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  1. Article: Biomass Burning Over the United States East Coast and Western North Atlantic Ocean: Implications for Clouds and Air Quality.

    Mardi, Ali Hossein / Dadashazar, Hossein / Painemal, David / Shingler, Taylor / Seaman, Shane T / Fenn, Marta A / Hostetler, Chris A / Sorooshian, Armin

    Journal of geophysical research. Atmospheres : JGR

    2021  Volume 126, Issue 20

    Abstract: Biomass burning (BB) aerosol events were characterized over the U.S. East Coast and Bermuda over the western North Atlantic Ocean (WNAO) between 2005 and 2018 using a combination of ground-based observations, satellite data, and model outputs. Days with ... ...

    Abstract Biomass burning (BB) aerosol events were characterized over the U.S. East Coast and Bermuda over the western North Atlantic Ocean (WNAO) between 2005 and 2018 using a combination of ground-based observations, satellite data, and model outputs. Days with BB influence in an atmospheric column (BB days) were identified using criteria biased toward larger fire events based on anomalously high AERONET aerosol optical depth (AOD) and MERRA-2 black carbon (BC) column density. BB days are present year-round with more in June-August (JJA) over the northern part of the East Coast, in contrast to more frequent events in March-May (MAM) over the southeast U.S. and Bermuda. BB source regions in MAM are southern Mexico and by the Yucatan, Central America, and the southeast U.S. JJA source regions are western parts of North America. Less than half of the BB days coincide with anomalously high PM
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 710256-2
    ISSN 2169-8996 ; 2169-897X ; 0148-0227
    ISSN (online) 2169-8996
    ISSN 2169-897X ; 0148-0227
    DOI 10.1029/2021jd034916
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Improving Estimates of PM

    Meskhidze, Nicholas / Sutherland, Bethany / Ling, Xinyi / Dawson, Kyle / Johnson, Matthew S / Henderson, Barron / Hostetler, Chris A / Ferrare, Richard A

    Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)

    2021  Volume 250

    Abstract: Improved characterization of ambient ... ...

    Abstract Improved characterization of ambient PM
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 216368-8
    ISSN 1352-2310 ; 0004-6981
    ISSN 1352-2310 ; 0004-6981
    DOI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118250
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Automated, unsupervised inversion of multiwavelength lidar data with TiARA: assessment of retrieval performance of microphysical parameters using simulated data.

    Müller, Detlef / Chemyakin, Eduard / Kolgotin, Alexei / Ferrare, Rich A / Hostetler, Chris A / Romanov, Anton

    Applied optics

    2019  Volume 58, Issue 18, Page(s) 4981–5008

    Abstract: We evaluate the retrieval performance of the automated, unsupervised inversion algorithm, Tikhonov Advanced Regularization Algorithm (TiARA), which is used for the autonomous retrieval of microphysical parameters of anthropogenic and natural pollution ... ...

    Abstract We evaluate the retrieval performance of the automated, unsupervised inversion algorithm, Tikhonov Advanced Regularization Algorithm (TiARA), which is used for the autonomous retrieval of microphysical parameters of anthropogenic and natural pollution particles. TiARA (version 1.0) has been developed in the past 10 years and builds on the legacy of a data-operator-controlled inversion algorithm used since 1998 for the analysis of data from multiwavelength Raman lidar. The development of TiARA has been driven by the need to analyze in (near) real time large volumes of data collected with NASA Langley Research Center's high-spectral-resolution lidar (HSRL-2). HSRL-2 was envisioned as part of the NASA Aerosols-Clouds-Ecosystems mission in response to the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) Decadal Study mission recommendations 2007. TiARA could thus also serve as an inversion algorithm in the context of a future space-borne lidar. We summarize key properties of TiARA on the basis of simulations with monomodal logarithmic-normal particle size distributions that cover particle radii from approximately 0.05 μm to 10 μm. The real and imaginary parts of the complex refractive index cover the range from non-absorbing to highly light-absorbing pollutants. Our simulations include up to 25% measurement uncertainty. The goal of our study is to provide guidance with respect to technical features of future space-borne lidars, if such lidars will be used for retrievals of microphysical data products, absorption coefficients, and single-scattering albedo. We investigate the impact of two different measurement-error models on the quality of the data products. We also obtain for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a statistical view on systematic and statistical uncertainties, if a large volume of data is processed. Effective radius is retrieved to 50% accuracy for 58% of cases with an imaginary part up to 0.01
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-09-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1539-4522
    ISSN (online) 1539-4522
    DOI 10.1364/AO.58.004981
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Improving estimates of PM2.5 concentration and chemical composition by application of High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) and Creating Aerosol Types from chemistry (CATCH) algorithm

