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Article: Changes in threats from chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder and lung cancer with environmental improvements in China: Quantitative evaluation and prediction based on a model with age as a probe.

Hui, Liu

2024 Volume 10, Issue 7, Page(s) e28977

Abstract: Various indicators can be used to assess threats from chronic diseases. This study presented new indicators of quantitative evaluation and prediction of threats from chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) and lung cancer and assessed relevant ... ...

Abstract	Various indicators can be used to assess threats from chronic diseases. This study presented new indicators of quantitative evaluation and prediction of threats from chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) and lung cancer and assessed relevant changes in these indicators occurring with environmental improvements. Age at zero mortality (AM0) and age at average mortality (AMa) values were calculated based on the regression of the linear relationship of age with mortality for COPD or lung cancer. The lower the AM0 or AMa of a chronic disease, the greater the threats from the disease to a population were considered to be. AM0 values of both diseases were higher in 2019 than in 2004. Moreover, AM0 was lower for lung cancer than for COPD (0.365 vs. 41.643); however, lung cancer and COPD demonstrated almost identical values for age-standardized mortality. AMa values of both the diseases in 2004 and 2019 were within the range of the median age group (70-74 years). In recent years, the overall mortality risk for lung cancer and COPD has decreased with environmental improvement, and aging has played a major role in lung cancer and COPD development. AM0 and AMa values may be used as a theoretical basis for further research on chronic diseases, particularly lung cancer and COPD.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28977
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: A new pathway for considering trigger factors based on parallel-serial connection models and displaying the relationships of causal factors in low-probability events.

Hui, Liu

BMC medical research methodology

2023 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 93

Abstract: Background: To determine the effect size of observed factors considering trigger factors based on parallel-serial models and to explore how multiple factors can be related to the result of complex events for low-probability events with binary outcomes.!# ...

Abstract	Background: To determine the effect size of observed factors considering trigger factors based on parallel-serial models and to explore how multiple factors can be related to the result of complex events for low-probability events with binary outcomes. Methods: A low-probability event with a true binary outcome can be explained by a trigger factor. The models were based on the parallel-serial connection of switches; causal factors, including trigger factors, were simplified as switches. Effect size values of an observed factor for an outcome were calculated as SAR = (Pe-Pn)/(Pe + Pn), where Pe and Pn represent percentages in the exposed and nonexposed groups, respectively, and SAR represents standardized absolute risk. The influence of trigger factors is eliminated by SAR. Actual data were collected to obtain a deeper understanding of the system. Results: SAR values of < 0.25, 0.25-0.50, and > 0.50 indicate low, medium, and high effect sizes, respectively. The system of data visualization based on the parallel-serial connection model revealed that at least 7 predictors with SAR > 0.50, including a trigger factor, were needed to predict schizophrenia. The SAR of the HLADQB103 gene was 0.22 for schizophrenia. Conclusions:* It is likely that the trigger factors and observed factors had a cumulative effect, as indicated by the parallel-serial connection model for binary outcomes. SAR may allow better evaluation of the effect size of a factor in complex events by eliminating the influence of trigger factors. The efficiency and efficacy of observational research could be increased if we are able to clarify how multiple factors can be related to a result in a pragmatic manner.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Probability
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041362-2
ISSN	1471-2288 ; 1471-2288
ISSN (online)	1471-2288
ISSN	1471-2288
DOI	10.1186/s12874-023-01919-3
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Article ; Online: Quantitative evaluations of variations using the population mean as a baseline for bioinformatics interpretation.

