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Article ; Online: Energy flow and thermal voltage analysis of water-cooled PEMFC stack under normal operating conditions

Chen, Fengxiang / Pei, Yaowang / Jiao, Jieran / Chi, Xuncheng / Hou, Zhongjun

Energy. 2023 July, v. 275 p.127254-

2023

Abstract: To improve the utilization of electric energy and heat energy of the fuel cell stack, it is necessary to explore the composition and availability of stack energy under different operating conditions. In this paper, a dynamic stack model that can ... ...

Abstract	To improve the utilization of electric energy and heat energy of the fuel cell stack, it is necessary to explore the composition and availability of stack energy under different operating conditions. In this paper, a dynamic stack model that can quantitatively calculate the energy flow and thermal voltage is established, and the actual operation data of a 90 kW stack is used as model input and parameter identifications. Besides, the energy flow and thermal voltage of the stack are simulated and compared under different operating conditions, including different cathode inlet relative humidity, stack temperature, pressure, and oxygen excess ratio. According to the analysis results, for the 90 kW fuel cell stack, the gas emissions can take away about 30 kW of waste heat under the maximum power condition, which accounts for as considerably large as 28% of the heat generated by the stack. Moreover, it is indicated that the self-humidifying stack has a relatively small thermal voltage of about 1.24 V, and the thermal voltage increases by about 0.02 V for every 10% increase in the cathode inlet humidity after the cathode humidity reaches saturation. These conclusions are of great economic significance for improving the electric energy and waste heat utilization of water-cooled PEMFC.
Keywords	cathodes ; electric potential difference ; electric power ; energy flow ; fuel cells ; models ; oxygen ; relative humidity ; temperature ; waste heat recovery ; PEMFC ; Thermal voltage ; Cooling load
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-07
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2019804-8
ISSN	0360-5442 ; 0360-5442
ISSN (online)	0360-5442
ISSN	0360-5442
DOI	10.1016/j.energy.2023.127254
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Adaptive optimization strategy of air supply for automotive polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell in life cycle

Gong, Zhichao / Wang, Bowen / Xu, Yifan / Ni, Meng / Gao, Qingchen / Hou, Zhongjun / Cai, Jun / Gu, Xin / Yuan, Xinjie / Jiao, Kui

Applied Energy. 2022 Nov., v. 325 p.119839-

2022

Abstract: In this study, an adaptive optimization matching method of the air supply is developed to maintain the high-efficiency operation of the automotive polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system in the life cycle. A 1-D non-isothermal model of the ... ...

Abstract	In this study, an adaptive optimization matching method of the air supply is developed to maintain the high-efficiency operation of the automotive polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system in the life cycle. A 1-D non-isothermal model of the PEMFC stack with 150 kW designed power and a centrifugal air compressor model are developed, considering the fuel cell performance degradation. The genetic algorithm (GA) is used to optimize the overall system efficiency under various output powers to achieve adaptive matching. The 1-D stack model is validated with the experimental test results at two states (before and after 800 h degradation), considering the effect of degradation on the matching strategies. Through the optimization method, the centrifugal air compressor is adaptively matched with the stack of the proposed two states to develop the compressor matching strategies under various stack conditions individually. It is found that the efficiency of the system with this optimized method is 3.8% higher than that of the system without an optimized method under the full system power range. In addition, the new matching strategy between the air compressor and the stack after degradation is exploited by the adaptive optimization method. With the help of this method, the efficiencies of the system and the stack are 5.7% and 2.9% higher than that of the matching strategy without adaptive updating. It is shown that this adaptive optimization method not only improves the output efficiency of the stack but also reduces the additional parasitic power consumed by the compressor.
Keywords	air ; algorithms ; electrolytes ; energy ; fuel cells ; models ; polymers ; system optimization ; Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell ; Air compressor ; Genetic algorithm ; Adaptive optimization ; Life cycle
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-11
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2000772-3
ISSN	0306-2619
ISSN	0306-2619
DOI	10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119839
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Article ; Online: Non-HIV talaromycosis: Radiological and clinical analysis.

