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Article ; Online: Pedogenesis of Fluvial Terrace Soils Related to Geomorphic Processes in Central Taiwan

Huang, Wen-Shu / Liang, Chi-Shu / Tsai, Heng / Hseu, Zeng-Yi / Huang, Shiuh-Tsuen

Land. 2023 Feb. 22, v. 12, no. 3

2023

Abstract: Pedogenetic features of the soils could be a proxy for revealing the landform surface processes. Our work first analyzed the particle size distributions and lithological discontinuities (LDs) of the soils in the midstream of the Zoushui River, central ... ...

Abstract	Pedogenetic features of the soils could be a proxy for revealing the landform surface processes. Our work first analyzed the particle size distributions and lithological discontinuities (LDs) of the soils in the midstream of the Zoushui River, central Taiwan. The results showed that the parental materials of the soils derive from mixed sediments of the Zoushui River and its tributaries, and the LDs of some soils suggested multi-depositional events with homogeneous lithology. Then, we proposed a soil chronosequence of Inceptisols, Ultisols, and Oxisols, over the Pleistocene timescale. There was a very well-defined semilogarithmic relationship between weighted profile development index (WPDI) values and soil age with correlation coefficients (r) greater than 0.9. The age of the soils did not certainly agree with the interglacials of the main marine isotope stage (MIS). However, the soils started to develop only after being aggraded by relatively warm and humid periods or by extreme rain events in cool and dry periods. Irrespective of whether the soils had started to develop, tectonic downcutting, providing clear altitudinal separation of the terrace treads, could inevitably happen later (or almost synchronologically) to ensure stabilities of the tread surfaces.
Keywords	Inceptisols ; Oxisols ; Pleistocene epoch ; Ultisols ; age of soil ; altitude ; chronosequences ; land ; landforms ; lithology ; paleoclimatology ; particle size ; rain ; rivers ; soil formation ; tectonics ; Taiwan
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0222
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2682955-1
ISSN	2073-445X
ISSN	2073-445X
DOI	10.3390/land12030535
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: The effect of photolysis of sodium citrate treated with gold chloride using coloured light on the generation of gold nanoparticles and the repression of WiDr colon cancer cells.

Cheng, Chien-Wei / Lee, Shwu-Yuan / Zhan, Shao-Qi / Huang, Cheng-Liang / Chen, Tang-Yu / Yuann, Jeu-Ming P / Huang, Shiuh-Tsuen / Chiu, Chi-Ming / Liang, Ji-Yuan

Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology

2024 Volume 251, Page(s) 112844

Abstract: Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are usually formed via a wet chemical method using gold (III) chloride trihydrate (GC), which is treated with stable reducing agents such as sodium citrate (SC). This study determines the effect of coloured light on the ... ...

Abstract	Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are usually formed via a wet chemical method using gold (III) chloride trihydrate (GC), which is treated with stable reducing agents such as sodium citrate (SC). This study determines the effect of coloured light on the formation of GNPs by irradiation of SC after the addition of GC (SCGC) and the effect of the SCGC photolytic procedure on the suppression of WiDr colon cancer cells by forming reactive oxygen species. The absorbance of surface plasmon resonance peaks at 523 nm are 0.069 and 0.219 for SCGC when treated with blue light illumination (BLI) and violet light irradiation (VLI), respectively, whereas green and red light treatments have little or no effect. Most GNPs have diameters ranging from 3 to 15 nm, with a mean of 6 nm, when SCGC is exposed to VLI for 1.5 h. Anionic superoxide radicals (O
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Sodium Citrate ; Metal Nanoparticles/toxicity ; Gold/pharmacology ; Photolysis ; Propidium ; Colonic Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Gold Compounds
Chemical Substances	Sodium Citrate (1Q73Q2JULR) ; Gold (7440-57-5) ; gold chloride (11118-27-7) ; Propidium (36015-30-2) ; Gold Compounds
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	623022-2
ISSN	1873-2682 ; 1011-1344
ISSN (online)	1873-2682
ISSN	1011-1344
DOI	10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112844
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Article: Carbon Storage along with Soil Profile: An Example of Soil Chronosequence from the Fluvial Terraces on the Pakua Tableland, Taiwan

Hsu, Chin-Chiang / Tsai, Heng / Huang, Wen-Shu / Huang, Shiuh-Tsuen

Land. 2021 Apr. 23, v. 10, no. 5

2021

Abstract: A well-dated soil chronosequence may allow exploration of the accumulation of soil carbon over time. There are multiple levels of river terraces on the Pakua tableland in Central Taiwan. Unlike many of the reddish or lateritic soils in Taiwan, these ... ...

