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Article ; Online: Emission cross section redetermination of Nd:LuAG crystals.

Huang, Conghui / Li, Shanmin / Zhao, Chengchun / Hang, Yin

Optics letters

2023 Volume 48, Issue 21, Page(s) 5507–5510

Abstract: The emission cross section of Nd:LuAG was evaluated using two different methods: the Füchtbauer-Ladenburg equation and the threshold-slope measurements; similar results were obtained with both methods. All measurements and calculations were compared with ...

Abstract	The emission cross section of Nd:LuAG was evaluated using two different methods: the Füchtbauer-Ladenburg equation and the threshold-slope measurements; similar results were obtained with both methods. All measurements and calculations were compared with those of Nd:YAG to reduce uncertainty. Detailed spectroscopic properties of Nd:LuAG were demonstrated. The results showed that the peak emission cross section of Nd:LuAG is approximately 20 × 10
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1539-4794
ISSN (online)	1539-4794
DOI	10.1364/OL.506166
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Influence of phosphate on bacterial release from activated carbon point-of-use filters and on biofilm characteristics.

Clark, Gemma G / Geisler, Dietrich / Coey, Evan J / Pollitz, Lance J / Zaki, Farzana R / Huang, Conghui / Boppart, Stephen A / Nguyen, Thanh H

The Science of the total environment

2024 Volume 914, Page(s) 169932

Abstract: Point-of-use (POU) filters certified to remove lead are often composed of activated carbon and have been shown to release high concentrations of bacteria, including opportunistic pathogens. In this study, we examine the impacts of the common corrosion ... ...

Abstract	Point-of-use (POU) filters certified to remove lead are often composed of activated carbon and have been shown to release high concentrations of bacteria, including opportunistic pathogens. In this study, we examine the impacts of the common corrosion inhibitor phosphate on biofilm characteristics and the relationship between biofilm structure and bacterial release from POU filters. This knowledge is essential for understanding how best to use the filters and where these filters fit in a system where other lead contamination prevention measures may be in place. We measured the bacterial release from activated carbon POU filters fed with groundwater - a common source of drinking water - with and without phosphate. We used optical coherence tomography (OCT) to quantitatively characterize biofilm growing on activated carbon filter material in which the biofilms were fed groundwater with and without phosphate. Phosphate filters released significantly less (57-87 %) bacteria than groundwater filters, and phosphate biofilms (median thickness: 82-331 μm) grew to be significantly thicker than groundwater biofilms (median thickness: 122-221 μm). The phosphate biofilm roughness ranged from 97 to 142 % of the groundwater biofilm roughness and was significantly greater in most weeks. Phosphate biofilms also had fewer pores per biofilm volume and shorter channels connecting those pores.
MeSH term(s)	Charcoal ; Phosphates ; Bacteria ; Drinking Water/chemistry ; Biofilms
Chemical Substances	Charcoal (16291-96-6) ; Phosphates ; Drinking Water
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-08
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169932
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Article: Chlorine decay and disinfection by-products formation during chlorination of biofilms formed with simulated drinking water containing corrosion inhibitors

Shi, Xiaoyang / Clark, Gemma G. / Huang, Conghui / Nguyen, Thanh H. / Yuan, Baoling

Science of the total environment. 2022 Apr. 01, v. 815

2022

Abstract: Corrosion inhibitors used to reduce pipe corrosion can alter the physical structure and biochemical components of the biofilm in premise plumbing systems. We studied the effects of corrosion inhibitors on chlorine decay and associated disinfection by- ... ...

Abstract	Corrosion inhibitors used to reduce pipe corrosion can alter the physical structure and biochemical components of the biofilm in premise plumbing systems. We studied the effects of corrosion inhibitors on chlorine decay and associated disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation by biofilms grown with simulated drinking water amended with silicate, phosphate, and the phosphate blends. Experiments were conducted with either intact biofilms or biofilm materials dispersed in solution during sonication (referred to as biomass). While there was no significant difference in chlorine decay among biomass from different biofilms, biomass from the phosphate blend biofilm showed the lowest trihalomethane (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) formation. The chlorine decay rate constants from the biofilm experiment were ranked as: phosphate blends > phosphate ≈ groundwater (GW) > silicate. The kinetics of chlorine decay and formation of DBPs were successfully described by pseudo-first-order kinetics. These fitting parameters were used to predict the DBPs formation in a realistic premise plumbing system. The results showed that biofilm-derived THMs and HAAs increased with increasing chlorine concentration, while THMs and HAAs first increased and then stabilized to a maximum with increasing biofilm total organic carbon (TOC) concentration. In general, the biofilms grown with phosphate-based corrosion inhibitors resulted in lower DBPs formation yield but higher bacterial release, which could potentially increase the risk of user exposure to opportunistic pathogens in drinking water. The silicate biofilms showed the largest yield coefficient of DBPs formation but had the least biomass and lower bacterial release.
Keywords	biofilm ; biomass ; chlorination ; chlorine ; corrosion ; disinfection ; environment ; groundwater ; phosphates ; risk ; silicates ; sonication ; total organic carbon
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0401
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152763
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Article ; Online: Chlorine decay and disinfection by-products formation during chlorination of biofilms formed with simulated drinking water containing corrosion inhibitors.

