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Article ; Online: Association of Ketamine Dosing with Intubation and Other Adverse Events in Patients with Behavioral Emergencies.

Sergot, Paulina B / Mead, Loren B / Jones, Elizabeth B / Crowe, Remle P / Huebinger, Ryan M

2023 , Page(s) 1–6

Abstract: Objective: Varying rates of complications have been reported for prehospital sedation with ketamine, and the relationship to dosing has not been studied on a large scale. We evaluated the association between prehospital ketamine dosing and rates of ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Varying rates of complications have been reported for prehospital sedation with ketamine, and the relationship to dosing has not been studied on a large scale. We evaluated the association between prehospital ketamine dosing and rates of intubations and other adverse events in patients with behavioral emergencies. Methods: Using the 2018/2019 ESO public-use research datasets, we included all non-traumatic, adult behavioral and drug-related EMS encounters with ketamine administration. Based on consensus guidelines, we stratified patients into "above" and "at/below" the maximum dosing for sedation (2 mg/kg IV/IO or 5 mg/kg IM) using the highest single dose of ketamine given. We created propensity scores for matched subjects using 1:1 propensity score matching. Using logistic regression, we compared rates of intubation and other airway interventions, antipsychotic coadministration, improvement reported by EMS, hypoxia, hypotension, and cardiac arrest between the two groups. Results: We included 2383 patients: 478 in the above and 1905 in the at/below dose group. Above-dose ketamine was associated with a higher rate of intubation or supraglottic airway placement (6.4% v 3.3%, OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.00-3.90). Other airway interventions were similar (40.0% v 40.0%, OR 1, 95% CI 0.80-1.30). The above-dose group also showed a higher rate of improvement noted by EMS clinicians (92.5% v 88.7%, OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.01-2.40). The rates of antipsychotic coadministration, hypoxia, hypotension, and cardiac arrest were similar between the cohorts. Conclusions: Patients given ketamine doses above consensus recommendations for sedation appeared more likely to receive prehospital intubation but not more likely to experience other adverse events.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1461751-1
ISSN	1545-0066 ; 1090-3127
ISSN (online)	1545-0066
ISSN	1090-3127
DOI	10.1080/10903127.2023.2234491
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Article ; Online: Survey-based Evaluation of Resident and Attending Financial Literacy.

Huebinger, Ryan M / Hussain, Rahat / Tupchong, Keegan / Walia, Shabana / Fairbrother, Hilary / Rogg, Jonathan

The western journal of emergency medicine

2021 Volume 22, Issue 6, Page(s) 1369–1373

Abstract: Introduction: Physician finances are linked to wellness and burnout. However, few physicians receive financial management education. We sought to determine the financial literacy and educational need of attending and resident physician at an academic ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Physician finances are linked to wellness and burnout. However, few physicians receive financial management education. We sought to determine the financial literacy and educational need of attending and resident physician at an academic emergency medicine (EM) residency. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional, survey study at an academic EM residency. We devised a 49-question survey with four major domains: demographics (16 questions); Likert-scale questions evaluating value placed on personal finances (3 questions); Likert-scale questions evaluating perceived financial literacy (11 questions); and a financial literacy test based on previously developed and widely used financial literacy questions (19 questions). We administered the survey to EM attendings and residents. We analyzed the data using descriptive statistics and compared attending and resident test question responses. Results: A total of 44 residents and 24 attendings responded to the survey. Few (9.0% of residents, 12.5% of attendings) reported prior formal financial education. However, most respondents (70.5% of residents and 79.2% of attendings) participated in financial self-learning. On a five-point Likert scale (not at all important: very important), respondents felt that financial independence (4.7 ± 0.8) and their finances (4.7±0.8) were important for their well-being. Additionally, they valued being prepared for retirement (4.7±0.9). Regarding perceived financial literacy (very uncomfortable: very comfortable), respondents had the lowest comfort level with investing in the stock market (2.7±1.5), applying for a mortgage (2.8±1.6), and managing their retirement (3.0±1.4). Residents scored significantly lower than attendings on the financial literacy test (70.8% vs 79.6%, P<0.01), and residents scored lower on questions pertaining to investment (78.8% v 88.9%, P<0.01) and insurance and taxes (47.0% v 70.8%, P<0.01). Overall, respondents scored lower on questions about retirement (58.8%, P<0.01) and insurance and taxes (54.7%, P<0.01). Conclusion: Emergency physicians' value of financial literacy exceeded confidence in financial literacy, and residents reported poorer confidence than attendings. We identified deficiencies in emergency physicians' financial literacy for retirement, insurance, and taxes.
MeSH term(s)	Cross-Sectional Studies ; Emergency Medicine/education ; Humans ; Internship and Residency ; Literacy ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2375700-0
ISSN	1936-9018 ; 1936-9018
ISSN (online)	1936-9018
ISSN	1936-9018
DOI	10.5811/westjem.2021.8.53016
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Article ; Online: Video laryngoscopy for out of hospital cardiac arrest.