    Meskhidze, Nicholas / Sutherland, Bethany / Ling, Xinyi / Dawson, Kyle / Johnson, Matthew S / Henderson, Barron / Hostetler, Chris A / Ferrare, Richard A

    Atmospheric environment. 2021 Apr. 01, v. 250

    2021  

    Abstract: Improved characterization of ambient PM₂.₅ mass concentration and chemical speciation is a topic of interest in air quality and climate sciences. Over the past decades, considerable efforts have been made to improve ground-level PM₂.₅ using remotely ... ...

    Abstract Improved characterization of ambient PM₂.₅ mass concentration and chemical speciation is a topic of interest in air quality and climate sciences. Over the past decades, considerable efforts have been made to improve ground-level PM₂.₅ using remotely sensed data. Here we present two new approaches for estimating atmospheric PM₂.₅ and chemical composition based on the High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL)-retrieved aerosol extinction values and types and Creating Aerosol Types from Chemistry (CATCH)-derived aerosol chemical composition. The first methodology (CMAQ-HSRL-CH) improves EPA's Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) predictions by applying variable scaling factors derived using remotely-sensed information about aerosol vertical distribution and types and the CATCH algorithm. The second methodology (HSRL-CH) does not require regional model runs and can provide atmospheric PM₂.₅ mass concentration and chemical speciation using only the remotely sensed data and the CATCH algorithm. The resulting PM₂.₅ concentrations and chemical speciation derived for NASA DISCOVER-AQ (Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from COlumn and VERtically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality) Baltimore-Washington, D.C. Corridor (BWC) Campaign are compared to surface measurements from EPA's Air Quality Systems (AQS) network. The analysis shows that the CMAQ-HSRL-CH method leads to considerable improvement of CMAQ's predicted PM₂.₅ concentrations (R² value increased from 0.37 to 0.63, the root mean square error (RMSE) was reduced from 11.9 to 7.2 μg m⁻³, and the normalized mean bias (NMB) was lowered from −46.0 to 4.6%). The HSRL-CH method showed statistics (R² = 0.75, RMSE = 8.6 μgm⁻³, and NMB = 24.0%), which were better than the CMAQ prediction of PM₂.₅ alone and analogous to CMAQ-HSRL-CH. In addition to mass concentration, HSRL-CH can also provide aerosol chemical composition without specific model simulations. We expect that the HSRL-CH method will be able to make reliable estimates of PM₂.₅ concentration and chemical composition where HSRL data are available.
    Keywords aerosols ; air quality ; algorithms ; chemical composition ; chemical speciation ; climate ; environment ; lidar ; prediction ; remote sensing ; spatial distribution ; spectral analysis ; statistics
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-0401
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 216368-8
    ISSN 0004-6981 ; 1352-2310
    ISSN 0004-6981 ; 1352-2310
    DOI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118250
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article ; Online: Vertically- resolved phytoplankton carbon and net primary production from a high spectral resolution lidar.

    Schulien, Jennifer A / Behrenfeld, Michael J / Hair, Johnathan W / Hostetler, Chris A / Twardowski, Michael S

    Optics express

    2017  Volume 25, Issue 12, Page(s) 13577–13587

    Abstract: Passive ocean observing sensors are unable to detect subsurface structure in ocean properties, resulting in errors in water column integrated phytoplankton biomass and net primary production (NPP) estimates. Active lidar (light detection and ranging) ... ...

