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  1. Article ; Online: Managing the Training Process in Elite Sports: From Descriptive to Prescriptive Data Analytics.

    Houtmeyers, Kobe C / Jaspers, Arne / Figueiredo, Pedro

    International journal of sports physiology and performance

    2021  Volume 16, Issue 11, Page(s) 1719–1723

    Abstract: Elite sport practitioners increasingly use data to support training process decisions related to athletes' health and performance. A careful application of data analytics is essential to gain valuable insights and recommendations that can guide decision ... ...

    Abstract Elite sport practitioners increasingly use data to support training process decisions related to athletes' health and performance. A careful application of data analytics is essential to gain valuable insights and recommendations that can guide decision making. In business organizations, data analytics are developed based on conceptual data analytics frameworks. The translation of such a framework to elite sport may benefit the use of data to support training process decisions. Purpose: The authors aim to present and discuss a conceptual data analytics framework, based on a taxonomy used in business analytics literature to help develop data analytics within elite sport organizations. Conclusions: The presented framework consists of 4 analytical steps structured by value and difficulty/complexity. While descriptive (step 1) and diagnostic analytics (step 2) focus on understanding the past training process, predictive (step 3) and prescriptive analytics (step 4) provide more guidance in planning the future. Although descriptive, diagnostic, and predictive analytics generate insights to inform decisions, prescriptive analytics can be used to drive decisions. However, the application of this type of advanced analytics is still challenging in elite sport. Thus, the current use of data in elite sport is more focused on informing decisions rather than driving them. The presented conceptual framework may help practitioners develop their analytical reasoning by providing new insights and guidance and may stimulate future collaborations between practitioners, researchers, and analytics experts.
    MeSH term(s) Athletes ; Data Science ; Humans ; Sports
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1555-0273
    ISSN (online) 1555-0273
    DOI 10.1123/ijspp.2020-0958
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Load Monitoring Practice in European Elite Football and the Impact of Club Culture and Financial Resources.

    Houtmeyers, Kobe C / Vanrenterghem, Jos / Jaspers, Arne / Ruf, Ludwig / Brink, Michel S / Helsen, Werner F

    Frontiers in sports and active living

    2021  Volume 3, Page(s) 679824

    Abstract: Load monitoring is considered important to manage the physical training process in team sports such as Association Football. Previous studies have described the load monitoring practices of elite English football clubs and clubs with an established ... ...

    Abstract Load monitoring is considered important to manage the physical training process in team sports such as Association Football. Previous studies have described the load monitoring practices of elite English football clubs and clubs with an established sports-science department. An examination of a broader international sample is currently not available. In addition, previous research has suggested factors that may improve the implementation of load monitoring practices, such as a strong club belief on the benefit of evidence-based practice (EBP) and high club financial resources. However, no study has examined yet the actual impact of these factors on the monitoring practices. Therefore, this study aims (1) to provide an overview of load monitoring practices in European elite football and (2) to provide insight into the differences in implementation between clubs by examining the impact of the club beliefs on the benefit of EBP and the club financial resources. An online survey, consisting of multiple choice and Likert scale questions, was distributed among sports-science and sports-medicine staff (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-20
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2624-9367
    ISSN (online) 2624-9367
    DOI 10.3389/fspor.2021.679824
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Load Monitoring Practice in Elite Women Association Football.

    Luteberget, Live S / Houtmeyers, Kobe C / Vanrenterghem, Jos / Jaspers, Arne / Brink, Michel S / Helsen, Werner F

    Frontiers in sports and active living

    2021  Volume 3, Page(s) 715122

    Abstract: The description of current load monitoring practices may serve to highlight developmental needs for both the training ground, academia and related industries. While previous studies described these practices in elite men's football, no study has provided ...

