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Article: A Framework for Understanding the Relation Between Spoken Language Input and Outcomes for Children with Cochlear Implants.

Houston, Derek M

2022 Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 60–66

Abstract: Spoken language outcomes after cochlear implantation are highly variable. Some variance can be attributed to individual characteristics. Research with typically hearing children suggests that the amount of language directed to children may also play a ... ...

Abstract	Spoken language outcomes after cochlear implantation are highly variable. Some variance can be attributed to individual characteristics. Research with typically hearing children suggests that the amount of language directed to children may also play a role. However, several moderating factors may complicate the association between language input and language outcomes in children with cochlear implants. In this article, I present a conceptual framework that posits that the association between total language input directed to children and language outcomes is moderated by factors that influence what is accessible, attended to, and coordinated with the child. The framework also posits that children with cochlear implants exhibit more variability on those moderating factors, which explains why the relation between language input and language outcomes may be more complex even if language input is more important for successful language outcomes in this population.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2256258-8
ISSN	1750-8606 ; 1750-8592
ISSN (online)	1750-8606
ISSN	1750-8592
DOI	10.1111/cdep.12443
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Article ; Online: Temperament in Toddlers With and Without Prelingual Hearing Loss.

Castellanos, Irina / Houston, Derek M

Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR

2023 Volume 67, Issue 1, Page(s) 232–243

Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine parent-reported ratings of temperament in toddlers with and without prelingual hearing loss.: Method: The parent-completed Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire (ECBQ) was used to assess temperament ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine parent-reported ratings of temperament in toddlers with and without prelingual hearing loss. Method: The parent-completed Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire (ECBQ) was used to assess temperament in toddlers aged 18-36 months. Three dimensions of temperament were examined: surgency, negative affectivity, and effortful control. Analyses were conducted to (a) examine differences in temperament across toddlers with and without prelingual hearing loss; (b) examine possible associations between temperament, demographic, and communication factors; and (c) determine if the ECBQ is sensitive to differences in hearing, communication, and listening skills among toddlers with prelingual hearing loss. Results: The parent-completed ECBQ revealed that toddlers with prelingual hearing loss differed from their hearing peers on some but not all dimensions of temperament. Specifically, children with prelingual hearing loss were rated as displaying higher levels of surgency and lower levels of effortful control but comparable levels of negative affectivity when compared to their hearing peers. Regression analyses revealed that chronological age and communication strategy predicted scores of effortful control in toddlers with prelingual hearing loss, whereas chronological age alone predicted scores of effortful control in toddlers with hearing. Finally, the ECBQ appears to contain "listening" items that skew (lower) levels of effortful control in toddlers with prelingual hearing loss, such that only the group effect of higher levels of surgency remained after removing these "listening" items. Correlations between the original and our modified ECBQ (removing the "listening" items) revealed strong associations, reflective of high construct validity. Conclusions: This was the first study to measure temperament in toddlers with prelingual hearing loss using the ECBQ. Our results revealed differences between children with and without prelingual hearing loss centering on the dimension of surgency. Examining differences in temperament during the toddler period of development may be particularly important and useful for predicting functional outcomes following prelingual hearing loss.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Child ; Temperament ; Child Behavior ; Parents ; Communication ; Hearing Loss
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1364086-0
ISSN	1558-9102 ; 1092-4388
ISSN (online)	1558-9102
ISSN	1092-4388
DOI	10.1044/2023_JSLHR-23-00182
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Article ; Online: Interactive Effects of Temperament and Family-Related Environmental Confusion on Spoken Language in Children Who Are Deaf and Hard of Hearing.