Abstract	A well-dated soil chronosequence may allow exploration of the accumulation of soil carbon over time. There are multiple levels of river terraces on the Pakua tableland in Central Taiwan. Unlike many of the reddish or lateritic soils in Taiwan, these soils were recently dated, with absolute ages in the range of 19–400 kyr. This information allowed us to develop an ideal soil chronosequence, with time constraints, through which it is possible to explore soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and its changes over time. In this study, we attempted to establish an SOC time series, and to give an estimate of long-term accumulation of the SOC storage in the red soils of Taiwan. The data on these soils used in this study were taken from the soil profiles presented in our previous studies. Two additional soil profiles were sampled for those soils for which data were not available from the previous studies. The total carbon stock (TCS) for each soil profile was measured and assessed based on the depth categories of 0–30, 30–50, and 50–100 cm. Weighted carbon stock (WCS) measurements were further derived by the total thickness of the soil profile, for better comparison. The overall carbon stocks of the soils in the Pakua tableland were in the range of 2.8–3.2 Tg for TCS and WCS, respectively. In addition, the SOC tended to be highest in the surface soil horizons and decreased with the soil depth. The continuous pattern of the carbon content, in terms of its vertical distribution, was considered in terms of a negative exponential function, which showed that the SOC was highest in the shallowest soil layers and decreased rapidly with the soil depth. This trend was mitigated at a depth of 50–100 cm, which approached a fixed value, denoted as the carbon sequestration value (CSV), below a certain depth. We show here that the values of the CSV, as approximated by exponential fitting, are closely related to soil age. The CSV linearly decreases with age. These findings point to the potential of using carbon storage for chronometric applications.
Keywords	age of soil ; carbon sequestration ; carbon sinks ; chronosequences ; land ; laterites ; rivers ; soil depth ; soil organic carbon ; soil profiles ; spatial distribution ; time series analysis ; Taiwan
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0423
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	2682955-1
ISSN	2073-445X
ISSN	2073-445X
DOI	10.3390/land10050447
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Inactivation of Pathogens via Visible-Light Photolysis of Riboflavin-5'-Phosphate.

Cheng, Chien-Wei / Lee, Shwu-Yuan / Chen, Tang-Yu / Yuann, Jeu-Ming P / Chiu, Chi-Ming / Huang, Shiuh-Tsuen / Liang, Ji-Yuan

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE

2022 , Issue 182

Abstract: Riboflavin-5'-phosphate (or flavin mononucleotide; FMN) is sensitive to visible light. Various compounds, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), can be generated from FMN photolysis upon irradiation with visible light. The ROS generated from FMN ... ...

Abstract	Riboflavin-5'-phosphate (or flavin mononucleotide; FMN) is sensitive to visible light. Various compounds, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), can be generated from FMN photolysis upon irradiation with visible light. The ROS generated from FMN photolysis are harmful to microorganisms, including pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). This article presents a protocol for deactivating S. aureus, as an example, via photochemical reactions involving FMN under visible light irradiation. The superoxide radical anion () generated during the FMN photolysis is evaluated via nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction. The microbial viability of S. aureus that is attributed to reactive species was used to determine the effectiveness of the process. The bacterial inactivation rate is proportional to FMN concentration. Violet light is more efficient in inactivating S. aureus than blue light irradiation, while the red or green light does not drive FMN photolysis. The present article demonstrates FMN photolysis as a simple and safe method for sanitary processes.
MeSH term(s)	Flavin Mononucleotide/chemistry ; Light ; Phosphates ; Photolysis ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Staphylococcus aureus
Chemical Substances	Phosphates ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Flavin Mononucleotide (7N464URE7E)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Video-Audio Media
ZDB-ID	2259946-0
ISSN	1940-087X ; 1940-087X
ISSN (online)	1940-087X
ISSN	1940-087X
DOI	10.3791/63531
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Aeolian additions of podzolic soils on the high-altitude mountains in central Taiwan-sediment origin and pedological implications

Tsai, Heng / Chen, Jyun-Hong / Huang, Wen-Shu / Huang, Shiuh-Tsuen / Hseu, Zeng-Yei / You, Cheng-Feng

Geoderma. 2021 Feb. 01, v. 383

2021

Abstract: The podzolic soils with characteristic eluvial horizon are widely distributed in the mountainous area of Taiwan with a cold and humid climate, where the altitude is greater than 3000 m above sea level. There are multiple sequence horizons along the soil ... ...