Huebinger, Ryan M / Stilgenbauer, Hutch / Jarvis, Jeff L / Ostermayer, Daniel G / Schulz, Kevin / Wang, Henry E

Resuscitation

2021 Volume 162, Page(s) 143–148

Abstract: Introduction: Endotracheal intubation is an import component of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) resuscitation. In this analysis, we evaluate the association of video laryngoscopy (VL) with first pass success and return of spontaneous circulation ( ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Endotracheal intubation is an import component of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) resuscitation. In this analysis, we evaluate the association of video laryngoscopy (VL) with first pass success and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) using a national OHCA cohort. Methods: We analyzed 2018 data from ESO Inc. (Austin, TX), a national prehospital electronic health record. We included all adult, non-traumatic cardiac arrests undergoing endotracheal intubation. We defined VL and direct laryngoscopy (DL) based on paramedic recorded intubation device. The primary outcomes were first pass success, ROSC, and sustained ROSC. Using multivariable, mixed models, we determined the association between VL and first pass success rate, ROSC, and sustained ROSC (survival to ED or ROSC in the field for greater than 20 min), fitting agency as a random intercept and adjusting for confounders. Results: We included 22,132 patients cared for by 914 EMS agencies, including 5702 (25.7%) VL and 16,430 (74.2%) DL. Compared to DL, VL had a lower rate of bystander CPR, but other characteristics were similar between the groups. VL exhibited higher first pass success than DL (75.1% v 69.5%, p < .001). On mixed model analysis, VL was associated with a higher first pass success (OR 1.5, CI 1.3-1.6) but not ROSC (OR 1.1, CI 0.97-1.2) or sustained ROSC (OR 1.1, CI 0.9-1.2). Conclusion: While associated with higher FPS, VL was not associated with increased rate of ROSC. The role of VL in OHCA remains unclear.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Emergency Medical Services ; Humans ; Laryngoscopes ; Laryngoscopy ; Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest/therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-25
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	189901-6
ISSN	1873-1570 ; 0300-9572
ISSN (online)	1873-1570
ISSN	0300-9572
DOI	10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.02.031
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Article ; Online: Outcomes of end-stage renal disease patients in the PROCESS trial.

Huebinger, Ryan M / Walia, Shabana / Yealy, Donald M / Kellum, John A / Huang, David T / Wang, Henry E

Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open

2021 Volume 2, Issue 1, Page(s) e12358

Abstract: Objective: Intravenous fluid administration is a main component of sepsis therapy, but physicians are cautious about giving fluids to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients out of concern for causing volume overload. We compared the outcomes of septic ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Intravenous fluid administration is a main component of sepsis therapy, but physicians are cautious about giving fluids to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients out of concern for causing volume overload. We compared the outcomes of septic shock patients with and without ESRD and evaluated the association between early intravenous fluid administration and outcomes. Methods: We analyzed patients enrolled in the Protocolized Care for Early Septic Shock (PROCESS) trial, which studied different resuscitation strategies for early septic shock. Stratifying for ESRD, we compared patient characteristics, course of care, and outcomes between ESRD and non-ESRD. Using multivariable logistic regression, we determined the association between 6-hour total fluid volume (> = 30 mL/kg vs < 30 mL/kg) from preenrollment and outcomes. Results: There were 84 ESRD and 1257 non-ESRD patients. ESRD patients had a higher median Charlson Comorbidity score (5 vs 2, Conclusions: In the PROCESS trial, ESRD patients had similar outcomes to non-ESRD patients. Although ESRD patients received less intravenous fluid administration, most received over 30 mL/kg in the first 6 hours. In contrast to non-ESRD patients, receiving ≥30 mL/kg of intravenous fluid was not associated with worse outcomes in ESRD.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2688-1152
ISSN (online)	2688-1152
DOI	10.1002/emp2.12358
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Article ; Online: Mathematical model predicts anti-adhesion-antibiotic-debridement combination therapies can clear an antibiotic resistant infection.

Roberts, Paul A / Huebinger, Ryan M / Keen, Emma / Krachler, Anne-Marie / Jabbari, Sara

PLoS computational biology

2019 Volume 15, Issue 7, Page(s) e1007211

Abstract: As antimicrobial resistance increases, it is crucial to develop new treatment strategies to counter the emerging threat. In this paper, we consider combination therapies involving conventional antibiotics and debridement, coupled with a novel anti- ... ...

