue Distribution ; Retinal Diseases/drug therapy ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use ; Disease Models, Animal ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Retinal Neovascularization/chemically induced ; Retinal Neovascularization/drug therapy ; Retinopathy of Prematurity/drug therapy
    Chemical Substances Oxygen (S88TT14065) ; OXT-328 ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1237021-6
    ISSN 1557-7732 ; 1080-7683
    ISSN (online) 1557-7732
    ISSN 1080-7683
    DOI 10.1089/jop.2022.0113
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: A Rabbit Model of Aqueous-Deficient Dry Eye Disease Induced by Concanavalin A Injection into the Lacrimal Glands: Application to Drug Efficacy Studies.

    Honkanen, Robert A / Huang, Liqun / Rigas, Basil

    Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE

    2020  , Issue 155

    Abstract: Dry eye disease (DED), a multifactorial inflammatory disease of the ocular surface, affects 1 in 6 humans worldwide with staggering implications for quality of life and health care costs. The lack of informative animal models that recapitulate its key ... ...

    Abstract Dry eye disease (DED), a multifactorial inflammatory disease of the ocular surface, affects 1 in 6 humans worldwide with staggering implications for quality of life and health care costs. The lack of informative animal models that recapitulate its key features impedes the search for new therapeutic agents for DED. Available DED animal models have limited reproducibility and efficacy. A model is presented here in which DED is induced by injecting the mitogen concanavalin A (Con A) into the orbital lacrimal glands of rabbits. Innovative aspects of this model are the use of ultrasound (US) guidance to ensure optimal and reproducible injection of Con A into the inferior lacrimal gland; injection of Con A into all orbital lacrimal glands that limits compensatory production of tears; and use of periodic repeat injections of Con A that prolong the state of DED at will. DED and its response to test agents are monitored with a panel of parameters that assess tear production, the stability of the tear film, and the status of the corneal and conjunctival mucosa. They include tear osmolarity, tear break-up time, Schirmer's tear test, rose bengal staining, and tear lactoferrin levels. The induction of DED and the monitoring of its parameters are described in detail. This model is simple, robust, reproducible, and informative. This animal model is suitable for the study of tear physiology and of the pathophysiology of DED as well as for the assessment of the efficacy and safety of candidate agents for the treatment of DED.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Concanavalin A/adverse effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dry Eye Syndromes/chemically induced ; Female ; Humans ; Injections ; Lacrimal Apparatus/drug effects ; Male ; Quality of Life/psychology ; Rabbits ; Reproducibility of Results
    Chemical Substances Concanavalin A (11028-71-0)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Video-Audio Media
    ZDB-ID 2259946-0
    ISSN 1940-087X ; 1940-087X
    ISSN (online) 1940-087X
    ISSN 1940-087X
    DOI 10.3791/59631
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: An Improved Ocular Impression Cytology Method: Quantitative Cell Transfer to Microscope Slides Using a Novel Polymer.

    Master, Adam / Huang, Wei / Huang, Liqun / Honkanen, Robert / Rigas, Basil

    Current eye research

    2021  Volume 47, Issue 1, Page(s) 41–50

    Abstract: Purpose: To develop a more efficient impression cytology (IC) method for the transfer of ocular surface cells onto glass microscope slides for cytochemical, immunocytochemical, and immunofluorescence studies.: Methods: Cells are lifted off the ocular ...

    Abstract Purpose: To develop a more efficient impression cytology (IC) method for the transfer of ocular surface cells onto glass microscope slides for cytochemical, immunocytochemical, and immunofluorescence studies.
    Methods: Cells are lifted off the ocular surface with a mixed cellulose ester membrane and then firmly attached to a glass slide using a novel triblock copolymer comprised of collagen type I, polyethylenimine and poly-L-lysine (CPP), and crosslinking cells and glass slide by heating and cooling. The membrane is removed intact after softening it with a butanol/ethanol solution. Transfer of cells is complete in about 10-15 minutes and is ready for staining. The efficiency of our cell transfer method was compared to current methods based on poly-L-lysine and albumin paste.
    Results: Our method ensured almost complete transfer of cells. In contrast, the transfer of rabbit conjunctiva cells onto poly-L-lysine-covered slides was 37.5 ± 6.3% lower, and onto albumin-paste covered slides 62.5 ± 5.6% lower (mean ± SD); the transfer of rabbit goblet cells was even less efficient. The new method was also more efficient for transfer of cells from human oral mucosa obtained by IC. Transferred cells were successfully stained with H&E, chemiluminescence, and immunofluorescence agents. Using our method, we stained ocular surface cells for S100A4 and ATF4, both of which play a role in the pathophysiology of dry eye disease. We obtained similar results with oral mucosal cells, suggesting the generalizability of our approach. We propose an explanation for the strong adhesion of cells to the glass slide, which is based on their interactions with the triblock copolymer.
    Conclusions: We developed a novel approach for the efficient and rapid transfer of cells obtained by IC onto glass microscope slides using a novel copolymer. Compared to available methods, our improved approach makes IC robust and simple, and should increase its diagnostic yield and clinical applicability.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Animals ; Cytological Techniques/trends ; Female ; Goblet Cells/cytology ; Humans ; Male ; Microscopy/methods ; Middle Aged ; Models, Animal ; Polymers/pharmacology ; Rabbits
    Chemical Substances Polymers
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 82079-9
    ISSN 1460-2202 ; 0271-3683
    ISSN (online) 1460-2202
    ISSN 0271-3683
    DOI 10.1080/02713683.2021.1951300
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: A rabbit model of aqueous-deficient dry eye disease induced by concanavalin a injection into the lacrimal glands: application to drug efficacy studies

