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  1. Article ; Online: Artificial intelligence in medical writing.

    Howard, James / Cheung, Hoi Ching

    AsiaIntervention

    2024  Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 12–14

    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-29
    Publishing country France
    Document type Editorial
    ISSN 2491-0929
    ISSN (online) 2491-0929
    DOI 10.4244/AIJ-E-23-00005
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: An analysis of direct and indirect costs in Hidradenitis Suppurativa.

    Howard-James, Claudine / Tobin, Anne-Marie

    Skin health and disease

    2023  Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) e306

    Abstract: Background: Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition with recurrent nodules and abscesses that culminate in purulent discharge and scarring. It has significant physical, psychological and financial impact.: Objectives: ... ...

    Abstract Background: Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition with recurrent nodules and abscesses that culminate in purulent discharge and scarring. It has significant physical, psychological and financial impact.
    Objectives: This study plans to analyse patient costs associated with HS. Direct costs include prescription items. Indirect or out-of-pocket costs include dressings, analgesia, and healthcare-related travel costs. This study will also assess disease impact on quality-of-life (QOL).
    Methods: Patients with HS diagnosis attending dermatology OPD at our public tertiary centre were invited to participate. Ethical approval was secured, and informed consent was obtained. Participants completed an anonymous survey which was analysed to identify costs associated with HS as well as demographics and QOL impact.
    Results: A total of 25 patients completed the survey; median age was 29% and 80% were female. Median time from HS onset to diagnosis was 2 years, with 24% waiting >10 years to be diagnosed. In the past 3 months, 20% spent >€200 in both categories; prescription and non-prescription items. In the non-prescription category, 36% of patients reported expenditure >€100 in the past 3 months. Dressings were the most common out-of-pocket expense (in 15/25 patients), followed by analgesia and protective clothing. Attendance at medical appointments cost 24% of patients €50-€200. Four participants reported difficulty accessing HS treatments due to associated costs. Mean number of absence days from work/education as result of HS was 8.7 in the past 3 months. Two patients reported being on disability allowance, and two on unemployment benefit as result of their skin disorder. In the QOL question; 96% reported disease impact on QOL, and 11 participants reported that it affected their life 'very much'.
    Conclusions: HS is a chronic inflammatory skin condition with significant financial burden alongside the well-analysed biopsychosocial disease impact. Financial burden can be divided into direct prescription costs and indirect costs such as non-prescription items, protective clothing and travel costs which we have explored in this study. Further research is needed in this area to identify and optimise both the financial and QOL implications of HS in acute flares and chronic disease management.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2690-442X
    ISSN (online) 2690-442X
    DOI 10.1002/ski2.306
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: CAR T-Cell Therapy in Autoimmune Disease.

    Howard, James F / Vu, Tuan / Mozaffar, Tahseen

    The New England journal of medicine

    2024  Volume 390, Issue 17, Page(s) 1629–1631

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Antigens, CD19 ; Autoimmune Diseases/therapy ; Autoimmune Diseases/immunology ; Immunotherapy, Adoptive ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/therapy ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/therapeutic use ; Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
    Chemical Substances anti-scl-70 autoantibodies ; Antigens, CD19 ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell ; Receptors, Chimeric Antigen
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 207154-x
    ISSN 1533-4406 ; 0028-4793
    ISSN (online) 1533-4406
    ISSN 0028-4793
    DOI 10.1056/NEJMc2403705
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Role of Blinding in N-of-1 Trials.

    Howard, James / Rajasundaram, Skanda

    Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes

    2022  Volume 15, Issue 6, Page(s) e008914

    MeSH term(s) Clinical Trials as Topic ; Humans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2483197-9
    ISSN 1941-7705 ; 1941-7713
    ISSN (online) 1941-7705
    ISSN 1941-7713
    DOI 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.122.008914
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Machine learning with convolutional neural networks for clinical cardiologists.

    Howard, James Philip / Francis, Darrel P

    Heart (British Cardiac Society)

    2022  Volume 108, Issue 12, Page(s) 973–981

    MeSH term(s) Algorithms ; Cardiologists ; Humans ; Machine Learning ; Neural Networks, Computer
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1303417-0
    ISSN 1468-201X ; 1355-6037
    ISSN (online) 1468-201X
    ISSN 1355-6037
    DOI 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-318686
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Editorial commentary: Renal denervation: The three stages of academic grief.

    Howard, James P

    Trends in cardiovascular medicine

    2019  Volume 30, Issue 4, Page(s) 196–197

    MeSH term(s) Denervation ; Humans ; Kidney
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-10-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1097434-9
    ISSN 1873-2615 ; 1050-1738
    ISSN (online) 1873-2615
    ISSN 1050-1738
    DOI 10.1016/j.tcm.2019.05.014
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Mental representations mediate aversive learning in humans.

    Qiao, Xiaolin / Wolters, Lauren / Howard, James D

    Behavioral neuroscience

    2023  Volume 137, Issue 5, Page(s) 319–329

    Abstract: Mental representations of stimuli that are not physically present are critical for a range of cognitive capacities, including perception, memory, and learning. Overly robust mental representations, however, can contribute to hallucinations in healthy ... ...