    Abstract Passive ocean observing sensors are unable to detect subsurface structure in ocean properties, resulting in errors in water column integrated phytoplankton biomass and net primary production (NPP) estimates. Active lidar (light detection and ranging) sensors make quantitative measurements of depth-resolved backscatter (bbp) and diffuse light attenuation (Kd) coefficients in the ocean and can provide critical measurements for biogeochemical models. Sub-surface phytoplankton biomass, light, chlorophyll, and NPP fields were characterized using both in situ measurements and coincident airborne high spectral resolution lidar (HSRL-1) measurements collected as part of the SABOR (Ship-Aircraft Bio-Optical Research) field campaign. We found that depth-resolved data are critical for calculating phytoplankton stocks and NPP, with improvements in NPP estimates up to 54%. We observed strong correlations between coincident HSRL-1 and in situ IOP measurements of both bbp (r = 0.94) and Kd (r = 0.90).
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-06-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1491859-6
    ISSN 1094-4087 ; 1094-4087
    ISSN (online) 1094-4087
    ISSN 1094-4087
    DOI 10.1364/OE.25.013577
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Spaceborne Lidar in the Study of Marine Systems.

    Hostetler, Chris A / Behrenfeld, Michael J / Hu, Yongxiang / Hair, Johnathan W / Schulien, Jennifer A

    Annual review of marine science

    2017  Volume 10, Page(s) 121–147

    Abstract: Satellite passive ocean color instruments have provided an unbroken ∼20-year record of global ocean plankton properties, but this measurement approach has inherent limitations in terms of spatial-temporal sampling and ability to resolve vertical ... ...

    Abstract Satellite passive ocean color instruments have provided an unbroken ∼20-year record of global ocean plankton properties, but this measurement approach has inherent limitations in terms of spatial-temporal sampling and ability to resolve vertical structure within the water column. These limitations can be addressed by coupling ocean color data with measurements from a spaceborne lidar. Airborne lidars have been used for decades to study ocean subsurface properties, but recent breakthroughs have now demonstrated that plankton properties can be measured with a satellite lidar. The satellite lidar era in oceanography has arrived. Here, we present a review of the lidar technique, its applications in marine systems, a perspective on what can be accomplished in the near future with an ocean- and atmosphere-optimized satellite lidar, and a vision for a multiplatform virtual constellation of observational assets that would enable a three-dimensional reconstruction of global ocean ecosystems.
    MeSH term(s) Atmosphere ; Ecosystem ; Lasers ; Oceanography ; Oceans and Seas ; Plankton ; Satellite Imagery
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-09-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2458404-6
    ISSN 1941-0611 ; 1941-1405
    ISSN (online) 1941-0611
    ISSN 1941-1405
    DOI 10.1146/annurev-marine-121916-063335
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Book ; Online: Use of lidar aerosol extinction and backscatter coefficients to estimate cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations in the southeast Atlantic

    Lenhardt, Emily D. / Gao, Lan / Redemann, Jens / Xu, Feng / Burton, Sharon P. / Cairns, Brian / Chang, Ian / Ferrare, Richard A. / Hostetler, Chris A. / Saide, Pablo E. / Howes, Calvin / Shinozuka, Yohei / Stamnes, Snorre / Kacarab, Mary / Dobracki, Amie / Wong, Jenny / Freitag, Steffen / Nenes, Athanasios

    eISSN: 1867-8548

    2023  

    Abstract: Accurately capturing cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations is key to understanding the aerosol–cloud interactions that continue to feature the highest uncertainty amongst numerous climate forcings. In situ CCN observations are sparse, and most ... ...