Abstract	The podzolic soils with characteristic eluvial horizon are widely distributed in the mountainous area of Taiwan with a cold and humid climate, where the altitude is greater than 3000 m above sea level. There are multiple sequence horizons along the soil profile in some of the places. These repeated patterns of the soil horizons have not been reported in the literature, which may indicate the cycles of climatic or environmental changes in the past. The puzzling origin of these soils may be answered by identifying the parent materials and their source areas through age dating and isotopic analyses. Four soil profiles were sampled from Hohuanshan (HHM and HWS), Nanhuashan (NH), and Battonguan (BTG) of the alpine area in central Taiwan. These soils, in general, show the characteristics of silt and silty loam in soil texture, high soil organic carbon, low cation exchange capacity, and low base saturation percentage. Soil classification in accordance with the US System (Soil Taxonomy) suggests all the soils in this study are Humicryepts. The index quantification from soil morphology also shows the extent of pedogenesis fairly between profiles, which is supported by the ages obtained from the charcoals or highly carbonized woods in various sizes found in the dark black soil horizons. It suggests that these soils began to develop approximately four thousand years ago, during the cool and dry period of the Holocene according to the paleoclimate records, and the cold and dry climate favors the preservation of charcoals. Despite the suspicions of aeolian deposits in Taiwan, the high mountain areas are far from the location of aeolian deposits. It was not until recent years that the researchers proposed the idea of aeolian addition to the soils in Hohuanshan. The characteristics of the multiple sequence soil horizons may offer an insight into the paleoenvironment of the high mountain areas. The bimodal pattern on the particle size distribution indicates an additional parental source for these soils. The evidence from the calculated strontium isotope ratios delivers an argument that these soils are developed by in-situ weathering with the addition of aeolian material. They are yellowish and subangular particles with sizes ranging from 7 to 10 µm. The aeolian deposits of Hohuanshan reveal the geochemical characteristics of the river sediments of the Da-An, Da-Chia, Da-Du River, and Cho-Shui Rivers. This suggests that the source of the aeolian particles in the soils was supplied with materials connected with the river system of central Taiwan. In the same manner, the aeolian deposits of Nanhuashan and Battonguan were likely derived from the river sediments of eastern Taiwan. The example from the NH profile indicates a constant rate of aeolian addition, which rules out the influence of the fluctuations of climate change since the mid-Holocene. The findings of this study not only help validate previous studies on the paleoenvironment of Taiwan but also inspire further aspects of the Taiwanese paleoclimate researches.
Keywords	Holocene epoch ; Humicryepts ; altitude ; base saturation ; cation exchange capacity ; climate change ; cold ; dry climates ; humid zones ; isotopes ; mountains ; paleoclimatology ; paleoecology ; particle size distribution ; rivers ; silt ; silt loam soils ; soil formation ; soil organic carbon ; soil profiles ; soil taxonomy ; soil texture ; strontium ; Taiwan
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0201
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	281080-3
ISSN	1872-6259 ; 0016-7061
ISSN (online)	1872-6259
ISSN	0016-7061
DOI	10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114726
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Effects of free radicals from doxycycline hyclate and minocycline hydrochloride under blue light irradiation on the deactivation of Staphylococcus aureus, including a methicillin-resistant strain

Yuann, Jeu-Ming P. / Lee, Shwu-Yuan / He, Sin / Wong, Tak-Wah / Yang, Meei-Ju / Cheng, Chien-Wei / Huang, Shiuh-Tsuen / Liang, Ji-Yuan

Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. 2022 Jan., v. 226

2022

Abstract: Doxycycline hyclate (DCH) and minocycline hydrochloride (MH) are tetracycline antibiotics and broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents. The changes in DCH and MH under blue light (λ = 462 nm) irradiation in alkaline conditions (BLIA) were investigated. ... ...