Bowdrie, Kristina / Holt, Rachael Frush / Houston, Derek M

Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR

2022 Volume 65, Issue 9, Page(s) 3566–3582

Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the influence of caregivers' reports of family-related environmental confusion-which refers to the level of overstimulation in the family home environment due to auditory and nonauditory (i.e., visual and ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the influence of caregivers' reports of family-related environmental confusion-which refers to the level of overstimulation in the family home environment due to auditory and nonauditory (i.e., visual and cognitive) noise-on the relation between child temperament and spoken language outcomes in children who are deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) in comparison to age-matched children with typical hearing (TH). Method: Two groups of families with children between 3 and 7 years of age (TH = 59, DHH = 58) were sequentially recruited from a larger longitudinal study on developmental outcomes in children who are DHH. Caregivers (all TH) completed questionnaires measuring three dimensions of child temperament (i.e., effortful control, negative affectivity, and surgency-extraversion) and family-related environmental confusion. A norm-referenced language measure was administered to children. Testing took place within the families' homes. Results: For children who are DHH, effortful control was positively related to spoken language outcomes, but only when levels of family-related environmental confusion were low to moderate. Family-related environmental confusion did not interact with temperament to influence spoken language in children with TH. Conclusions: Homes with low-to-moderate levels of environmental confusion provide an environment that supports DHH children with better effortful control to harness their self-regulatory skills to achieve better spoken language comprehension than those with lower levels of effortful control. These findings suggest that efforts to minimize chaos and auditory noise in the home create an environment in which DHH children can utilize their self-regulatory skills to achieve optimal spoken language outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Deafness/psychology ; Hearing Loss ; Humans ; Language ; Longitudinal Studies ; Persons With Hearing Impairments/psychology ; Temperament
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1364086-0
ISSN	1558-9102 ; 1092-4388
ISSN (online)	1558-9102
ISSN	1092-4388
DOI	10.1044/2022_JSLHR-21-00665
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Article ; Online: Parent-Child Joint Behaviors in Novel Object Play Create High-Quality Data for Word Learning.

Chen, Chi-Hsin / Houston, Derek M / Yu, Chen

Child development

2021 Volume 92, Issue 5, Page(s) 1889–1905

Abstract: This research takes a dyadic approach to study early word learning and focuses on toddlers' (N = 20, age: 17-23 months) information seeking and parents' information providing behaviors and the ways the two are coupled in real-time parent-child ... ...

Abstract	This research takes a dyadic approach to study early word learning and focuses on toddlers' (N = 20, age: 17-23 months) information seeking and parents' information providing behaviors and the ways the two are coupled in real-time parent-child interactions. Using head-mounted eye tracking, this study provides the first detailed comparison of children's and their parents' behavioral and attentional patterns in two free-play contexts: one with novel objects with to-be-learned names (Learning condition) and the other with familiar objects with known names (Play condition). Children and parents in the Learning condition modified their individual and joint behaviors when encountering novel objects with to-be-learned names, which created clearer signals that reduced referential ambiguity and potentially facilitated word learning.
MeSH term(s)	Attention ; Humans ; Infant ; Learning ; Parent-Child Relations ; Parents ; Verbal Learning
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	215602-7
ISSN	1467-8624 ; 0009-3920
ISSN (online)	1467-8624
ISSN	0009-3920
DOI	10.1111/cdev.13620
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Article: Attention to speech, speech perception, and referential learning.

Wang, Yuanyuan / Houston, Derek M

Applied psycholinguistics

2018 Volume 39, Issue 4, Page(s) 764–768

Language	English
Publishing date	2018-09-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1499968-7
ISSN	1469-1817 ; 0142-7164
ISSN (online)	1469-1817
ISSN	0142-7164
DOI	10.1017/s0142716418000231
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Article ; Online: Using head-mounted eye-trackers to study sensory-motor dynamics of coordinated attention.

Chen, Chi-Hsin / Monroy, Claire / Houston, Derek M / Yu, Chen

Progress in brain research

2020 Volume 254, Page(s) 71–88

Abstract: In this chapter, we introduce recent research using head-mounted eye-trackers to record sensory-motor behaviors at a high resolution and examine parent-child interactions at a micro-level. We focus on one important research topic in early social and ... ...

Abstract	In this chapter, we introduce recent research using head-mounted eye-trackers to record sensory-motor behaviors at a high resolution and examine parent-child interactions at a micro-level. We focus on one important research topic in early social and cognitive development: how young children and their parents coordinate their visual attention in social interactions. We start by introducing head-mounted eye-tracking and recent studies conducted using this method. We then present two sets of novel analysis techniques that examine how manual actions of parents and children with and without hearing loss contribute to their attention coordination. In the first set of analyses, we investigated different pathways parents and children used to coordinate their visual attention in toy play. After that, we used Sankey diagrams to represent the temporal dynamics of parents' and children's manual actions prior to and during coordinated attention. These two sets of analyses allowed us to explore how participants' sensory-motor behaviors contribute to the establishment and maintenance of coordinated attention. More generally, head-mounted eye-tracking allows us to ask new questions and conduct new analyses that were not previously possible. With this new sensing technology, the results here highlight the importance of understanding early social interaction from a multimodal, embodied view.
MeSH term(s)	Attention/physiology ; Child Development/physiology ; Child, Preschool ; Eye-Tracking Technology ; Female ; Gestures ; Hearing Loss/physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Parent-Child Relations ; Social Behavior ; Social Cognition ; Visual Perception/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-20
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1875-7855 ; 0079-6123
ISSN (online)	1875-7855
ISSN	0079-6123
DOI	10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.06.010
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Article ; Online: Lexical Repetition Properties of Caregiver Speech and Language Development in Children With Cochlear Implants.

