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Article: The Current Role of Biologics for Meniscus Injury and Treatment.

Hutchinson, Ian D / Rodeo, Scott A

Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine

2022 Volume 15, Issue 6, Page(s) 456–464

Abstract: Purpose of review: There is little doubt that the consensus has changed to favor preservation of meniscal function where possible. Accordingly, the indications for meniscal repair strategies have been refocused on the long-term interest of knee joint ... ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: There is little doubt that the consensus has changed to favor preservation of meniscal function where possible. Accordingly, the indications for meniscal repair strategies have been refocused on the long-term interest of knee joint health. The development and refinements in surgical technique have been complemented by biological augmentation strategies to address intrinsic challenges in healing capacity of meniscal tissue, with variable effects. Recent findings: A contemporary approach to meniscal healing includes adequate surgical fixation, meniscal and synovial tissue stimulation, and management of the intraarticular milieu. Overall, evidence supporting the use of autogenous or allogeneic cell sources remains limited. The use of FDA-approved medications to effect biologically favorable mechanisms during meniscal healing holds promise. Development and characterization of biologics continue to advance with translational research focused on specific growth factors, cell and tissue behaviors in meniscal healing, and joint homeostasis. Although significant strides have been made in laboratory and pre-clinical studies, translation to clinical application remains challenging. Finally, expert consensus and standardization of nomenclature related to orthobiologics for meniscal preservation will be important for the advancement of this field.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2407827-X
ISSN	1935-9748 ; 1935-973X
ISSN (online)	1935-9748
ISSN	1935-973X
DOI	10.1007/s12178-022-09778-z
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Article ; Online: Editorial Commentary: The Statistical Fragility Index of Medical Trials Is Low By Design: Critical Evaluation of Confidence Intervals Is Required.

Cote, Mark P / Asnis, Peter / Hutchinson, Ian D / Berkson, Eric

Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association

2024 Volume 40, Issue 3, Page(s) 1006–1008

Abstract: The Fragility Index (FI) provides the number of patients whose outcome would need to have changed for the results of a clinical trial to no longer be statistically significant. Although it's a well-intended and easily interpreted metric, its calculation ... ...

Abstract	The Fragility Index (FI) provides the number of patients whose outcome would need to have changed for the results of a clinical trial to no longer be statistically significant. Although it's a well-intended and easily interpreted metric, its calculation is based on reversing a significant finding and therefore its interpretation is only relevant in the domain of statistical significance. Its interpretation is only relevant in the domain of statistical significance. A well-designed clinical trial includes an a priori sample size calculation that aims to find the bare minimum of patients needed to obtain statistical significance. Such trials are fragile by design! Examining the robustness of clinical trials requires an estimation of uncertainty, rather than a misconstrued, dichotomous focus on statistical significance. Confidence intervals (CIs) provide a range of values that are compatible with a study's data and help determine the precision of results and the compatibility of the data with different hypotheses. The width of the CI speaks to the precision of the results, and the extent to which the values contained within have potential to be clinically important. Finally, one should not assume that a large FI indicates robust findings. Poorly executed trials are prone to bias, leading to large effects, and therefore, small P values, and a large FI. Let's move our future focus from the FI toward the CI.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Bias ; Confidence Intervals ; Sample Size ; Clinical Trials as Topic
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial ; Comment
ZDB-ID	632528-2
ISSN	1526-3231 ; 0749-8063
ISSN (online)	1526-3231
ISSN	0749-8063
DOI	10.1016/j.arthro.2023.10.010
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Article: Advances with Platelet-Rich Plasma for Bone Healing.

Bacevich, Blake M / Smith, Richard David James / Reihl, Alec M / Mazzocca, Augustus D / Hutchinson, Ian D

Biologics : targets & therapy

2024 Volume 18, Page(s) 29–59

Abstract: Despite significant advances in the understanding and delivery of osteosynthesis, fracture non-union remains a challenging clinical problem in orthopaedic surgery. To bridge the gap, basic science characterization of fracture healing provides a platform ... ...