Abstract	Doxycycline hyclate (DCH) and minocycline hydrochloride (MH) are tetracycline antibiotics and broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents. The changes in DCH and MH under blue light (λ = 462 nm) irradiation in alkaline conditions (BLIA) were investigated. Deactivation caused by superoxide anion radical (O₂•⁻) and deactivation from DCH and MH during photolysis on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), were studied. DCH is relatively unstable compared to MH under BLIA. The level of O₂•⁻ generated from the MH-treated photoreaction is lower than that from DCH photolysis, and the DCH-treated photoreaction is more efficient at inactivating S. aureus and MRSA at the same radiant intensity. DCH subjected to BLIA decreased the viability of S. aureus and MRSA by 3.84 and 5.15 log, respectively. Two photolytic products of DCH (PPDs) were generated under BLIA. The mass spectra of the PPDs featured molecular ions at m/z 460.8 and 458.8. The molecular formulas of the PPDs were C₂₁H₂₂N₂O₁₀ and C₂₂H₂₄N₂O₉, and their exact masses were 462.44 and 460.44 g/mol, respectively. These results bolster the photolytic oxidation that leads to DCH-enhanced deactivation of S. aureus and MRSA. Photochemical treatment of DCH could be applied as a supplement in hygienic processes.
Keywords	blue light ; doxycycline ; hygiene ; irradiation ; light intensity ; methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; minocycline ; oxidation ; photobiology ; photolysis ; superoxide anion ; tetracycline ; viability
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-01
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	623022-2
ISSN	1873-2682 ; 1011-1344
ISSN (online)	1873-2682
ISSN	1011-1344
DOI	10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112370
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: An investigation of the influence of reactive oxygen species produced from riboflavin-5'-phosphate by blue or violet light on the inhibition of WiDr colon cancer cells.

Chiu, Chi-Ming / Lee, Shwu-Yuan / Chen, Pin-Rong / Zhan, Shao-Qi / Yuann, Jeu-Ming P / Huang, Shiuh-Tsuen / Wu, Ming-Fang / Cheng, Chien-Wei / Chang, Yu-Chung / Liang, Ji-Yuan

Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy

2023 Volume 44, Page(s) 103810

Abstract: Riboflavin-5'-phosphate (FMN), an innocuous product of riboflavin (RF) phosphorylation, is vital for humans. FMN is sensitive to light illumination, as indicated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. This investigation was undertaken to evaluate ... ...

Abstract	Riboflavin-5'-phosphate (FMN), an innocuous product of riboflavin (RF) phosphorylation, is vital for humans. FMN is sensitive to light illumination, as indicated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. This investigation was undertaken to evaluate the influence of blue light illumination (BLI) and violet light illumination (VLI) upon FMN to develop a method to inhibit WiDr colon cancer cells by FMN photolysis. When FMN is subjected to BLI and VLI, it inhibits WiDr colon cancer cells by generating superoxide radical anions (O
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Light ; Photochemotherapy/methods ; Photosensitizing Agents/pharmacology ; Riboflavin/pharmacology ; Colonic Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Phosphates
Chemical Substances	Reactive Oxygen Species ; Photosensitizing Agents ; Riboflavin (TLM2976OFR) ; Phosphates
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-23
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2149918-4
ISSN	1873-1597 ; 1572-1000
ISSN (online)	1873-1597
ISSN	1572-1000
DOI	10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103810
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Article ; Online: Effects of free radicals from doxycycline hyclate and minocycline hydrochloride under blue light irradiation on the deactivation of Staphylococcus aureus, including a methicillin-resistant strain.

Yuann, Jeu-Ming P / Lee, Shwu-Yuan / He, Sin / Wong, Tak-Wah / Yang, Meei-Ju / Cheng, Chien-Wei / Huang, Shiuh-Tsuen / Liang, Ji-Yuan

Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology

2021 Volume 226, Page(s) 112370

Abstract	Doxycycline hyclate (DCH) and minocycline hydrochloride (MH) are tetracycline antibiotics and broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents. The changes in DCH and MH under blue light (λ = 462 nm) irradiation in alkaline conditions (BLIA) were investigated. Deactivation caused by superoxide anion radical (O
MeSH term(s)	Staphylococcus aureus
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	623022-2
ISSN	1873-2682 ; 1011-1344
ISSN (online)	1873-2682
ISSN	1011-1344
DOI	10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112370
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Article ; Online: A study of the effect of reactive oxygen species induced by violet and blue light from oxytetracycline on the deactivation of Escherichia coli.