Hui, Liu

PeerJ

2023 Volume 11, Page(s) e14955

Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study were to establish a model of quantitative evaluation that uses the population mean as a baseline of variations and describe variations derived from different types and systems using new concepts.: Methods: The ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The purpose of this study were to establish a model of quantitative evaluation that uses the population mean as a baseline of variations and describe variations derived from different types and systems using new concepts. Methods: The observed datasets, including measurement data and relative data, were transformed to 0-1.0 using the population mean. Datasets derived from different types (same category of dataset, different categories of datasets, and datasets with the same baseline) were transformed using different methods. The 'middle compared index' (MCI) was used to describe the change in magnitude as follows: [a/(a+b)+(1-b)/(2-a-b)-1] Results: When the value before the magnitude change was equal to that after the magnitude change, the MCI was equal to 0; when the value before the magnitude change was equal to 0 and that after the magnitude change was equal to 1, the MCI was equal to 1. This implies the MCI is valid. When the value before the magnitude change was 0 and that after the magnitude change was 0.5, or when the value before the magnitude change was 0.5 and that after the magnitude change was 1.0, each MCI was approximately equal to 0.5. The values derived from the absolute, ratio, and MCI methods were different, indicating that the MCI is an independent index. Conclusion: The MCI perfectly performs as an evaluation model using the population mean as the baseline, and it may be more a reasonable index than the ratio or absolute methods. The MCI increases our understanding of quantitative variations in evaluation measures of association using new concepts.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cognitive Dysfunction ; Computational Biology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2703241-3
ISSN	2167-8359 ; 2167-8359
ISSN (online)	2167-8359
ISSN	2167-8359
DOI	10.7717/peerj.14955
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Article ; Online: Socio-Emotional Wealth, Innovation Environment, and Innovative Investment Path of Family Enterprises

Hui Liu

Journal of Environmental and Public Health, Vol

Implications for Environmental Accountability

2022 Volume 2022

Abstract: Driven by social development, family enterprises continue to grow in terms of scale and number, becoming an important force that promotes China’s economic development, and how to achieve the healthy growth of family enterprises has become an inevitable ... ...

Abstract	Driven by social development, family enterprises continue to grow in terms of scale and number, becoming an important force that promotes China’s economic development, and how to achieve the healthy growth of family enterprises has become an inevitable topic. With the increasingly fierce market competition, more and more family businesses have changed from a single market model to cross-industry operation, trying to seek new growth points through industry diversification. Multiculturalism is the product of a particular era, and it is closely related to the great changes in society in a specific era, including new changes in the fields of family, marriage, religion, education, and race relations and even to the international context. Multiculturalism is a theoretical response to these changes and represents the current cultural research tendencies of the international academic community. Socio-emotional wealth and an innovative environment are particularly important for family businesses in a multicultural context. The article first introduces the social emotional wealth and the innovation investment of family enterprises, then focuses on the impact of the innovation environment on the innovation investment of family enterprises, and analyzes the influence mechanism of social emotional wealth and innovation environment on family innovation investment, so as to put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions, which also has certain guiding significance for the innovation management and practice of Chinese family enterprises.
Keywords	Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	300
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Hindawi Limited
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Heredity Indexes for Estimating Heritability Using Known and Unknown Family Data Based on the Model of Polygenic Inheritance

Hui Liu

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine, Vol

2020 Volume 2020

Abstract: Objective. To establish a model for estimating genetic risk using known and unknown family data. Methods. Four simulated datasets were generated for four paternal and maternal chromosomes. The simulated data for children were generated from the parental ... ...

Abstract	Objective. To establish a model for estimating genetic risk using known and unknown family data. Methods. Four simulated datasets were generated for four paternal and maternal chromosomes. The simulated data for children were generated from the parental data according to the Mendelian law. The correlation coefficient between the children’s and paternal data was calculated, and 2R was defined as the heredity index for continuous data (HIC). The simulated continuous data were transformed into binary data according to the gene accumulation threshold (incidence); the incidences of children in the parental no-disease group and the disease onset group were obtained; the correlation coefficient (R) was calculated as expected R (Re). The ratio of observed R (Ro) and Re was defined as the Heredity index for binary data (HIB). Results. Different actual pedigree data (lunula and holding a hammer in the right or left hand) were successfully used to verify the accuracy of the model. The genetic risk was estimated according to the incidence in a population using a lookup table. Conclusion. Our findings indicate the reliability of the model based on the fact that the multigene effect constitutes the normal distribution. Thus, this model can be used for comprehensive analysis of the influence of genetic and nongenetic factors on the genetic phenotype and to estimate genetic risk using known and unknown family data.
Keywords	Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ; R858-859.7
Subject code	310
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Hindawi Limited
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Need for discriminating between diagnostic and screening efficacy to estimate a biomarker based on case control and cohort studies.