Abstract	Despite significant advances in the understanding and delivery of osteosynthesis, fracture non-union remains a challenging clinical problem in orthopaedic surgery. To bridge the gap, basic science characterization of fracture healing provides a platform to identify and target biological strategies to enhance fracture healing. Of immense interest, Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a point of care orthobiologic that has been extensively studied in bone and soft tissue healing given its relative ease of translation from the benchtop to the clinic. The aim of this narrative review is to describe and relate pre-clinical in-vitro and in-vivo findings to clinical observations investigating the efficacy of PRP to enhance bone healing for primary fracture management and non-union treatment. A particular emphasis is placed on the heterogeneity of PRP preparation techniques, composition, activation strategies, and delivery. In the context of existing data, the routine use of PRP to enhance primary fracture healing and non-union management cannot be supported. However, it is acknowledged that extensive heterogeneity of PRP treatments in clinical studies adds obscurity; ultimately, refinement (and consensus) of PRP treatments for specific clinical indications, including repetition studies are warranted.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-25
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2415708-9
ISSN	1177-5491 ; 1177-5475
ISSN (online)	1177-5491
ISSN	1177-5475
DOI	10.2147/BTT.S290341
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Article ; Online: Is Metformin Use Associated with Prolonged Overall Survival in Patients with Soft Tissue Sarcoma? A SEER-Medicare Study.

Hutchinson, Ian D / Ata, Ashar / DiCaprio, Matthew R

Clinical orthopaedics and related research

2021 Volume 480, Issue 4, Page(s) 735–744

Abstract: Background: Metformin, an oral drug used to treat patients with diabetes, has been associated with prolonged survival in patients with various visceral carcinomas. Although the exact mechanisms are unknown, preclinical translational studies demonstrate ... ...

Abstract	Background: Metformin, an oral drug used to treat patients with diabetes, has been associated with prolonged survival in patients with various visceral carcinomas. Although the exact mechanisms are unknown, preclinical translational studies demonstrate that metformin may impair tumor cellular metabolism, alter matrix turnover, and suppress oncogenic signaling pathways. Currently used chemotherapeutic agents have not been very successful in the adjuvant setting or for treating patients with metastatic sarcomas. We wanted to know whether metformin might be associated with improved survival in patients with a soft tissue sarcoma. Questions/purposes: In patients treated for a soft tissue sarcoma, we asked: (1) Is there an association between metformin use and longer survival? (2) How does this association differ, if at all, among patients with and without the diagnosis of diabetes? Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare (SEER-Medicare) database was used to identify patients with a diagnosis of soft tissue sarcoma from 2007 to 2016. Concomitant medication use was identified using National Drug Codes using the Medicare Part D event files. This database was chosen because of the large number of captured sarcoma patients, availability of tumor characteristics, and longitudinal linkage of Medicare data. A total of 14,650 patients were screened for inclusion. Patients with multiple malignancies, diagnosis at autopsy, or discrepant linkage to the Medicare database were excluded. Overall, 4606 patients were eligible for the study: 598 patients taking metformin and 4008 patients not taking metformin. A hazard of mortality (hazard ratio) was analyzed comparing patients taking metformin with those patient groups not taking metformin and expressed in terms of a 95% confidence interval. Cox regression analysis was used to control for patient-specific, disease-specific, and treatment-specific covariates. Results: Having adjusted for disease-, treatment-, and patient-specific characteristics, patients taking metformin experienced prolonged survival compared with all patients not taking metformin (HR 0.76 [95% CI 0.66 to 0.87]). Associated prolonged survival was also seen when patients taking metformin were compared with those patients not on metformin irrespective of a diabetes diagnosis (HR 0.79 [95% CI 0.66 to 0.94] compared with patients with a diagnosis of diabetes and HR 0.77 [95% CI 0.67 to 0.89] compared with patients who did not have a diagnosis of diabetes). Conclusion: Without suggesting causation, we found that even after controlling for confounding variables such as Charlson comorbidity index, tumor grade, size, stage, and surgical/radiation treatment modalities, there was an association between metformin use and increased survival in patients with soft tissue sarcoma. When considered separately, this association persisted in patients not on metformin with and without a diabetes diagnosis. Although metformin is not normally prescribed to patients who do not have a diabetes diagnosis, these data support further study, and if these findings are substantiated, it might lead to the performance of multicenter, prospective clinical trials about the use of metformin as an adjuvant therapy for the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma in patients with and without a preexisting diabetes diagnosis. Level of evidence: Level III, therapeutic study.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Humans ; Medicare ; Metformin/adverse effects ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; SEER Program ; Sarcoma/pathology ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms/pathology ; United States/epidemiology
Chemical Substances	Metformin (9100L32L2N)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Multicenter Study
ZDB-ID	80301-7
ISSN	1528-1132 ; 0009-921X
ISSN (online)	1528-1132
ISSN	0009-921X
DOI	10.1097/CORR.0000000000002045
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Article ; Online: Anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty with a nonspherical humeral head and inlay glenoid: 90-day complication profile in the inpatient versus outpatient setting.