Shi, Xiaoyang / Clark, Gemma G / Huang, Conghui / Nguyen, Thanh H / Yuan, Baoling

The Science of the total environment

2022 Volume 815, Page(s) 152763

Abstract	Corrosion inhibitors used to reduce pipe corrosion can alter the physical structure and biochemical components of the biofilm in premise plumbing systems. We studied the effects of corrosion inhibitors on chlorine decay and associated disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation by biofilms grown with simulated drinking water amended with silicate, phosphate, and the phosphate blends. Experiments were conducted with either intact biofilms or biofilm materials dispersed in solution during sonication (referred to as biomass). While there was no significant difference in chlorine decay among biomass from different biofilms, biomass from the phosphate blend biofilm showed the lowest trihalomethane (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) formation. The chlorine decay rate constants from the biofilm experiment were ranked as: phosphate blends > phosphate ≈ groundwater (GW) > silicate. The kinetics of chlorine decay and formation of DBPs were successfully described by pseudo-first-order kinetics. These fitting parameters were used to predict the DBPs formation in a realistic premise plumbing system. The results showed that biofilm-derived THMs and HAAs increased with increasing chlorine concentration, while THMs and HAAs first increased and then stabilized to a maximum with increasing biofilm total organic carbon (TOC) concentration. In general, the biofilms grown with phosphate-based corrosion inhibitors resulted in lower DBPs formation yield but higher bacterial release, which could potentially increase the risk of user exposure to opportunistic pathogens in drinking water. The silicate biofilms showed the largest yield coefficient of DBPs formation but had the least biomass and lower bacterial release.
MeSH term(s)	Biofilms ; Chlorine ; Corrosion ; Disinfectants/analysis ; Disinfection ; Drinking Water/analysis ; Halogenation ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Water Purification
Chemical Substances	Disinfectants ; Drinking Water ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; Chlorine (4R7X1O2820)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-03
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152763
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Article: [Construction of malnutrition visualization system].

Li, Tiantong / Hu, Xiao / Li, Li / Liu, Yuhe / He, Menglu / Huang, Conghui / Zhou, Xuefei / Sun, Jing

Wei sheng yan jiu = Journal of hygiene research

2023 Volume 52, Issue 3, Page(s) 412–417

Abstract: Objective: To establish a set of visualization systems suitable for displaying the transition of malnutrition status in different population across time and space in China.: Methods: Based on the data characteristics of the four monitoring systems, ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To establish a set of visualization systems suitable for displaying the transition of malnutrition status in different population across time and space in China. Methods: Based on the data characteristics of the four monitoring systems, including the China Nutrition and Health Surveillance, the China Health and Nutrition Survey, the Project of Children Nutrition Improvement in Poor Rural Regions, and the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students, to be merged and the requirements of this project, the client/server architecture(C/S architecture) application mode was adopted, the Visual Studio 2019 development tool set, Python 3.7-10 and C # 8.0 language programming were used for data integration, and a complete set of data preprocessing, data conversion and data integration calculation processes were established. Results: The malnutrition visualization system provided a visualization display system for the nutritional status of different populations under the multi database fusion index system based on the integrated malnutrition database. The system was able to not only modify, delete and update data, but query, display and analyze malnutrition conditions including growth retardation, low weight, emaciation, micronutrient deficiency, overweight, and obesity. Conclusion: Malnutrition visualization system dynamically presented the time series and spatial distribution of malnutrition among Chinese residents, and explored the regional characteristics and major challenges of nutrition problems in different periods.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Malnutrition/epidemiology ; Nutritional Status ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Students ; Prevalence
Language	Chinese
Publishing date	2023-07-27
Publishing country	China
Document type	English Abstract ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1050909-4
ISSN	1000-8020
ISSN	1000-8020
DOI	10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2023.03.013
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Article ; Online: Effects of phosphate and silicate on stiffness and viscoelasticity of mature biofilms developed with simulated drinking water.