Hui, Liu

Scientific reports

2021 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 22450

Abstract: This study proposes the comprehensive index of biomarker (CIB), based on the consistency of a biomarker in case control (Youden index, J) and cohort studies (Crc), to evaluate biomarker efficacy. CIB was calculated as the mean of J and Crc. Analysis of ... ...

Abstract	This study proposes the comprehensive index of biomarker (CIB), based on the consistency of a biomarker in case control (Youden index, J) and cohort studies (Crc), to evaluate biomarker efficacy. CIB was calculated as the mean of J and Crc. Analysis of the effect of sensitivity and specificity on CIB and ROC analysis of CIB were performed in simulated and actual datasets. J and CIB had similar values for high-probability events (say probability was 0.50), but there was a significant difference between J and CIB for low-probability events (say probability was 0.05). Therefore, as the subjects considered for diagnosis are usually symptomatic, the occurrence of a disease can be assumed to be a high-probability event. In contrast, as the subjects considered in screening for a disease are usually healthy and asymptomatic, the occurrence of a disease is assumed to be a low-probability event. Although J is the common index used to evaluate the diagnostic effectiveness, unfortunately, the J value is significantly larger than CIB value in a low-probability event, showing overestimation for screening purpose. CIB could have more potential than J for determining the screening efficacy of a biomarker. The efficacy of a biomarker could differ for diagnostic, screening, predictive, and prognostic purposes, and it would be better to evaluate the efficacy of biomarkers for specific systems or contexts.
MeSH term(s)	Area Under Curve ; Biomarkers, Tumor/blood ; Case-Control Studies ; Cohort Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mass Screening/methods ; Probability ; Prognosis ; ROC Curve ; Stomach Neoplasms/blood ; Stomach Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Stomach Neoplasms/epidemiology
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers, Tumor
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-021-01904-0
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Article ; Online: Research on the Teaching Path of Integrating Excellent Traditional Chinese Culture into the Course of “Spoken Language for Preschool Teachers”

hui Liu / YiBei Shi

SHS Web of Conferences, Vol 171, p

2023 Volume 02027

Abstract: Teaching in universities should not only meet the development needs of students’ professional skills, but also focus on imparting classroom ideological and political elements. As the core course of preschool education, “ Spoken Language for Preschool ... ...

Abstract	Teaching in universities should not only meet the development needs of students’ professional skills, but also focus on imparting classroom ideological and political elements. As the core course of preschool education, “ Spoken Language for Preschool Teachers “ aims to deeply explore the connotation of traditional Chinese culture, strengthen the power, consolidate the platform, and innovate the mode of education, lead students to inherit the Chinese spirit. On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of the course “ Spoken Language for Preschool Teachers”, this article proposes specific construction plans and implementation strategies.
Keywords	Social Sciences ; H
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	EDP Sciences
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Influence of Climate Change on Carbon Emissions during Grain Production and Its Mechanism

Muziyun Liu / Hui Liu

Sustainability, Vol 15, Iss 10237, p

2023 Volume 10237

Abstract: Abnormal climatic changes and related disasters are increasing in prevalence, with many negative impacts on ecosystems and agricultural production. The area of land in China is vast, including diverse terrain and climate types, and a substantial area is ... ...

Abstract	Abnormal climatic changes and related disasters are increasing in prevalence, with many negative impacts on ecosystems and agricultural production. The area of land in China is vast, including diverse terrain and climate types, and a substantial area is used to grow food crops. Therefore, climate change is having a huge impact on China’s grain production. Currently, the relationship between climate change and carbon emissions during grain production and the underlying mechanism have not been fully clarified. Therefore, this study used an ordinary least squares regression (OLS) model and the system generalized method of moments (SYS-GMM) to examine the influence of climatic change and carbon emissions during grain production, and we constructed mediation effect models to explore the mechanism of influence between them by utilizing panel data in China from 2000 to 2020. In addition, we also examined the adjustment effect of green technology progress and farmland scale. The study found that China’s carbon emissions during grain production increased from 2000 to 2015 and then presented a decreasing trend after 2015. We found that the annual average temperature has a prominent positive effect on carbon emissions during grain production, while the annual average rainfall has a negative effect. Among them, temperature changes mainly lead to the increase in carbon emissions during grain production through the increase in “fertilizer use” and “multiple cropping index”, but the mechanism of rainfall changes’ impact on carbon emissions during grain production is still unclear. In addition, green technology progress and farmland scale play adjustment roles in the impact of climate change on carbon emissions during grain production, and they could significantly suppress carbon emissions. On the basis of the conclusions in this paper, we propose that strengthening climate change adaptation is an important prerequisite for reducing carbon emissions during grain production. Furthermore, China should continue to reduce ...
Keywords	climate change ; carbon emissions during grain production ; green technology progress ; farmland scale ; fertilizer use ; multiple cropping index ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Analyzing the Relationship between Cohort and Case-Control Study Results Based on Model for Multiple Pathogenic Factors