Posner, Andrew D / Kuna, Michael C / Carroll, Jeremy D / Perloff, Eric M / Anderson, Matthew J / Hutchinson, Ian D / Zimmerman, Joseph P

Clinics in shoulder and elbow

2023 Volume 26, Issue 4, Page(s) 380–389

Abstract: Background: Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) with a nonspherical humeral head component and inlay glenoid is a successful bone-preserving treatment for glenohumeral arthritis. This study aimed to describe the 90-day complication profile of TSA with ... ...

Abstract	Background: Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) with a nonspherical humeral head component and inlay glenoid is a successful bone-preserving treatment for glenohumeral arthritis. This study aimed to describe the 90-day complication profile of TSA with this prosthesis and compare major and minor complication and readmission rates between inpatient- and outpatient-procedure patients. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of a consecutive cohort of patients undergoing TSA with a nonspherical humeral head and inlay glenoid in the inpatient and outpatient settings by a single surgeon between 2017 and 2022. Age, sex, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and 90-day complication and readmission rates were compared between inpatient and outpatient groups. Results: One hundred eighteen TSAs in 111 patients were identified. Mean age was 64.9 years (range, 39-90) and 65% of patients were male. Ninety-four (80%) and 24 (20%) patients underwent outpatient and inpatient procedures, respectively. Four complications (3.4%) were recorded: axillary nerve stretch injury, isolated ipsilateral arm deep venous thrombosis (DVT), ipsilateral arm DVT with pulmonary embolism requiring readmission, and gastrointestinal bleed requiring readmission. There were no reoperations or other complications. Outpatients were younger with lower ASA and CCI scores than inpatients; however, there was no difference in complications (1/24 vs. 3/94, P=1.00) or readmissions (1/24 vs. 1/94, P=0.37) between these two groups. Conclusions: TSA with a nonspherical humeral head and inlay glenoid can be performed safely in both inpatient and outpatient settings. Rates of early complications and readmissions were low with no difference according to surgical setting. Level of evidence: IV.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-01
Publishing country	Korea (South)
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3031244-9
ISSN	2288-8721 ; 2383-8337
ISSN (online)	2288-8721
ISSN	2383-8337
DOI	10.5397/cise.2023.00479
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Article ; Online: How accurate are positive preoperative aspiration culture results in shoulder periprosthetic joint infection? A concordance study.

Hutchinson, Ian D / Mathew, Joshua I / Taylor, Samuel A / Fu, Michael C / Dines, David M / Carli, Alberto V / Mironenko, Christine / Gulotta, Lawrence V

Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery

2023 Volume 32, Issue 6S, Page(s) S17–S22

Abstract: Background: The concordance between preoperative synovial fluid cultures and intraoperative tissue cultures for identifying pathogenic microorganisms in shoulder periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains poorly understood. The purpose of our study ... ...