Li, Xinchun / Hu, Wenqing / Wan, Qi / Lei, Qiang / Sun, Chongpeng / Hou, Zhongjun / Shrestha, Nitesh

Medicine

2020 Volume 99, Issue 10, Page(s) e19185

Abstract: To investigate the characteristics of spiral computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) and clinical manifestations of talaromycosis to improve the diagnostic level and deepen its recognition in radiology ... ...

Abstract	To investigate the characteristics of spiral computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) and clinical manifestations of talaromycosis to improve the diagnostic level and deepen its recognition in radiology.Radiological, clinical, and pathological manifestations of 15 patients of non-HIV talaromycosis confirmed by bronchofiberscope lung biopsy and/or abscess puncture fluid culture and/or blood culture and/or sputum culture were analyzed retrospectively. All patients underwent chest CT, among them, six had a brain MRI, and six had a PET/CT scan before treatment.On plain CT scan, there were multiple patches and massive consolidation in 6 patients, multiple patchy consolidations and patchy ground-glass opacities in 3 patients, solitary or multiple nodules and masses in 3 patients, multiple cavities and small nodules in 3 patients. Multiple lymphadenectasis appeared in bilateral hila, mediastinum, and neck in 10 patients. In contrast CT scan, the parenchyma of the lesions had a slight enhancement in 10 patients, moderate enhancement in 3 patients, obvious enhancement in 2 patients. Seven cases had bone destruction and hyperplasia, cranial involvement in 1 patient and liver involvement in 3 patients, respectively. On PET/CT, five patients showed elevated standard uptake value (SUV).The radiological manifestations of non-HIV talaromycosis show multiple consolidations, ground-glass opacities, multiple nodules or masses in bilateral lungs, deep-seated enlarged lymph nodes and bone destruction in multiple systems. The final diagnosis should be based on the culture of talaromycosis.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Biopsy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; HIV Infections ; Humans ; Infant ; Lung Diseases, Fungal/diagnostic imaging ; Lung Diseases, Fungal/microbiology ; Lung Diseases, Fungal/pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mycoses/diagnostic imaging ; Mycoses/microbiology ; Mycoses/pathology ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Radiopharmaceuticals ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 (0Z5B2CJX4D)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80184-7
ISSN	1536-5964 ; 0025-7974
ISSN (online)	1536-5964
ISSN	0025-7974
DOI	10.1097/MD.0000000000019185
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Article: Characteristics of Cold Start Behavior of PEM Fuel Cell with Metal Foam as Cathode Flow Field under Subfreezing Temperature

Huo, Sen / Li, Lincai / Shi, Weiyu / Wang, Renfang / Lu, Bingbing / Yin, Yan / Zhu, Chaoyi / Wang, Yang / Jiao, Kui / Hou, Zhongjun

International journal of green energy. 2021 Sept. 02, v. 18, no. 11

2021

Abstract: Cold start has been realized as an important issue for PEMFC in its global commercialization. As is well-known, the conventional “channel-rib” type flow field will surely lead to several problems, such as water accumulation under the rib, resulting in ... ...

Abstract	Cold start has been realized as an important issue for PEMFC in its global commercialization. As is well-known, the conventional “channel-rib” type flow field will surely lead to several problems, such as water accumulation under the rib, resulting in slow water removal and serious ice blockage in the pores. In recent years, with the fast development of metal foam materials, metal foam has been recognized as a promising alternative replacement of the conventional “channel-rib” type flow field. In this study, a cold start model of PEMFC is established under sub-zero temperature. The coupled transport processes of heat, mass and charge in PEMFC under various subzero temperatures and startup modes are simulated. The results show that ice formation is slower in the PEMFC with metal foam as cathode flow field in cold start process, due to the superior performance of metal foam in water removal and uniform distribution of gas supply. However, the excellent thermal conductivity of metal foam could also result in faster heat loss from PEMFC. Furthermore, ice formation is highly dependent on the supercooled water transfer behavior, though small amount of supercooled water is maintained in the cell. This work aims to provide a systematic analysis for the cold start behavior of PEMFC with metal foam flow field.
Keywords	cathodes ; cold ; commercialization ; foams ; fuel cells ; heat ; ice ; models ; temperature ; thermal conductivity
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0902
Size	p. 1129-1146.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article
ISSN	1543-5083
DOI	10.1080/15435075.2021.1891911
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Article ; Online: Designing the next generation of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells.