Abstract	As antimicrobial resistance increases, it is crucial to develop new treatment strategies to counter the emerging threat. In this paper, we consider combination therapies involving conventional antibiotics and debridement, coupled with a novel anti-adhesion therapy, and their use in the treatment of antimicrobial resistant burn wound infections. Our models predict that anti-adhesion-antibiotic-debridement combination therapies can eliminate a bacterial infection in cases where each treatment in isolation would fail. Antibiotics are assumed to have a bactericidal mode of action, killing bacteria, while debridement involves physically cleaning a wound (e.g. with a cloth); removing free bacteria. Anti-adhesion therapy can take a number of forms. Here we consider adhesion inhibitors consisting of polystyrene microbeads chemically coupled to a protein known as multivalent adhesion molecule 7, an adhesin which mediates the initial stages of attachment of many bacterial species to host cells. Adhesion inhibitors competitively inhibit bacteria from binding to host cells, thus rendering them susceptible to removal through debridement. An ordinary differential equation model is developed and the antibiotic-related parameters are fitted against new in vitro data gathered for the present study. The model is used to predict treatment outcomes and to suggest optimal treatment strategies. Our model predicts that anti-adhesion and antibiotic therapies will combine synergistically, producing a combined effect which is often greater than the sum of their individual effects, and that anti-adhesion-antibiotic-debridement combination therapy will be more effective than any of the treatment strategies used in isolation. Further, the use of inhibitors significantly reduces the minimum dose of antibiotics required to eliminate an infection, reducing the chances that bacteria will develop increased resistance. Lastly, we use our model to suggest treatment regimens capable of eliminating bacterial infections within clinically relevant timescales.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage ; Bacterial Adhesion/drug effects ; Bacterial Infections/drug therapy ; Bacterial Infections/microbiology ; Bacterial Infections/surgery ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Computational Biology ; Computer Simulation ; Debridement ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Host Microbial Interactions/drug effects ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Treatment Outcome ; Wound Infection/drug therapy ; Wound Infection/microbiology ; Wound Infection/surgery
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2193340-6
ISSN	1553-7358 ; 1553-734X
ISSN (online)	1553-7358
ISSN	1553-734X
DOI	10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007211
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Article ; Online: Serum Level of Musclin Is Elevated Following Severe Burn.

Clark, Audra / Huebinger, Ryan M / Carlson, Deborah L / Wolf, Steven E / Song, Juquan

Journal of burn care & research : official publication of the American Burn Association

2019 Volume 40, Issue 5, Page(s) 535–540

Abstract: Muscle wasting induced by severe burn worsens clinical outcomes is associated with hyperglycemia. A novel muscle-specific secretory factor, musclin, was reported to regulate glucose metabolism with a homologous sequence of natriuretic peptides. The ... ...

Abstract	Muscle wasting induced by severe burn worsens clinical outcomes is associated with hyperglycemia. A novel muscle-specific secretory factor, musclin, was reported to regulate glucose metabolism with a homologous sequence of natriuretic peptides. The purpose of the study was to investigate musclin expression in response to burn injury in both human and animal models. Serum was collected from 13 adult burn patients and circulating levels of musclin protein were measured via elisa. The cytokine profile was measured by Bio-Plex multiple immunoassay. Following the clinical study, we used a burn rat model with 40% TBSA to study the time course of musclin expression till day 14. Rat serum and muscle tissue sample were harvested. Finally, an in vitro study was applied to investigate whether the muscle cell C2C12 myoblast expressed musclin under 10% burn serum stimulation. Pearson analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation of musclin expression to total body surface area of burn in patients (P &= .038). Musclin expression was significantly positively correlated with IL-4, IL-7, IL-12, and IL-13 in burn patients' serum (P < .05). In the animal study, we found that the musclin level evaluated at 6 hours and 1 day in burn rat serum (P < .05). In vitro, musclin mRNA expression significantly increased with burn serum stimulation at 24 hours (P < .05). In conclusion, serum level of musclin elevated both in human patients and burn animals; musclin was correlated with the severity of burn injury as well as with an elevated cytokine profile in patients; burn serum-stimulated musclin expression in vitro further identified the resource of musclin expression after burn.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Animals ; Burns/blood ; Burns/pathology ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Middle Aged ; Muscle Proteins/blood ; Myoblasts/metabolism ; Rats ; Time Factors ; Transcription Factors/blood ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Cytokines ; Muscle Proteins ; OSTN protein, human ; Ostn protein, rat ; Transcription Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2224246-6
ISSN	1559-0488 ; 1559-047X
ISSN (online)	1559-0488
ISSN	1559-047X
DOI	10.1093/jbcr/irz101
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Article ; Online: Branched-Chain Amino Acids Are Linked with Alzheimer's Disease-Related Pathology and Cognitive Deficits.