Abstract	Background: The concordance between preoperative synovial fluid cultures and intraoperative tissue cultures for identifying pathogenic microorganisms in shoulder periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains poorly understood. The purpose of our study was to examine the diagnostic accuracy of positive synovial fluid culture results in early pathogen identification for shoulder PJI. Methods: A total of 35 patients who met the Musculoskeletal Infection Society criteria for PJI following primary anatomic or reverse arthroplasty and the study inclusion criteria were identified retrospectively from a single institution (multiple surgeons) from January 2011 to June 2021. The inclusion criteria required a positive preoperative intra-articular synovial fluid sample within 90 days analyzed within the same institution and intraoperative tissue cultures at the time of arthrotomy. Concordance was determined when the organism(s) identified from the aspirate correlated with the intraoperative specimens. Results: Overall concordance was identified in 28 of 35 patients (80%), with similar concordance for anatomic (21 of 24, 88%) and reverse (7 of 11, 64%) shoulder arthroplasties (P = .171). Culture discordance occurred in 7 of 35 patients (20%): of these, 5 (14%) had no corresponding intraoperative culture growth whereas 2 (6%) had polymicrobial intraoperative cultures. Monomicrobial Cutibacterium acnes PJI cases were the most common (24 of 35, 69%) and had an overall concordance rate of 79%. Of 5 discordant C acnes patients, 2 had polymicrobial intraoperative cultures and 3 had negative intraoperative culture results; all the patients with negative intraoperative culture results had received antibiotics between the time of aspiration and surgery. Considered separately, concordance in patients who had a positive aspirate finding for C acnes and did not receive antibiotics prior to surgery was 19 of 21 (90%), with a sensitivity of 100% (95% confidence interval, 82%-100%) and a corresponding positive predictive value of 0.91 (95% confidence interval, 58%-93%). Conclusion: Preoperative positive aspiration culture results demonstrated favorable sensitivity and specificity when compared with intraoperative tissue cultures in identifying pathogenic microorganisms in shoulder PJI patients. These findings are congruent with literature from hip and knee arthroplasty. Ultimately, confidence in the accuracy of positive preoperative aspiration culture results in shoulder PJI may facilitate the development of early, targeted treatment strategies while directing patient expectations and risk.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Shoulder/surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Prosthesis-Related Infections/diagnosis ; Prosthesis-Related Infections/surgery ; Prosthesis-Related Infections/microbiology ; Shoulder Joint/pathology ; Arthritis, Infectious/diagnosis ; Arthritis, Infectious/surgery ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Synovial Fluid ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1170782-3
ISSN	1532-6500 ; 1058-2746
ISSN (online)	1532-6500
ISSN	1058-2746
DOI	10.1016/j.jse.2023.02.013
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Article ; Online: Surgical management of type II superior labrum anterior posterior (SLAP) lesions: a review of outcomes and prognostic indicators.

Sullivan, Sean / Hutchinson, Ian D / Curry, Emily J / Marinko, Lee / Li, Xinning

The Physician and sportsmedicine

2019 Volume 47, Issue 4, Page(s) 375–386

Abstract: A Type II SLAP (superior labrum anterior posterior) lesion is a tear of the superior glenoid labrum with involvement of the long head of the biceps tendon insertion. In patients that do not improve with conservative treatment, there is a great deal of ... ...

Abstract	A Type II SLAP (superior labrum anterior posterior) lesion is a tear of the superior glenoid labrum with involvement of the long head of the biceps tendon insertion. In patients that do not improve with conservative treatment, there is a great deal of variability in the surgical management of these injuries that includes arthroscopic SLAP repair, arthroscopic SLAP repair with biceps tenodesis, biceps tenodesis alone and biceps tenotomy. Each surgical technique has specific effects on a patient's postoperative course and functional recovery. Rehabilitation strategies may be best formulated on an individual basis with an open line of communication between the operating surgeon and the physical therapist. Despite an increased incidence in treatment, there is currently no consensus on the optimal surgical procedure or treatment algorithm for Type II SLAP injuries. However, in middle-aged or older patients (>35) with Type II SLAP tears, either arthroscopic suprapectoral or mini-open subpectoral biceps tenodesis is recommended due to the higher failure rates observed with arthroscopic SLAP repair in this patient group. Although more patients present with a 'Popeye' sign after biceps tenotomy, long-term functional outcome is similar between biceps tenodesis compared to tenotomy. However, more patients will experience biceps fatigue or cramping after the tenotomy procedure. Biceps tenodesis is preferred in younger, more active patients, while tenotomy is preferred in the middle-aged or older and lower demand patients. The aim of this paper is to provide a brief description of the different surgical techniques employed to address Type II SLAP lesions (arthroscopic repair, biceps tenodesis, and biceps tenotomy) and provide a review of available literature regarding outcomes and prognostic factors associated with each technique.
MeSH term(s)	Arthroscopy/methods ; Humans ; Muscle, Skeletal/injuries ; Muscle, Skeletal/surgery ; Prognosis ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures/methods ; Rupture/surgery ; Shoulder Joint/injuries ; Shoulder Joint/surgery ; Tendon Injuries/diagnosis ; Tendon Injuries/surgery ; Tendons/surgery ; Tenodesis ; Tenotomy
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	753046-8
ISSN	2326-3660 ; 0091-3847
ISSN (online)	2326-3660
ISSN	0091-3847
DOI	10.1080/00913847.2019.1607601
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Article ; Online: Effect of Vancomycin Soaking on Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Biomechanics.