Wang, Yuanyuan / Jung, Jongmin / Bergeson, Tonya R / Houston, Derek M

Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR

2020 Volume 63, Issue 3, Page(s) 872–884

Abstract: Purpose Early language input plays an important role in child language and cognitive development (e.g., Gilkerson et al., 2018; Hart & Risley, 1995). In this study, we examined the effects of child's hearing status on lexical repetition properties of ... ...

Abstract	Purpose Early language input plays an important role in child language and cognitive development (e.g., Gilkerson et al., 2018; Hart & Risley, 1995). In this study, we examined the effects of child's hearing status on lexical repetition properties of speech produced by their caregivers with normal hearing (NH). In addition, we investigated the relationship between maternal lexical repetition properties and later language skills in English-learning infants with cochlear implants (CIs). Method In a free-play session, 17 mothers and their prelingually deaf infants who received CIs before 2 years of age (CI group) were recorded at two post-CI intervals: 3 and 6 months postactivation; 18 hearing experience-matched infants with NH and their mothers and 14 chronological age-matched infants with NH group and their mothers were matched to the CI group. Maternal speech was transcribed from the recordings, and measures of maternal lexical repetition were obtained. Standardized language assessments were administered on children with CIs approximately two years after CI activation. Results The findings indicated that measures of lexical repetition were similar among the three groups of mothers, regardless of the hearing status of their infants. In addition, lexical repetition measures were correlated with later language skills in infants with CIs. Conclusions Infants with CIs receive the language input that contains similar lexical repetition properties as that in the speech received by their peers with NH, which is likely to play an important role in child speech processing and language development. These findings provide the knowledge for professionals to coach parents to implement specific language intervention strategies to support language development in infants with hearing loss. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.11936322.
MeSH term(s)	Caregivers ; Child ; Cochlear Implantation ; Cochlear Implants ; Deafness/surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Language Development ; Male ; Speech
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1364086-0
ISSN	1558-9102 ; 1092-4388
ISSN (online)	1558-9102
ISSN	1092-4388
DOI	10.1044/2019_JSLHR-19-00227
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Article: A meta-analysis of the predictability of LENA™ automated measures for child language development.

Wang, Yuanyuan / Williams, Rondeline / Dilley, Laura / Houston, Derek M

Developmental review : DR

2020 Volume 57

Abstract: Early language environment plays a critical role in child language development. The Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA™) system allows researchers and clinicians to collect daylong recordings and obtain automated measures to characterize a child's ... ...

Abstract	Early language environment plays a critical role in child language development. The Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA™) system allows researchers and clinicians to collect daylong recordings and obtain automated measures to characterize a child's language environment. This meta-analysis evaluates the predictability of LENA's automated measures for language skills in young children. We systematically searched reports for associations between LENA's automated measures, specifically, adult word count (AWC), conversational turn count (CTC), and child vocalization count (CVC), and language skills in children younger than 48 months. Using robust variance estimation, we calculated weighted mean effect sizes and conducted moderator analyses exploring the factors that might affect this relationship. The results revealed an overall medium effect size for the correlation between LENA's automated measures and language skills. This relationship was largely consistent regardless of child developmental status, publication status, language assessment modality and method, or the age at which the LENA recording was taken; however, the effect was weakly moderated by the gap between LENA recordings and language measures taken. Among the three measures, there were medium associations between CTC and CVC and language, whereas there was a small-to-medium association between AWC and language. These findings extend beyond validation work conducted by the LENA Research Foundation and suggest certain predictive strength of LENA's automated measures for child language. We discussed possible mechanisms underlying the observed associations, as well as the theoretical, methodological, and clinical implications of these findings.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	0273-2297
ISSN	0273-2297
DOI	10.1016/j.dr.2020.100921
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Article ; Online: Home Auditory Environments of Children With Cochlear Implants and Children With Normal Hearing.