Siddik, Md Abu Bakkar / Mullins, Caitlyn A / Kramer, Alyssa / Shah, Harsh / Gannaban, Ritchel B / Zabet-Moghaddam, Masoud / Huebinger, Ryan M / Hegde, Vijay K / MohanKumar, Sheba M J / MohanKumar, Puliyur S / Shin, Andrew C

Cells

2022 Volume 11, Issue 21

Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder with a complex pathophysiology. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a strong risk factor for AD that shares similar abnormal features including metabolic dysregulation and brain pathology such ... ...

Abstract	Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder with a complex pathophysiology. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a strong risk factor for AD that shares similar abnormal features including metabolic dysregulation and brain pathology such as amyloid and/or Tau deposits. Emerging evidence suggests that circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are associated with T2D. While excess BCAAs are shown to be harmful to neurons, its connection to AD is poorly understood. Here we show that individuals with AD have elevated circulating BCAAs and their metabolites compared to healthy individuals, and that a BCAA metabolite is correlated with the severity of dementia. APP
MeSH term(s)	Mice ; Animals ; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain/metabolism ; Alzheimer Disease/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Cognitive Dysfunction ; Cognition
Chemical Substances	Amino Acids, Branched-Chain
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2661518-6
ISSN	2073-4409 ; 2073-4409
ISSN (online)	2073-4409
ISSN	2073-4409
DOI	10.3390/cells11213523
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Article ; Online: Retrospective Study of Midazolam Protocol for Prehospital Behavioral Emergencies.

Huebinger, Ryan M / Zaidi, Hashim Q / Tataris, Katie L / Weber, Joseph M / Pearlman, Kenneth S / Markul, Eddie / Stein-Spencer, Leslee / Richards, Christopher T

The western journal of emergency medicine

2020 Volume 21, Issue 3, Page(s) 677–683

Abstract: Introduction: Agitated patients in the prehospital setting pose challenges for both patient care and emergency medical services (EMS) provider safety. Midazolam is frequently used to control agitation in the emergency department setting; however, ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Agitated patients in the prehospital setting pose challenges for both patient care and emergency medical services (EMS) provider safety. Midazolam is frequently used to control agitation in the emergency department setting; however, limited data exist in the prehospital setting. We describe our experience treating patients with midazolam for behavioral emergencies in a large urban EMS system. We hypothesized that using midazolam for acute agitation leads to improved clinical conditions without causing significant clinical deterioration. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of EMS patient care reports following implementation of a behavioral emergencies protocol in a large urban EMS system from February 2014-June 2016. For acute agitation, paramedics administered midazolam 1 milligram (mg) intravenous (IV), 5 mg intramuscular (IM), or 5 mg intranasal (IN). Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Levene's test for assessing variance among study groups, and t-test to evaluate effectiveness based on route. Results: In total, midazolam was administered 294 times to 257 patients. Median age was 30 (interquartile range 24-42) years, and 66.5% were male. Doses administered were 1 mg (7.1%) and 5 mg (92.9%). Routes were IM (52.0%), IN (40.8%), and IV (7.1%). A second dose was administered to 37 patients. In the majority of administrations, midazolam improved the patient's condition (73.5%) with infrequent adverse events (3.4%). There was no significant difference between the effectiveness of IM and IN midazolam (71.0% vs 75.4%; p = 0.24). Conclusion: A midazolam protocol for prehospital agitation was associated with reduced agitation and a low rate of adverse events.
MeSH term(s)	Administration, Intranasal ; Administration, Intravenous ; Adult ; Allied Health Personnel ; Clinical Protocols ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Emergencies ; Emergency Medical Services/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives/administration & dosage ; Hypnotics and Sedatives/therapeutic use ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Male ; Mental Disorders/drug therapy ; Midazolam/administration & dosage ; Midazolam/therapeutic use ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Midazolam (R60L0SM5BC)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2375700-0
ISSN	1936-9018 ; 1936-900X
ISSN (online)	1936-9018
ISSN	1936-900X
DOI	10.5811/westjem.2020.3.45552
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Article ; Online: Clinical characteristics and course of out-of-hospital shock in a national emergency medical services cohort.