Hui Liu

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine, Vol

2019 Volume 2019

Abstract: Objective. Although the relative risk from a prospective cohort study is numerically approximate to the odds ratio from a case-control study for a low-probability event, a definite relationship between case-control and cohort studies cannot be confirmed. ...

Abstract	Objective. Although the relative risk from a prospective cohort study is numerically approximate to the odds ratio from a case-control study for a low-probability event, a definite relationship between case-control and cohort studies cannot be confirmed. In this study, we established a different model to determine the relationship between case-control and cohort studies. Methods. Two analysis models (the cross-sectional model and multiple pathogenic factor model) were established. Incidences in both the exposure group and the nonexposure group in a cohort study were compared with the frequency of the observed factor in each group (diseased and nondiseased) in a case-control study. Results. The relationship between the results of a case-control study and a cohort study is as follows: Pe=Pd∗m/Pc∗1−m+Pd∗m; Pn=m∗1−Pd/1−Pc∗1−m−Pd∗m, where Pe and Pn represent the incidence in the exposed group and nonexposed group, respectively, from the cohort study, while Pd and Pc represent the observed frequencies in the disease group and the control group, respectively, for the case-control study; finally, m represents the incidence in the total population. Conclusions. There is a definite relationship between the results of case-control and cohort studies assessing the same exposure. The outcomes of case-control studies can be translated into cohort study data.
Keywords	Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ; R858-859.7
Subject code	420
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Hindawi Limited
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Seasonal Variability of Arctic Mid-Level Clouds and the Relationships with Sea Ice from 2003 to 2022

Xi Wang / Jian Liu / Hui Liu

Remote Sensing, Vol 16, Iss 1, p

A Satellite Perspective

2024 Volume 202

Abstract: Mid-level clouds play a crucial role in the Arctic. Due to observational limitations, there is scarce research on the long-term evolution of Arctic mid-level clouds. From a satellite perspective, this study attempts to analyze the seasonal variations in ... ...

Abstract	Mid-level clouds play a crucial role in the Arctic. Due to observational limitations, there is scarce research on the long-term evolution of Arctic mid-level clouds. From a satellite perspective, this study attempts to analyze the seasonal variations in Arctic mid-level clouds and explore the possible relationships with sea ice changes using observations from the hyperspectral Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) over the past two decades. For mid-level clouds of three layers (648, 548, and 447 hPa) involved in AIRS, high values of effective cloud fraction (ECF) occur in summer, and low values primarily occur in early spring, while the seasonal variations are different. The ECF anomalies are notably larger at 648 hPa than those at 548 and 447 hPa. Meanwhile, the ECF values at 648 hPa show a clear reduced seasonal variability for the regions north of 80°N, which has its minimum coefficient of variation (CV) during 2019 to 2020. The seasonal CV is relatively lower in the regions dominated by Greenland and sea areas with less sea ice coverage. Analysis indicates that the decline in mid-level ECF’s seasonal mean CV is closely correlated to the retreat of Arctic sea ice during September. Singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis reveals a reverse spatial pattern in the seasonal CV anomaly of mid-level clouds and leads anomaly. However, it is worth noting that this pattern varies by region. In the Greenland Sea and areas near the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, both CV and leads demonstrate negative (positive) anomalies, probably attributed to the stronger influence of atmospheric and oceanic circulations or the presence of land on the sea ice in these areas.
Keywords	mid-level clouds ; Arctic ; seasonal variability ; sea ice ; AIRS ; Science ; Q
Subject code	551 ; 290
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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