Wang, Yuanyuan / Cooke, Molly / Reed, Jessa / Dilley, Laura / Houston, Derek M

Ear and hearing

2021 Volume 43, Issue 2, Page(s) 592–604

Abstract: Objectives: Early home auditory environment plays an important role in children's spoken language development and overall well-being. This study explored differences in the home auditory environment experienced by children with cochlear implants (CIs) ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Early home auditory environment plays an important role in children's spoken language development and overall well-being. This study explored differences in the home auditory environment experienced by children with cochlear implants (CIs) relative to children with normal hearing (NH). Design: Measures of the child's home auditory environment, including adult word count (AWC), conversational turns (CTs), child vocalizations (CVs), television and media (TVN), overlapping sound (OLN), and noise (NON), were gathered using the Language Environment Analysis System. The study included 16 children with CIs (M = 22.06 mo) and 25 children with NH (M = 18.71 mo). Families contributed 1 to 3 daylong recordings quarterly over the course of approximately 1 year. Additional parent and infant characteristics including maternal education, amount of residual hearing, and age at activation were also collected. Results: The results showed that whereas CTs and CVs increased with child age for children with NH, they did not change as a function of age for children with CIs; NON was significantly higher for the NH group. No significant group differences were found for the measures of AWC, TVN, or OLN. Moreover, measures of CTs, CVs, TVN, and NON from children with CIs were associated with demographic and child factors, including maternal education, age at CI activation, and amount of residual hearing. Conclusions: These findings suggest that there are similarities and differences in the home auditory environment experienced by children with CIs and children with NH. These findings have implications for early intervention programs to promote spoken language development for children with CIs.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Child ; Cochlear Implantation ; Cochlear Implants ; Deafness ; Hearing ; Hearing Tests ; Humans ; Infant ; Language Development
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	603093-2
ISSN	1538-4667 ; 0196-0202
ISSN (online)	1538-4667
ISSN	0196-0202
DOI	10.1097/AUD.0000000000001124
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Article ; Online: Preference for Infant-Directed Speech in Infants With Hearing Aids: Effects of Early Auditory Experience.

Wang, Yuanyuan / Bergeson, Tonya R / Houston, Derek M

Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR

2018 Volume 61, Issue 9, Page(s) 2431–2439

Abstract: Purpose: It is well established that (a) infants prefer listening to infant-directed speech (IDS) over adult-directed speech (ADS), and (b) IDS facilitates speech, language, and cognitive development, compared with ADS. The main purpose of this study ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: It is well established that (a) infants prefer listening to infant-directed speech (IDS) over adult-directed speech (ADS), and (b) IDS facilitates speech, language, and cognitive development, compared with ADS. The main purpose of this study was to determine whether infants with hearing aids (HAs), similar to their peers with normal hearing (NH), show a listening preference for IDS over ADS. Method: A total of 42 infants participated in the study. In Experiment 1, 9 infants with hearing loss, who had approximately 12 months of experience (mean chronological age of 17.57 months) with HAs, and 9 infants with NH, who had similar chronological age (17.54 months), were tested. In Experiment 2, 10 infants with hearing loss, who had approximately 4 months of experience (mean chronological age of 9.86 months) with HAs, and 14 infants with NH, who had similar chronological age (9.09 months), were tested. Infants were tested on their listening preference in 3 randomized blocks: IDS versus silence, ADS versus silence, and IDS versus ADS blocks, using the central fixation preference procedure. Results: Experiment 1 showed that infants with HAs, similar to their peers with NH, listened longer to both IDS and ADS relative to silence; however, neither infants with HAs nor infants with NH showed a listening preference for IDS over ADS. In Experiment 2, both infants with HAs and infants with NH showed a listening preference for IDS and ADS relative to silence; in addition, both groups preferred listening to IDS over ADS. Conclusions: Infants with HAs appear to have sufficient access to the acoustic cues in the speech that allow them to develop an age-equivalent IDS preference. This may be attributed to a combination of being able to use the hearing they do have before receiving HAs and early device fitting. Given previously demonstrated positive associations between IDS preference and language development, this research encourages early interventions focusing on maximizing early auditory experience in infants with hearing loss. Supplemental material: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6906365.
MeSH term(s)	Acoustic Stimulation/methods ; Attention ; Female ; Hearing ; Hearing Aids/psychology ; Hearing Loss/psychology ; Hearing Loss/rehabilitation ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Behavior/psychology ; Male ; Speech Perception
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-05-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1364086-0
ISSN	1558-9102 ; 1092-4388
ISSN (online)	1558-9102
ISSN	1092-4388
DOI	10.1044/2018_JSLHR-H-18-0086
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