Jiao, Kui / Xuan, Jin / Du, Qing / Bao, Zhiming / Xie, Biao / Wang, Bowen / Zhao, Yan / Fan, Linhao / Wang, Huizhi / Hou, Zhongjun / Huo, Sen / Brandon, Nigel P / Yin, Yan / Guiver, Michael D

Nature

2021 Volume 595, Issue 7867, Page(s) 361–369

Abstract: With the rapid growth and development of proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology, there has been increasing demand for clean and sustainable global energy applications. Of the many device-level and infrastructure challenges that need to be ... ...

Abstract	With the rapid growth and development of proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology, there has been increasing demand for clean and sustainable global energy applications. Of the many device-level and infrastructure challenges that need to be overcome before wide commercialization can be realized, one of the most critical ones is increasing the PEMFC power density, and ambitious goals have been proposed globally. For example, the short- and long-term power density goals of Japan's New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization are 6 kilowatts per litre by 2030 and 9 kilowatts per litre by 2040, respectively. To this end, here we propose technical development directions for next-generation high-power-density PEMFCs. We present the latest ideas for improvements in the membrane electrode assembly and its components with regard to water and thermal management and materials. These concepts are expected to be implemented in next-generation PEMFCs to achieve high power density.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	120714-3
ISSN	1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
ISSN (online)	1476-4687
ISSN	0028-0836
DOI	10.1038/s41586-021-03482-7
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Article ; Online: Successful surgical repair of central slip rupture in finger extensor tendon.

Hou, Zhongjun / Zhao, Liping / Yu, Shengjun / Xiao, Bo / Zhou, Juhua

In vivo (Athens, Greece)

2014 Volume 28, Issue 4, Page(s) 599–603

Abstract: Unlabelled: The aim of the present study was to develop a novel effective surgical method to repair boutonniere deformity resulting from central slip rupture of finger extensor tendon. Currently, there are not standard methods available to treat ... ...

Abstract	Unlabelled: The aim of the present study was to develop a novel effective surgical method to repair boutonniere deformity resulting from central slip rupture of finger extensor tendon. Currently, there are not standard methods available to treat boutonniere deformity. Patients and methods: In the current study, 8 patients with boutonniere deformity on the left hand were included. All patients had a central slip rupture of the ring fingers. Autologous palmaris longus tendon was used to surgically repair the central slip rupture. Results: We successfully used the autologous palmaris longus tendons in the effective treatment of central slip rupture of the ring fingers resulting in boutonniere deformity on the left hands. Conclusion: To our knowledge, our study was the first illustration for a successful surgical repair of boutonniere deformity which resulted from central slip rupture, using autologous palmaris longus tendon. This method provides an alternative approach for the effective treatment of boutonniere deformity.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Fingers/pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rupture ; Tendon Injuries/pathology ; Tendon Injuries/surgery ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-07
Publishing country	Greece
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	807031-3
ISSN	1791-7549 ; 0258-851X
ISSN (online)	1791-7549
ISSN	0258-851X
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Article ; Online: In vivo evaluation of sciatic nerve crush injury using diffusion tensor imaging: correlation with nerve function and histology.