    Abstract Accurately capturing cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations is key to understanding the aerosol–cloud interactions that continue to feature the highest uncertainty amongst numerous climate forcings. In situ CCN observations are sparse, and most non-polarimetric passive remote sensing techniques are limited to providing column-effective CCN proxies such as total aerosol optical depth (AOD). Lidar measurements, on the other hand, resolve profiles of aerosol extinction and/or backscatter coefficients that are better suited for constraining vertically resolved aerosol optical and microphysical properties. Here we present relationships between aerosol backscatter and extinction coefficients measured by the airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar 2 (HSRL-2) and in situ measurements of CCN concentrations. The data were obtained during three deployments in the NASA ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS (ORACLES) project, which took place over the southeast Atlantic (SEA) during September 2016, August 2017, and September–October 2018. Our analysis of spatiotemporally collocated in situ CCN concentrations and HSRL-2 measurements indicates strong linear relationships between both data sets. The correlation is strongest for supersaturations ( S ) greater than 0.25 % and dry ambient conditions above the stratocumulus deck, where relative humidity (RH) is less than 50 %. We find CCN–HSRL-2 Pearson correlation coefficients between 0.95–0.97 for different parts of the seasonal burning cycle that suggest fundamental similarities in biomass burning aerosol (BBA) microphysical properties. We find that ORACLES campaign-average values of in situ CCN and in situ extinction coefficients are qualitatively similar to those from other regions and aerosol types, demonstrating overall representativeness of our data set. We compute CCN–backscatter and CCN–extinction regressions that can be used to resolve vertical CCN concentrations across entire above-cloud lidar curtains. These lidar-derived CCN ...
    Subject code 551
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-17
    Publishing country de
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Book ; Online: Retrievals of aerosol optical depth over the western North Atlantic Ocean during ACTIVATE

    Siu, Leong Wai / Schlosser, Joseph S. / Painemal, David / Cairns, Brian / Fenn, Marta A. / Ferrare, Richard A. / Hair, Johnathan W. / Hostetler, Chris A. / Li, Longlei / Kleb, Mary M. / Scarino, Amy Jo / Shingler, Taylor J. / Sorooshian, Armin / Stamnes, Snorre A. / Zeng, Xubin

    eISSN: 1867-8548

    2023  

    Abstract: Aerosol optical depth was retrieved from two airborne remote sensing instruments, the Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP) and Second Generation High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL-2), during the NASA Aerosol Cloud meTeorology Interactions oVer the ... ...

    Abstract Aerosol optical depth was retrieved from two airborne remote sensing instruments, the Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP) and Second Generation High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL-2), during the NASA Aerosol Cloud meTeorology Interactions oVer the western ATlantic Experiment (ACTIVATE). The field campaign offers a unique opportunity to evaluate an extensive 3-year dataset under a wide range of meteorological conditions from two instruments on the same platform. However, a longstanding issue in atmospheric field studies is that there is a lack of reference datasets for properly validating field measurements and estimating their uncertainties. Here we address this issue by using the triple collocation method, in which a third collocated satellite dataset from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is introduced for comparison. HSRL-2 is found to provide a more accurate retrieval than RSP over the study region. The error standard deviation of HSRL-2 with respect to the ground truth is 0.027. Moreover, this approach enables us to develop a simple, yet efficient, quality control criterion for RSP data. The physical reasons for the differences in two retrievals are determined to be cloud contamination, aerosols near surface, multiple aerosol layers, absorbing aerosols, non-spherical aerosols, and simplified retrieval assumptions. These results demonstrate the pathway for optimal aerosol retrievals by combining information from both lidar and polarimeter for future airborne and satellite missions.
    Subject code 551
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-18
    Publishing country de
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Vertically resolved separation of dust and other aerosol types by a new lidar depolarization method.

    Luo, Tao / Wang, Zhien / Ferrare, Richard A / Hostetler, Chris A / Yuan, Renmin / Zhang, Damao

    Optics express

    2015  Volume 23, Issue 11, Page(s) 14095–14107

    Abstract: This paper developed a new retrieval framework of external mixing of the dust and non-dust aerosol to predict the lidar ratio of the external mixing aerosols and to separate the contributions of non-spherical aerosols by using different depolarization ... ...