    Abstract Mental representations of stimuli that are not physically present are critical for a range of cognitive capacities, including perception, memory, and learning. Overly robust mental representations, however, can contribute to hallucinations in healthy individuals and those diagnosed with psychotic illness. Measuring the strength of mental representations can thus provide insight into how the contents of the mind influence both adaptive and maladaptive behaviors. In rodents, the robustness of mental representations has been tested using the representation-mediated learning (RML) task, in which animals respond less to a cue after a stimulus that has previously been associated with this cue has been paired with illness. This suggests that the mental representation of the cue enters into a negative association during aversive learning, even though the cue is not physically present. Here, we developed a human version of the RML task in which participants initially learned associations between two visual symbols and two different appetitive food odors. Preference for the food odors was then tested immediately before and after a session in which one symbol was paired with an aversive noise. We observed that mediated learning, in the form of selective decrease in preference for the odor previously paired with the noise-predicting symbol, was directly proportional to direct aversive learning for the symbols themselves. These findings suggest that a mental representation of the odor entered into a negative association with the sound and pave the way for future studies aimed at characterizing the neural circuits of mediated learning in the human brain. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Avoidance Learning ; Brain ; Odorants
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 230159-3
    ISSN 1939-0084 ; 0735-7044
    ISSN (online) 1939-0084
    ISSN 0735-7044
    DOI 10.1037/bne0000565
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Response to "Drucebo effect - the challenge we should all definitely face!"

    Howard, James Philip / Francis, Darrel Parthipan

    Archives of medical science : AMS

    2021  Volume 17, Issue 2, Page(s) 544–545

    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-26
    Publishing country Poland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2203781-0
    ISSN 1734-1922
    ISSN 1734-1922
    DOI 10.5114/aoms/132884
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: To be specific: The role of orbitofrontal cortex in signaling reward identity.

    Howard, James D / Kahnt, Thorsten

    Behavioral neuroscience

    2021  Volume 135, Issue 2, Page(s) 210–217

    Abstract: The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) plays a prominent role in signaling reward expectations. Two important features of rewards are their value (how good they are) and their specific identity (what they are). Whereas research on OFC has traditionally focused ... ...

    Abstract The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) plays a prominent role in signaling reward expectations. Two important features of rewards are their value (how good they are) and their specific identity (what they are). Whereas research on OFC has traditionally focused on reward value, recent findings point toward a pivotal role of reward identity in understanding OFC signaling and its contribution to behavior. Here, we review work in rodents, nonhuman primates, and humans on how the OFC represents expectations about the identity of rewards, and how these signals contribute to outcome-guided behavior. Moreover, we summarize recent findings suggesting that specific reward expectations in OFC are learned and updated by means of identity errors in the dopaminergic midbrain. We conclude by discussing how OFC encoding of specific rewards complements recent proposals that this region represents a cognitive map of relevant task states, which forms the basis for model-based behavior. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Dopamine ; Learning ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Reward ; Signal Transduction
    Chemical Substances Dopamine (VTD58H1Z2X)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 230159-3
    ISSN 1939-0084 ; 0735-7044
    ISSN (online) 1939-0084
    ISSN 0735-7044
    DOI 10.1037/bne0000455
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Meta-Analysis of Usefulness of Cerebral Embolic Protection During Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation.

    Ahmad, Yousif / Howard, James P

    The American journal of cardiology

    2021  Volume 146, Page(s) 69–73

    Abstract: One of the most feared complications of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is stroke, with increased mortality and disability observed in patients suffering a stroke after TAVI. There has been no significant decline in stroke rates seen over ... ...

    Abstract One of the most feared complications of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is stroke, with increased mortality and disability observed in patients suffering a stroke after TAVI. There has been no significant decline in stroke rates seen over the last 5 years; attention has therefore been given to strategies for cerebral embolic protection. With the emergence of new randomized trial data, we sought to perform an updated systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effect of cerebral embolic protection during TAVI both on clinical outcomes and on neuroimaging parameters. We performed a random-effects meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials of cerebral embolic protection during TAVI. The primary end point was the risk of stroke. The risk of stroke was not significantly different with the use of cerebral embolic protection: relative risk (RR) 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.57 to 1.36, p = 0.566. Nor was there a significant reduction in the risk of disabling stroke, non-disabling stroke or death. There was no significant difference in total lesion volume on MRI with cerebral embolic protection: mean difference -74.94, 95% CI -174.31 to 24.4, p = 0.139. There was also not a significant difference in the number of new ischemic lesions on MRI: mean difference -2.15, 95% -5.25 to 0.96, p = 0.176, although there was significant heterogeneity for the neuroimaging outcomes. In conclusion, cerebral embolic protection during TAVI is safe but there is no evidence of a statistically significant benefit on clinical outcomes or neuroimaging parameters.
    MeSH term(s) Aortic Valve/surgery ; Aortic Valve Stenosis/surgery ; Embolic Protection Devices ; Humans ; Intracranial Embolism/etiology ; Intracranial Embolism/prevention & control ; Risk Factors ; Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement/adverse effects
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 80014-4
    ISSN 1879-1913 ; 0002-9149
    ISSN (online) 1879-1913
    ISSN 0002-9149
    DOI 10.1016/j.amjcard.2021.01.023
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