Sun, Chongpeng / Hou, Zhongjun / Hong, Guobin / Wan, Qi / Li, Xinchun

Journal of computer assisted tomography

2014 Volume 38, Issue 5, Page(s) 790–796

Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to prospectively estimate magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging parameters in distal portions of crushed sciatic nerves in rabbits and correlation with neurological function and histology.: Methods: Thirty- ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The aim of this study was to prospectively estimate magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging parameters in distal portions of crushed sciatic nerves in rabbits and correlation with neurological function and histology. Methods: Thirty-two rabbits were randomly divided into 8 groups and followed up at 10 weeks. The right sciatic nerves were crushed, and the left sciatic nerves served as the control group with sham operation. Another 4 rabbits were chosen in the normal control group. Diffusion tensor imaging scan was obtained on bilateral sciatic nerves using spin-echo single-shot echo planar imaging. The values of fractional anisotropy (FA), apparent diffusion coefficient, and eigenvalue (λ║ and λ⊥) were measured on diffusion tensor imaging. Quantitative assessment of functional recovery in crushed nerves included toe-spreading reflex and modified Tarlov score, as well as pathology of the injured nerves. Results: Fractional anisotropy of distal portions in injured nerves reduced slightly on the first day and dropped to the minimum at the fourth day after surgery. Then, FA increased gradually from the eighth day to the eighth week. After that, FA recovered nearly normal in the 10th week after injury. There was statistical significance in FA during 4 days to the eighth week and λ⊥ values between distal portions of injured nerves and normal control nerves (P < 0.05). Fractional anisotropy of distal portions to injured nerves correlated significantly with the nerve function score(r = 0.898, P < 0.01), whereas λ⊥ of distal portions of injured nerves demonstrated negative correlation with the nerve function score(r = -0.820, <0.01). Fractional anisotropy values of distal portions of injured nerves formed a similar time course as functional recovery, whereas λ⊥ indicated a opposite trend. Conclusions: The changes in FA and λ⊥ of distal portions of injured sciatic nerves correlate well with functional recovery and histology. Therefore, FA and λ⊥ of distal portions of injured sciatic nerves can be used as a marker to monitor Wallerian degeneration and regeneration of crushed sciatic nerves.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging/methods ; Nerve Crush ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries/pathology ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries/physiopathology ; Rabbits ; Sciatic Nerve/injuries ; Sciatic Nerve/pathology ; Sciatic Nerve/physiopathology ; Sciatic Neuropathy ; Statistics as Topic
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80392-3
ISSN	1532-3145 ; 0363-8715
ISSN (online)	1532-3145
ISSN	0363-8715
DOI	10.1097/RCT.0000000000000118
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Article: Changes in lumbosacral spinal nerve roots on diffusion tensor imaging in spinal stenosis.

Hou, Zhong-Jun / Huang, Yong / Fan, Zi-Wen / Li, Xin-Chun / Cao, Bing-Yi

Neural regeneration research

2016 Volume 10, Issue 11, Page(s) 1860–1864

Abstract: Lumbosacral degenerative disc disease is a common cause of lower back and leg pain. Conventional T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) and T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) scans are commonly used to image spinal cord degeneration. However, these modalities are unable to ... ...

Abstract	Lumbosacral degenerative disc disease is a common cause of lower back and leg pain. Conventional T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) and T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) scans are commonly used to image spinal cord degeneration. However, these modalities are unable to image the entire lumbosacral spinal nerve roots. Thus, in the present study, we assessed the potential of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) for quantitative assessment of compressed lumbosacral spinal nerve roots. Subjects were 20 young healthy volunteers and 31 patients with lumbosacral stenosis. T2WI showed that the residual dural sac area was less than two-thirds that of the corresponding normal area in patients from L3 to S1 stenosis. On T1WI and T2WI, 74 lumbosacral spinal nerve roots from 31 patients showed compression changes. DTI showed thinning and distortion in 36 lumbosacral spinal nerve roots (49%) and abruption in 17 lumbosacral spinal nerve roots (23%). Moreover, fractional anisotropy values were reduced in the lumbosacral spinal nerve roots of patients with lumbosacral stenosis. These findings suggest that DTI can objectively and quantitatively evaluate the severity of lumbosacral spinal nerve root compression.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-01-22
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2388460-5
ISSN	1876-7958 ; 1673-5374
ISSN (online)	1876-7958
ISSN	1673-5374
DOI	10.4103/1673-5374.170317
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Article: [Analysis of DCX gene mutation in a patient featuring X-linked subcortical laminar heterotopia and epilepsy].