    Abstract The description of current load monitoring practices may serve to highlight developmental needs for both the training ground, academia and related industries. While previous studies described these practices in elite men's football, no study has provided an overview of load monitoring practices in elite women's football. Given the clear organizational differences (i.e., professionalization and infrastructure) between men's and women's clubs, making inferences based on men's data is not appropriate. Therefore, this study aims to provide a first overview of the current load monitoring practices in elite women's football. Twenty-two elite European women's football clubs participated in a closed online survey (40% response rate). The survey consisted of 33 questions using multiple choice or Likert scales. The questions covered three topics; type of data collected and collection purpose, analysis methods, and staff member involvement. All 22 clubs collected data related to different load monitoring purposes, with 18 (82%), 21 (95%), and 22 (100%) clubs collecting external load, internal load, and training outcome data, respectively. Most respondents indicated that their club use training models and take into account multiple indicators to analyse and interpret the data. While sports-science staff members were most involved in the monitoring process, coaching, and sports-medicine staff members also contributed to the discussion of the data. Overall, the results of this study show that most elite women's clubs apply load monitoring practices extensively. Despite the organizational challenges compared to men's football, these observations indicate that women's clubs have a vested interest in load monitoring. We hope these findings encourage future developments within women's football.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-27
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2624-9367
    ISSN (online) 2624-9367
    DOI 10.3389/fspor.2021.715122
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: A lab-based comparison of differential ratings of perceived exertion between a run and jump protocol involving low or high impacts on the lower extremities.

    Houtmeyers, Kobe C / Brink, Michel S / Helsen, Werner F / Haelewijn, Nicolas / Hagen, Michiel / Jaspers, Arne / Vanrenterghem, Jos

    European journal of sport science

    2022  Volume 23, Issue 5, Page(s) 746–754

    Abstract: The rating of perceived exertion method (RPE) allows to describe training intensity in a single value. To better understand the underlying components, the separate rating of perceived breathlessness (RPE-B) and leg-muscle exertion (RPE-L) has been ... ...

    Abstract The rating of perceived exertion method (RPE) allows to describe training intensity in a single value. To better understand the underlying components, the separate rating of perceived breathlessness (RPE-B) and leg-muscle exertion (RPE-L) has been proposed. Here we hypothesised that the separation between the two components may (partly) be determined by the impacts on the lower extremities. In this study, we aimed to experimentally evaluate the differential effect of high versus low impact running and jumping on RPE-B and RPE-L in team sport activities by manipulating the movement strategy (heel strike and passive landing pattern versus forefoot strike and active landing pattern). Eighteen recreational team sport players participated in two submaximal tests consisting of a sequence of running and jumping bouts, whilst ground reaction forces (GRF) were collected. RPE-B and RPE-L data were collected after each bout using the CR100 scale. Paired-samples
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Physical Exertion/physiology ; Lower Extremity ; Running/physiology ; Leg ; Dyspnea
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1536-7290
    ISSN (online) 1536-7290
    DOI 10.1080/17461391.2022.2060136
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Monitoring Elite Youth Football Players' Physiological State Using a Small-Sided Game: Associations With a Submaximal Running Test.

    Houtmeyers, Kobe C / Helsen, Werner F / Jaspers, Arne / Nanne, Sjaantje / McLaren, Shaun / Vanrenterghem, Jos / Brink, Michel S

    International journal of sports physiology and performance

    2022  Volume 17, Issue 9, Page(s) 1439–1447

    Abstract: Purpose: To examine the utility of a standardized small-sided game (SSG) for monitoring within-player changes in mean exercise heart rate (HRex) when compared with a submaximal interval shuttle-run test (ISRT).: Methods: Thirty-six elite youth ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: To examine the utility of a standardized small-sided game (SSG) for monitoring within-player changes in mean exercise heart rate (HRex) when compared with a submaximal interval shuttle-run test (ISRT).
    Methods: Thirty-six elite youth football players (17 [1] y) took part in 6 test sessions across an in-season period (every 4 wk). Sessions consisted of the ISRT (20-m shuttles, 30″:15″ work:rest ratio, 70% maximal ISRT) followed by an SSG (7v7, 80 × 56 m, 6 min). HRex was collected during both protocols, with SSG external load measured as high-speed running distance (>19.8 km·h-1) and acceleration distance (>2 m·s-2). Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effect models.
    Results: Controlling for SSG external load improved the model fit describing the SSG-ISRT HRex relationship (χ2 = 12.6, P = .002). When SSG high-speed running distance and SSG acceleration distance were held constant, a 1% point change in SSG HRex was associated with a 0.5% point change in ISRT HRex (90% CI: 0.4 to 0.6). Inversely, when SSG HRex was held constant, the effects of a 100-m change in SSG high-speed running distance and a 21-m change in SSG acceleration distance on ISRT HRex were -1.0% (-1.5 to -0.4) and -0.6% points (-1.1 to 0.0), respectively.
    Conclusions: An SSG can be used to track within-player changes in HRex for monitoring physiological state. Given the uncertainty in estimates, we advise to only give meaning to changes in SSG HRex >2% points. Additionally, we highlight the importance of considering external load when monitoring SSG HRex.
    MeSH term(s) Acceleration ; Adolescent ; Athletic Performance/physiology ; Football/physiology ; Humans ; Running/physiology ; Soccer/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1555-0273
    ISSN (online) 1555-0273
    DOI 10.1123/ijspp.2022-0026
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Differential Ratings of Perceived Exertion: Relationships With External Intensity and Load in Elite Men's Football.