    Abstract This paper developed a new retrieval framework of external mixing of the dust and non-dust aerosol to predict the lidar ratio of the external mixing aerosols and to separate the contributions of non-spherical aerosols by using different depolarization ratios among dust, sea salt, smoke, and polluted aerosols. The detailed sensitivity tests and case study with the new method showed that reliable dust information could be retrieved even without prior information about the non-dust aerosol types. This new method is suitable for global dust retrievals with satellite observations, which is critical for better understanding global dust transportation and for model improvements.
    MeSH term(s) Aerosols/analysis ; Computer Simulation ; Dust/analysis ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Infrared Rays ; Light ; Satellite Communications ; Scattering, Radiation ; Sodium Chloride/analysis
    Chemical Substances Aerosols ; Dust ; Sodium Chloride (451W47IQ8X)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-06-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1491859-6
    ISSN 1094-4087 ; 1094-4087
    ISSN (online) 1094-4087
    ISSN 1094-4087
    DOI 10.1364/OE.23.014095
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Book ; Online: An evaluation of liquid cloud droplet effective radius derived from MODIS, airborne remote sensing and in situ measurements from CAMP2Ex

    Fu, Dongwei / Girolamo, Larry / Rauber, Robert M. / McFarquhar, Greg M. / Nesbitt, Stephen W. / Loveridge, Jesse / Hong, Yulan / Diedenhoven, Bastiaan / Cairns, Brian / Alexandrov, Mikhail D. / Lawson, Paul / Woods, Sarah / Tanelli, Simone / Sy, Ousmane O. / Schmidt, Sebastian / Hostetler, Chris A. / Scarino, Amy Jo

    eISSN: 1680-7324

    2022  

    Abstract: The cloud drop effective radius, Re , of the drop size distribution derived from passive satellite sensors is a key variable used in climate research. Validation of these satellite products often took place in stratiform cloud conditions that favored the ...

    Abstract The cloud drop effective radius, Re , of the drop size distribution derived from passive satellite sensors is a key variable used in climate research. Validation of these satellite products often took place in stratiform cloud conditions that favored the assumption of cloud horizontal homogeneity used by the retrieval techniques. However, many studies point to concerns of significant biases in retrieved Re arising from cloud heterogeneity, for example, in cumulus cloud fields. Here, we examine data collected during the 2019 Cloud, Aerosol and Monsoon Processes Philippines Experiment (CAMP 2 Ex), which, in part, targeted the objective of providing the first detailed evaluation of Re retrieved across multiple platforms and techniques in a cumulus and congestus cloud region. Our evaluation consists of cross comparisons of Re between the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra satellite, the Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP) onboard the NASA P-3 aircraft, and in situ measurements from both the P-3 and Learjet aircrafts that are all taken in close space-time proximity of the same cloud fields. A particular advantage of our approach lies in RSP’s capability to retrieve Re using a bi-spectral MODIS approach and a polarimetric approach, which allows for evaluating bi-spectral and polarimetric Re retrievals from an airborne perspective using the same samples. Averaged over all P-3 flight segments examined here for warm clouds, the RSP-polarimetric, in situ, and the bias-adjusted MODIS method of Fu et al. (2019) show comparable median (mean and standard deviations) of Re samples of 9.6 (10.2 ± 4.0) μm, 11.0 (13.6 ± 11.3) μm, and 10.4 (10.8 ± 3.8) μm, respectively. These values are far lower than 15.1 (16.2 ± 5.5) μm and 17.2 (17.7 ± 5.7) μm from the bi-spectral retrievals of RSP and MODIS, respectively. Similar results are observed when Re is segregated by cloud top height and in detailed case studies. The clouds sampled during CAMP 2 Ex consist of mostly small (mean transect length ~1.4 km) and low clouds (mean cloud top height ~ 1 km), which are much smaller than the trade wind cumuli sampled in past field campaigns such as Rain in Shallow Cumulus over the Ocean (RICO) and the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX). RSP bi-spectral Re shows larger relative values compared to RSP polarimetric Re for smaller and optically thinner clouds. Drizzle, cloud top bumpiness and solar-zenith angle, however, are not closely correlated with the overestimate of bi-spectral Re . We show that for shallow, non-drizzling clouds that dominate the liquid cloud cover for the CAMP 2 Ex region and period, 3D radiative pathways appear to be the leading cause for the large positive biases in bi-spectral retrievals. Because this bias varies with the underlying structure of the cloud field, caution continues to be warranted in studies that use bi-spectral Re retrievals in cumulus cloud fields.
    Subject code 551
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-09
    Publishing country de
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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