George, Timothy P / Chan, Hei Kit / Crowe, Remle P / Jarvis, Jeffrey L / Jansen, Jan O / Huebinger, Ryan M / Wang, Henry E

Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open

2020 Volume 1, Issue 4, Page(s) 432–439

Abstract: Background: Shock from medical and traumatic conditions can result in organ injury and death. Limited data describe out-of-hospital treatment of shock. We sought to characterize adult out-of-hospital shock care in a national emergency medical services ( ... ...

Abstract	Background: Shock from medical and traumatic conditions can result in organ injury and death. Limited data describe out-of-hospital treatment of shock. We sought to characterize adult out-of-hospital shock care in a national emergency medical services (EMS) cohort. Methods: This cross-sectional study used 2018 data from ESO, Inc. (Austin, TX), a national EMS electronic health record system, containing data from 1289 EMS agencies in the United States. We included adult (age ≥18 years) non-cardiac arrest patients with shock, defined as initial systolic blood pressure ≤80 mm Hg. We compared patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and response (defined as systolic blood pressure increase) between medical and traumatic shock patients, looking at systolic blood pressure trends over the first 90 minutes of care. Results: Among 6,156,895 adult 911 responses, shock was present in 62,867 (1.02%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01%-1.03%); 54,239 (86.3%) medical and 5978 (9.5%) traumatic, and 2650 unknown. Medical was more common than traumatic shock in women and older patients. The most common injuries associated with traumatic shock were falls (37.6%) and motor vehicle crashes (18.7%). Mean initial and final medical systolic blood pressure were 71 ± 10 mm Hg and 99 ± 24 mm Hg. Systolic blood pressure increased in 88.8% and decreased or did not change in 11.0%. Mean initial and final trauma systolic blood pressure were 71 ± 13 mm Hg and 105 ± 28 mm Hg; systolic blood pressure increased in 90.4% and decreased/did not change in 9.6%. On fractional polynomial modeling, systolic blood pressure changes were greater and faster for trauma than medical shock. Conclusions: In this national series, 1 of every 100 EMS encounters involved shock. These findings highlight the current course and care of shock in the out-of-hospital setting.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2688-1152
ISSN (online)	2688-1152
DOI	10.1002/emp2.12090
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Article ; Online: Predictive modelling of a novel anti-adhesion therapy to combat bacterial colonisation of burn wounds.

Roberts, Paul A / Huebinger, Ryan M / Keen, Emma / Krachler, Anne-Marie / Jabbari, Sara

PLoS computational biology

2018 Volume 14, Issue 5, Page(s) e1006071

Abstract: As the development of new classes of antibiotics slows, bacterial resistance to existing antibiotics is becoming an increasing problem. A potential solution is to develop treatment strategies with an alternative mode of action. We consider one such ... ...

Abstract	As the development of new classes of antibiotics slows, bacterial resistance to existing antibiotics is becoming an increasing problem. A potential solution is to develop treatment strategies with an alternative mode of action. We consider one such strategy: anti-adhesion therapy. Whereas antibiotics act directly upon bacteria, either killing them or inhibiting their growth, anti-adhesion therapy impedes the binding of bacteria to host cells. This prevents bacteria from deploying their arsenal of virulence mechanisms, while simultaneously rendering them more susceptible to natural and artificial clearance. In this paper, we consider a particular form of anti-adhesion therapy, involving biomimetic multivalent adhesion molecule 7 coupled polystyrene microbeads, which competitively inhibit the binding of bacteria to host cells. We develop a mathematical model, formulated as a system of ordinary differential equations, to describe inhibitor treatment of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa burn wound infection in the rat. Benchmarking our model against in vivo data from an ongoing experimental programme, we use the model to explain bacteria population dynamics and to predict the efficacy of a range of treatment strategies, with the aim of improving treatment outcome. The model consists of two physical compartments: the host cells and the exudate. It is found that, when effective in reducing the bacterial burden, inhibitor treatment operates both by preventing bacteria from binding to the host cells and by reducing the flux of daughter cells from the host cells into the exudate. Our model predicts that inhibitor treatment cannot eliminate the bacterial burden when used in isolation; however, when combined with regular or continuous debridement of the exudate, elimination is theoretically possible. Lastly, we present ways to improve therapeutic efficacy, as predicted by our mathematical model.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Bacterial Adhesion/drug effects ; Bacterial Infections/drug therapy ; Bacterial Infections/microbiology ; Bacterial Infections/prevention & control ; Burns/microbiology ; Computational Biology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Models, Statistical ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Wound Infection/drug therapy ; Wound Infection/microbiology ; Wound Infection/prevention & control
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-05-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2193340-6
ISSN	1553-7358 ; 1553-734X
ISSN (online)	1553-7358
ISSN	1553-734X
DOI	10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006071
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