Huang, Conghui / Clark, Gemma G / Zaki, Farzana R / Won, Jungeun / Ning, Runsen / Boppart, Stephen A / Elbanna, Ahmed E / Nguyen, Thanh H

Biofouling

2023 Volume 39, Issue 1, Page(s) 36–46

Abstract: Biofilms, a porous matrix of cells aggregated with extracellular polymeric substances under the influence of chemical constituents in the feed water, can develop a viscoelastic response to mechanical stresses. In this study, the roles of phosphate and ... ...

Abstract	Biofilms, a porous matrix of cells aggregated with extracellular polymeric substances under the influence of chemical constituents in the feed water, can develop a viscoelastic response to mechanical stresses. In this study, the roles of phosphate and silicate, common additives in corrosion control and meat processing, on the stiffness, viscoelasticity, porous structure networks, and chemical properties of biofilm were investigated. Three-year biofilms on PVC coupons were grown from sand-filtered groundwater with or without one of the non-nutrient (silicate) or nutrient additives (phosphate or phosphate blends). Compared with non-nutrient additives, the phosphate and phosphate-blend additives led to a biofilm with the lowest stiffness, most viscoelastic, and more porous structure, including more connecting throats with greater equivalent radii. The phosphate-based additives also led to more organic species in the biofilm matrix than the silicate additive did. This work demonstrated that nutrient additives could promote biomass accumulation but also reduce mechanical stability.
MeSH term(s)	Biofilms ; Drinking Water ; Phosphates/pharmacology ; Extracellular Polymeric Substance Matrix ; Silicates/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Drinking Water ; Phosphates ; Silicates
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ISSN	1029-2454
ISSN (online)	1029-2454
DOI	10.1080/08927014.2023.2177538
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Article: [Cost-benefit analysis of Ying Yang Bao (YYB) intervention in 6 to 23 months rural infants].

Huang, Conghui / Wei, Yanli / Huo, Junsheng / Liu, Kejun / Sun, Jing / Huang, Jian / Gong, Weiyi / Wang, Ou

Wei sheng yan jiu = Journal of hygiene research

2022 Volume 51, Issue 3, Page(s) 432–436

Abstract: Objective: To study on the cost-benefit from anemia and stunting reduction of Ying Yang Bao(YYB) intervention in 6 to 23 months rural infants in the six counties of Shanxi, Hubei and Yunnan provinces.: Methods: YYB was distributed to 6-23 months ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To study on the cost-benefit from anemia and stunting reduction of Ying Yang Bao(YYB) intervention in 6 to 23 months rural infants in the six counties of Shanxi, Hubei and Yunnan provinces. Methods: YYB was distributed to 6-23 months infants in 6 counties by YYB nutrition intervention project. The numbers of childhood recovered from stunting and anemia was collected by a designed project monitoring plan. The cost-benefit was analyzed with PROFILING model as a nutritional microeconomic tool. Results: Total numbers of monitored infants was 10 672 while the total cost of YYB intervention was estimated 2.57 million RMB. From 2012 to 2020, the total benefit was 14.92 million RMB from recover of stunting and anemia by YYB project and the average cost-benefit ratio of 6 counties was 1∶5.8. Sensitivity analysis showed the result of this study was stable. Conclusion: The YYB nutrition intervention for infants aged 6-23 months in the six counties of Shanxi, Hubei and Yunnan provinces showed a high cost-benefit ratio.
MeSH term(s)	Anemia ; China ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Dietary Supplements ; Growth Disorders ; Humans ; Infant
Language	Chinese
Publishing date	2022-06-20
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1050909-4
ISSN	1000-8020
ISSN	1000-8020
DOI	10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2022.03.015
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Article: Effect of disinfectant residuals on infection risks from Legionella pneumophila released by biofilms grown under simulated premise plumbing conditions

Huang, Conghui / Dong, Shengkun / Nguyen, Thanh H / Shen, Yun / Smith, Rebecca L

Environment international. 2020 Apr., v. 137

2020

Abstract: The ubiquitous presence of biofilms in premise plumbing and stagnation, which commonly occurs in premise plumbing, can exacerbate the decay of chlorine residual in drinking water. Using biofilms grown in a simulated premise plumbing setup fed directly ... ...