    Houtmeyers, Kobe C / Robberechts, Pieter / Jaspers, Arne / McLaren, Shaun J / Brink, Michel S / Vanrenterghem, Jos / Davis, Jesse J / Helsen, Werner F

    International journal of sports physiology and performance

    2022  Volume 17, Issue 9, Page(s) 1415–1424

    Abstract: Purpose: To examine the utility of differential ratings of perceived exertion (dRPE) for monitoring internal intensity and load in association football.: Methods: Data were collected from 2 elite senior male football teams during 1 season (N = 55). ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: To examine the utility of differential ratings of perceived exertion (dRPE) for monitoring internal intensity and load in association football.
    Methods: Data were collected from 2 elite senior male football teams during 1 season (N = 55). External intensity and load data (duration × intensity) were collected during each training and match session using electronic performance and tracking systems. After each session, players rated their perceived breathlessness and leg-muscle exertion. Descriptive statistics were calculated to quantify how often players rated the 2 types of rating of perceived exertion differently (dRPEDIFF). In addition, the association between dRPEDIFF and external intensity and load was examined. First, the associations between single external variables and dRPEDIFF were analyzed using a mixed-effects logistic regression model. Second, the link between dRPEDIFF and session types with distinctive external profiles was examined using the Pearson chi-square test of independence.
    Results: On average, players rated their session perceived breathlessness and leg-muscle exertion differently in 22% of the sessions (range: 0%-64%). Confidence limits for the effect of single external variables on dRPEDIFF spanned across largely positive and negative values for all variables, indicating no conclusive findings. The analysis based on session type indicated that players differentiated more often in matches and intense training sessions, but there was no pattern in the direction of differentiation.
    Conclusions: The findings of this study provide no evidence supporting the utility of dRPE for monitoring internal intensity and load in football.
    MeSH term(s) Dyspnea ; Football/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Physical Exertion/physiology ; Soccer/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1555-0273
    ISSN (online) 1555-0273
    DOI 10.1123/ijspp.2021-0550
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: External load differences between elite youth and professional football players: ready for take-off?

    Houtmeyers, Kobe C / Jaspers, Arne / Brink, Michel S / Vanrenterghem, Jos / Varley, Matthew C / Helsen, Werner F

    Science & medicine in football

    2020  Volume 5, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–5

    Abstract: This study examines differences in weekly load between the first (FT) and the under 19 team (U19) within a professional football setting. Data were collected in 11 FT and 9 U19 players (2016-2017 season). FT data was divided into weeks with (FT-M1) or ... ...

    Abstract This study examines differences in weekly load between the first (FT) and the under 19 team (U19) within a professional football setting. Data were collected in 11 FT and 9 U19 players (2016-2017 season). FT data was divided into weeks with (FT-M1) or without (FT-M0) a mid-week match. Indicators were total distance (TD) and TD at 12-15, 15-20, 20-25 and >25 km‧h
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Football ; Humans ; Seasons ; Soccer
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2473-4446
    ISSN (online) 2473-4446
    DOI 10.1080/24733938.2020.1789201
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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