Cheng, Chien-Wei / Lee, Shwu-Yuan / Chen, Tang-Yu / Yang, Meei-Ju / Yuann, Jeu-Ming P / Chiu, Chi-Ming / Huang, Shiuh-Tsuen / Liang, Ji-Yuan

Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy

2022 Volume 39, Page(s) 102917

Abstract: Oxytetracycline (OTC), a tetracycline antibiotic, is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent. In this investigation, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is utilized to determine the effects of blue light (λ = 448 nm) illumination (BLIA) and ... ...

Abstract	Oxytetracycline (OTC), a tetracycline antibiotic, is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent. In this investigation, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is utilized to determine the effects of blue light (λ = 448 nm) illumination (BLIA) and violet light (λ = 403 nm) illumination (VLIA) on conformational changes in OTC at pH 7.8. The photochemical effect of OTC that is exposed to BLIA and VLIA on the deactivation of Escherichia coli (E. coli) is studied. The deactivation of E. coli has an insignificant effect on treatment with OTC alone. OTC is relatively unstable under BLIA and VLIA illumination in an alkaline solution, and OTC has been shown to inactivate E. coli by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). Less anionic superoxide radicals (O
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Escherichia coli ; Light ; Oxytetracycline/analysis ; Oxytetracycline/chemistry ; Oxytetracycline/pharmacology ; Photochemotherapy/methods ; Reactive Oxygen Species
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Oxytetracycline (X20I9EN955)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-18
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2149918-4
ISSN	1873-1597 ; 1572-1000
ISSN (online)	1873-1597
ISSN	1572-1000
DOI	10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102917
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Article: Evolution of As speciation with depth in a soil profile with a geothermal As origin

Yang, Puu-Tai / Hashimoto, Yohey / Hseu, Zeng-Yei / Huang, Jang-Hung / Huang, Shiuh-Tsuen / Wang, Shan-Li / Wu, Wen-Jing

Chemosphere. 2020 Feb., v. 241

2020

Abstract: High contents of arsenic were detected in soils in Guandu plain, northwest Taiwan. To determine the sources and speciation of As in the soils, the depth profiles of soil properties, elemental composition and As speciation were investigated. The As ... ...

Abstract	High contents of arsenic were detected in soils in Guandu plain, northwest Taiwan. To determine the sources and speciation of As in the soils, the depth profiles of soil properties, elemental composition and As speciation were investigated. The As concentrations in the soil profile ranged from 152 to 1222 mg kg−1, with the highest concentration at the depth of 70–80 cm. The As distribution was found to be positively correlated to Fe, Pb, and Ba. The As(V)-adsorbed ferrihydrite and scorodite were the predominant phases in the top layers (<50 cm), while beudantite was the predominant phase below 50 cm along with As(III)- and As(V)-adsorbed ferrihydrite as the minor components. The results of sequential extraction showed that As-associated with noncrystalline and crystalline Fe/Al hydrous oxides and residual phases were predominant at the depths of 0–60, 60–100 and 100–140 cm, respectively, indicating an increasing As recalcitrance with soil depth. Based on the soil properties, and elemental and mineral compositions at different soil depths, the origin of beudantite in the soils was likely allogenic rather than authigenic or anthropogenic. The formation of scorodite in the surface soils was suggested to be transformed from beudantite. As-associated Fe hydrous oxides may be contributed by the progressive dissolution of beudantite and scorodite, and the continuous influxes of As and Fe. While Fe hydrous oxides were able to immobilize As during the dissolution of As-bearing minerals, the increase of As mobility in soils may imply an increase in the environmental risk of As over time.
Keywords	aluminum ; arsenic ; barium ; elemental composition ; ferrihydrite ; iron ; lead ; oxides ; risk ; soil depth ; soil profiles ; soil properties ; Taiwan
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-02
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	120089-6
ISSN	1879-1298 ; 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
ISSN (online)	1879-1298
ISSN	0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
DOI	10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124956
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