Abstract	The ubiquitous presence of biofilms in premise plumbing and stagnation, which commonly occurs in premise plumbing, can exacerbate the decay of chlorine residual in drinking water. Using biofilms grown in a simulated premise plumbing setup fed directly with freshly treated water at two full-scale water treatment plants, we previously determined the mass transfer coefficients for chlorine decay in premise plumbing. These coefficients coupled with inactivation kinetics of L. pneumophila released from biofilms reported previously were integrated into a Monte Carlo framework to estimate the infection risk of biofilm-derived L. pneumophila from 1 to 48 h of stagnation. The annual infection risk was significantly higher when water stayed stagnant for up to 48 h in pipes covered internally with biofilms, compared to clean pipes without biofilms. The decay of residual chlorine due to biofilms during 48-hour stagnation led to up to 6 times increase in the annual infection risk compared to the case where biofilms was absent. Global sensitivity analysis revealed that the rate of L. pneumophila detachment from biofilms and the decay of chlorine residual during stagnation are the two most important factors influencing the infection risks. Stagnation caused by water use patterns and water-saving devices in the premise plumbing can lead to increased infection risk by biofilm-derived L. pneumophila. Overall, this study’s findings suggested that biofilms could induce chlorine decay and consequently increase L. pneumophila infection risk. Thus, reducing stagnation, maintaining residual chlorine, and suppressing biofilm growth could contribute to better management of L. pneumophila infection risk.
Keywords	biofilm ; chlorine ; disinfectants ; drinking water ; Legionella pneumophila ; mass transfer ; pipes ; risk ; water conservation ; water treatment
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-04
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	554791-x
ISSN	1873-6750 ; 0160-4120
ISSN (online)	1873-6750
ISSN	0160-4120
DOI	10.1016/j.envint.2020.105561
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Article ; Online: Effect of Nonphosphorus Corrosion Inhibitors on Biofilm Pore Structure and Mechanical Properties.

Huang, Conghui / Sun, Peter P / Won, Jungeun / Wang, Yin / Boppart, Stephen A / Nguyen, Thanh H

Environmental science & technology

2020 Volume 54, Issue 22, Page(s) 14716–14724

Abstract: Understanding the effects of biofilm structural and mechanical properties, which can influence biofilm cohesiveness and detachment under physical stress, is critical for biofilm and biofilm-associated pathogen control. In this study, we used optical ... ...

Abstract	Understanding the effects of biofilm structural and mechanical properties, which can influence biofilm cohesiveness and detachment under physical stress, is critical for biofilm and biofilm-associated pathogen control. In this study, we used optical coherence tomography (OCT) and nanoindentation to determine the role of silicate and tin (two experimental nonphosphate corrosion inhibitors) on the porous structure and stiffness of three types of multispecies biofilms. These biofilms were grown from groundwater (a drinking water source), and this groundwater was amended with either tin or silicate corrosion inhibitor (0.5 mg/L as Sn and 20 mg/L as SiO
MeSH term(s)	Biofilms ; Corrosion ; Drinking Water ; Groundwater ; Silicon Dioxide
Chemical Substances	Drinking Water ; Silicon Dioxide (7631-86-9)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ISSN	1520-5851
ISSN (online)	1520-5851
DOI	10.1021/acs.est.0c04645
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Article ; Online: Effect of disinfectant residuals on infection risks from Legionella pneumophila released by biofilms grown under simulated premise plumbing conditions.

Huang, Conghui / Shen, Yun / Smith, Rebecca L / Dong, Shengkun / Nguyen, Thanh H

Environment international

2020 Volume 137, Page(s) 105561

Abstract	The ubiquitous presence of biofilms in premise plumbing and stagnation, which commonly occurs in premise plumbing, can exacerbate the decay of chlorine residual in drinking water. Using biofilms grown in a simulated premise plumbing setup fed directly with freshly treated water at two full-scale water treatment plants, we previously determined the mass transfer coefficients for chlorine decay in premise plumbing. These coefficients coupled with inactivation kinetics of L. pneumophila released from biofilms reported previously were integrated into a Monte Carlo framework to estimate the infection risk of biofilm-derived L. pneumophila from 1 to 48 h of stagnation. The annual infection risk was significantly higher when water stayed stagnant for up to 48 h in pipes covered internally with biofilms, compared to clean pipes without biofilms. The decay of residual chlorine due to biofilms during 48-hour stagnation led to up to 6 times increase in the annual infection risk compared to the case where biofilms was absent. Global sensitivity analysis revealed that the rate of L. pneumophila detachment from biofilms and the decay of chlorine residual during stagnation are the two most important factors influencing the infection risks. Stagnation caused by water use patterns and water-saving devices in the premise plumbing can lead to increased infection risk by biofilm-derived L. pneumophila. Overall, this study's findings suggested that biofilms could induce chlorine decay and consequently increase L. pneumophila infection risk. Thus, reducing stagnation, maintaining residual chlorine, and suppressing biofilm growth could contribute to better management of L. pneumophila infection risk.
MeSH term(s)	Biofilms ; Disinfectants ; Drinking Water ; Humans ; Infections ; Legionella pneumophila ; Sanitary Engineering ; Water Microbiology ; Water Supply
Chemical Substances	Disinfectants ; Drinking Water
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-21
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	554791-x
ISSN	1873-6750 ; 0160-4120
ISSN (online)	1873-6750
ISSN	0160-4120
DOI	10.1016/j.envint.2020.105561
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