    Honkanen, Robert A / Huang, Liqun / Rigas, Basil

    Journal of visualized experiments. 2020 Jan. 24, , no. 155

    2020  

    Abstract: Dry eye disease (DED), a multifactorial inflammatory disease of the ocular surface, affects 1 in 6 humans worldwide with staggering implications for quality of life and health care costs. The lack of informative animal models that recapitulate its key ... ...

    Abstract Dry eye disease (DED), a multifactorial inflammatory disease of the ocular surface, affects 1 in 6 humans worldwide with staggering implications for quality of life and health care costs. The lack of informative animal models that recapitulate its key features impedes the search for new therapeutic agents for DED. Available DED animal models have limited reproducibility and efficacy. A model is presented here in which DED is induced by injecting the mitogen concanavalin A (Con A) into the orbital lacrimal glands of rabbits. Innovative aspects of this model are the use of ultrasound (US) guidance to ensure optimal and reproducible injection of Con A into the inferior lacrimal gland; injection of Con A into all orbital lacrimal glands that limits compensatory production of tears; and use of periodic repeat injections of Con A that prolong the state of DED at will. DED and its response to test agents are monitored with a panel of parameters that assess tear production, the stability of the tear film, and the status of the corneal and conjunctival mucosa. They include tear osmolarity, tear break-up time, Schirmer's tear test, rose bengal staining, and tear lactoferrin levels. The induction of DED and the monitoring of its parameters are described in detail. This model is simple, robust, reproducible, and informative. This animal model is suitable for the study of tear physiology and of the pathophysiology of DED as well as for the assessment of the efficacy and safety of candidate agents for the treatment of DED.
    Keywords animal models ; animal physiology ; concanavalin A ; cornea ; drugs ; eye diseases ; health care costs ; humans ; lacrimal apparatus ; lactoferrin ; mitogens ; monitoring ; mucosa ; osmolarity ; pathophysiology ; quality of life ; rabbits ; staining ; tears ; therapeutics ; ultrasonics
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-0124
    Size p. e59631.
    Publishing place Journal of Visualized Experiments
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2259946-0
    ISSN 1940-087X
    ISSN 1940-087X
    DOI 10.3791/59631
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article ; Online: Relationship between sleep position and glaucoma progression.

    Kaplowitz, Kevin / Dredge, Justin / Honkanen, Robert

    Current opinion in ophthalmology

    2019  Volume 30, Issue 6, Page(s) 484–490

    Abstract: Purpose of review: As humans spend a considerable portion of life in the horizontal position, it is vital to better understand the effect of sleep position on glaucoma.: Recent findings: The mean positional increase from the supine position to the ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: As humans spend a considerable portion of life in the horizontal position, it is vital to better understand the effect of sleep position on glaucoma.
    Recent findings: The mean positional increase from the supine position to the lateral decubitus position (LDP) in recent literature is less than 2 mmHg for each eye in its dependent position and less than 1 mmHg in the nondependent position. The right LDP is most commonly favored sleeping position. Some evidence suggests that the positional increases persist and so could lead to worse glaucomatous progression in the dependent eye. However, multiple studies failed to find a strong association. Ideally future research will identify risk factors for higher positional increases to identify patients who may benefit from a change in sleep position. To date, medications and argon laser trabeculoplasty have been ineffective in blunting the positional increase, although glaucoma surgery does reduce it. Raising the head of the bed has been linked with blunting the increase as well.
    Summary: Certain sleeping positions appear to be associated with higher intraocular pressure, although the association between sleep position and glaucoma progression is not as clear.
    MeSH term(s) Disease Progression ; Glaucoma/diagnosis ; Glaucoma/physiopathology ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure/physiology ; Posture/physiology ; Sleep/physiology ; Tonometry, Ocular
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-10-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1049383-9
    ISSN 1531-7021 ; 1040-8738
    ISSN (online) 1531-7021
    ISSN 1040-8738
    DOI 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000612
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: NSAID-induced corneal melt: Clinical importance, pathogenesis, and risk mitigation.

    Rigas, Basil / Huang, Wei / Honkanen, Robert

    Survey of ophthalmology

    2019  Volume 65, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–11

    Abstract: Corneal melt, an ophthalmological condition in which corneal epithelium is lost accompanied by thinning of the corneal stroma, can lead to corneal perforation and cause loss of vision. Corneal melt is the most serious side effect of topical nonsteroidal ... ...