Li, Wen / Zhang, Mei-pin / Hou, Zhong-jun / Zeng, Tao / Tang, Bin / Liu, Xiao-rong

Zhonghua yi xue yi chuan xue za zhi = Zhonghua yixue yichuanxue zazhi = Chinese journal of medical genetics

2013 Volume 30, Issue 1, Page(s) 74–78

Abstract: Objective: To detect potential mutation of Doublecortin (DCX) gene in a patient featuring X-linked subcortical laminar heterotopia (X-SCLH) and epilepsy.: Methods: Mutation of the DCX gene was screened by PCR and direct sequencing. Pathogenicity of ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To detect potential mutation of Doublecortin (DCX) gene in a patient featuring X-linked subcortical laminar heterotopia (X-SCLH) and epilepsy. Methods: Mutation of the DCX gene was screened by PCR and direct sequencing. Pathogenicity of the mutation was analyzed with a PolyPhen-2 software. Results: A de novo missense mutation c.971T>C (p.Phe324Ser) was discovered. Conclusion: A diagnostic method for X-SCLH has been established, which may facilitate diagnosis and genetic counseling of patients featuring this disease.
MeSH term(s)	Agenesis of Corpus Callosum/diagnosis ; Agenesis of Corpus Callosum/genetics ; Base Sequence ; Brain/pathology ; Child ; Classical Lissencephalies and Subcortical Band Heterotopias/diagnosis ; Classical Lissencephalies and Subcortical Band Heterotopias/genetics ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy/diagnosis ; Epilepsy/genetics ; Exons ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics ; Mutation ; Neuropeptides/genetics
Chemical Substances	Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; Neuropeptides ; doublecortin protein
Language	Chinese
Publishing date	2013-02
Publishing country	China
Document type	Case Reports ; English Abstract ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1003-9406
ISSN	1003-9406
DOI	10.3760/cma.j.issn.1003-9406.2013.01.018
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Article: [Case-control study on conservative and operative therapy in the treatment of intra-articular fracture of calcaneus].

Ma, Yi / Zhu, Zhong / Yu, Hui / Chen, Guo-fu / Chen, Hai-xiao / Hou, Zhong-jun

Zhongguo gu shang = China journal of orthopaedics and traumatology

2011 Volume 24, Issue 8, Page(s) 634–637

Abstract: Objective: To explore the traumatic mechanism and the effectiveness of conservative and operative therapy for intra-articular fracture of calcaneus.: Methods: Forty-eight patients (52 feet) with intra-articular fractures were divided into two groups ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To explore the traumatic mechanism and the effectiveness of conservative and operative therapy for intra-articular fracture of calcaneus. Methods: Forty-eight patients (52 feet) with intra-articular fractures were divided into two groups named as conservative group and operative group. There were 30 patients in the conservative group, including 26 males and 4 females, ranging in age from 2 to 73 years, with an average of (49.2 +/- 8.5) years. The patients in conservative group were treated with manual reduction, external fixation and functional exercise at early time. Among 18 patients in the operative group, 14 patients were male and 4 patients were female, ranging in age from 26 to 66 years,with an average of (50.1 +/- 19.3) years. The patients in the operative group were treated with open reduction and internal fixation. The height and width of calcaneus, Böhler and Gissane angles were measured before and after treatment. The assessment in the function of ankle joints was scored according to AOFAS scoring system. Results: All the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 8 to 18 months,with a mean of 12 months. The time of weight-bearing ranged from 3 to 6 months, averaged 4 months. The fractures were fused completely on average of 12 months. The height and width of calcaneus, Böhler and Gissane angles had no statistically significance between two groups. According to AOFAS criteria,in the conservative group, 18 patients reached an excellent result, 6 good, 5 poor and 1 bad; in operative group, 4 patients reached an excellent result, 7 good, 6 poor and 1 bad. The therapeutic effect of conservative group was better than that of operative group. Conclusion: Operative therapy in intra-articular fracture of calcaneus with steel plate can directly perceive the restoration (or roughly restoration sometimes) of the anatomical shapes of calcaneus, while conservative therapy has advantages such as restoration of the anatomical shapes of calcaneus, early functional practice, early healing, and avoiding operational complications as well.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Calcaneus/injuries ; Calcaneus/physiopathology ; Calcaneus/surgery ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods ; Humans ; Intra-Articular Fractures/physiopathology ; Intra-Articular Fractures/therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged
Language	Chinese
Publishing date	2011-08
Publishing country	China
Document type	English Abstract ; Journal Article
ISSN	1003-0034
ISSN	1003-0034
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