    Abstract Corneal melt, an ophthalmological condition in which corneal epithelium is lost accompanied by thinning of the corneal stroma, can lead to corneal perforation and cause loss of vision. Corneal melt is the most serious side effect of topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), one of the topical treatments of ocular inflammation. NSAID-induced corneal melt (NICM), initially doubted, is real, having been reported by multiple groups. NICM is induced by all but one of the approved ocular NSAIDs and occurs usually in patients whose cornea is compromised by ocular surgery, diabetes, or autoimmune diseases. Its true incidence, most likely low, remains unknown. NSAID dose and duration of treatment may be important for NICM. NICM appears to evolve in two stages: the epithelial stage-marked by a corneal epithelial defect, reduced eicosanoid levels, leukocyte infiltration, and matrix metalloproteinase-facilitated desquamation-and the stromal stage, characterized by degradation of stromal collagen by activated matrix metalloproteinases. Awareness of this ominous side effect, its risk factors, and the need for prompt action once diagnosed, including NSAID discontinuation, will help mitigate the risk of NICM. Further understanding of NICM and development of efficacious treatments or safer alternatives should help eliminate this rare, but severe, side effect of ocular NSAIDs.
    MeSH term(s) Administration, Topical ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/adverse effects ; Cornea/diagnostic imaging ; Cornea/drug effects ; Corneal Diseases/chemically induced ; Corneal Diseases/diagnosis ; Humans ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Risk Factors ; Slit Lamp Microscopy
    Chemical Substances Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; Ophthalmic Solutions
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 391346-6
    ISSN 1879-3304 ; 0039-6257
    ISSN (online) 1879-3304
    ISSN 0039-6257
    DOI 10.1016/j.survophthal.2019.07.001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Establishment of a Severe Dry Eye Model Using Complete Dacryoadenectomy in Rabbits.

    Honkanen, Robert A / Huang, Liqun / Huang, Wei / Rigas, Basil

    Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE

    2020  , Issue 155

    Abstract: Dry eye disease (DED) is a complex disease with multiple etiologies and variable symptoms, having ocular surface inflammation as its key pathophysiologic step. Despite advances in our understanding of DED, significant knowledge gaps remain. Advances are ... ...

    Abstract Dry eye disease (DED) is a complex disease with multiple etiologies and variable symptoms, having ocular surface inflammation as its key pathophysiologic step. Despite advances in our understanding of DED, significant knowledge gaps remain. Advances are limited in part due to the lack of informative animal models. The authors recently reported on a method of DED induced by injecting all orbital lacrimal gland (LG) tissues with the lectin concanavalin A. Here, we report a novel model of aqueous-deficient DED based on the surgical resection of all orbital LG (dacryoadenectomy) tissues. Both methods use rabbits because of their similarity to human eyes in terms of the size and structure of the ocular surface. One week after removal of the nictitating membrane, the orbital superior LG was surgically removed under anesthesia, followed by removal of the palpebral superior LG, and finally removal of the inferior LG. Dacryoadenectomy induced severe DED, evidenced by a marked reduction in the tear break up time test and the Schirmer's tear test, and significantly increased tear osmolarity and rose bengal staining. Dacryoadenectomy-induced DED lasted at least eight weeks. There were no complications and animals tolerated the procedure well. The technique can be mastered relatively easily by those with adequate surgical experience and appreciation of the relevant rabbit anatomy. Since this model recapitulates the features of human aqueous-deficient DED, it is suitable for studies of ocular surface homeostasis, DED, and candidate therapeutics.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dry Eye Syndromes/diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus/physiopathology ; Lacrimal Apparatus/surgery ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases/surgery ; Male ; Rabbits ; Tears/metabolism
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Video-Audio Media
    ZDB-ID 2259946-0
    ISSN 1940-087X ; 1940-087X
    ISSN (online) 1940-087X
    ISSN 1940-087X
    DOI 10.3791/60126
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Non-contact terahertz spectroscopic measurement of the intraocular pressure through corneal hydration mapping.

    Chen, Andrew / Virk, Arjun / Harris, Zachery / Abazari, Azin / Honkanen, Robert / Arbab, M Hassan

    Biomedical optics express

    2021  Volume 12, Issue 6, Page(s) 3438–3449

    Abstract: Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) results in endothelial layer damage that can induce corneal hydration perturbations. We investigated the potential of terahertz spectroscopy in measuring the IOP levels through mapping corneal water content. We ... ...

    Abstract Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) results in endothelial layer damage that can induce corneal hydration perturbations. We investigated the potential of terahertz spectroscopy in measuring the IOP levels through mapping corneal water content. We controlled the IOP levels in
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2572216-5
    ISSN 2156-7085
    ISSN 2156-7085
    DOI 10.1364/BOE.423741
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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