Lamplot, Joseph D / Liu, Joseph N / Hutchinson, Ian D / Chen, Tony / Wang, Hongsheng / Wach, Amanda / Rodeo, Scott A / Warren, Russell F

Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association

2020 Volume 37, Issue 3, Page(s) 953–960

Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the effect of soaking of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) grafts in vancomycin solution on graft biomechanical properties at the time of implantation.: Methods: The central third of patellar tendons was harvested from mature ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To evaluate the effect of soaking of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) grafts in vancomycin solution on graft biomechanical properties at the time of implantation. Methods: The central third of patellar tendons was harvested from mature bovine knees and prepared as a tendon-only graft or a bone-tendon-bone (BTB) graft. Tendons were wrapped in gauze soaked in vancomycin solution (VS) (5 mg/mL) or normal saline (NS) and left to stand for 30 minutes at room temperature, simulating graft exposure times in the operating room during ACL reconstruction. Tensile testing was carried out on a materials testing system with (1) low-magnitude loading (60 N at 3 mm/s) with repeated testing of tendon-only grafts; and (2) high-magnitude loading (600 N at 10 mm/min) of BTB grafts. For tendon-only grafts, specimens were first wrapped in NS-soaked gauze and underwent testing, with repeated testing performed after wrapping in gauze soaked in VS or buffered VS (pH 7.0). For BTB grafts, specimens were randomly assigned to treatment with VS or NS. Results: For tendon-only grafts, there was no difference in Young's modulus (YM) after soaking with VS soaking (baseline, 12.69 MPa; treatment, 16.07 ± 4.44 MPa; P = .99) or buffered VS (baseline, 12.45 ± 4.55 MPa; treatment, 15.56 ± 2.83 MPa; P = .99). For BTB grafts, there were no differences in elongation strain (VS, 46.8% ± 7.0%; NS, 31.5% ± 13.5%, P = .19) or YM (VS, 158.4 ± 15.8 MPa; NS, 158.5 ± 23.3 MPa, P = .99). Conclusions: According to controlled biomechanical tests, vancomycin soaking of patellar tendon grafts does not adversely affect time-zero material properties. Clinical relevance: This study suggests that vancomycin wrapping has no immediate adverse effects on the biomechanical properties of ACL grafts. Randomized controlled trials are warranted to validate the widespread use of vancomycin soaking of tendon grafts for infection prophylaxis during ACL reconstruction.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries/surgery ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cadaver ; Cattle ; Patellar Ligament/transplantation ; Stress, Mechanical ; Vancomycin/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Vancomycin (6Q205EH1VU)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632528-2
ISSN	1526-3231 ; 0749-8063
ISSN (online)	1526-3231
ISSN	0749-8063
DOI	10.1016/j.arthro.2020.10.040
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Article ; Online: The etiology, evaluation, and management of plantar fibromatosis.

Young, Joseph R / Sternbach, Sarah / Willinger, Max / Hutchinson, Ian D / Rosenbaum, Andrew J

Orthopedic research and reviews

2018 Volume 11, Page(s) 1–7

Abstract: Plantar fibromatosis (Ledderhose disease) is a rare, benign, hyperproliferative fibrous tissue disorder resulting in the formation of nodules along the plantar fascia. This condition can be locally aggressive, and often results in pain, functional ... ...

Abstract	Plantar fibromatosis (Ledderhose disease) is a rare, benign, hyperproliferative fibrous tissue disorder resulting in the formation of nodules along the plantar fascia. This condition can be locally aggressive, and often results in pain, functional disability, and decreased quality of life. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, but MRI and ultrasound are useful confirmatory adjuncts. Given the benign nature of this condition, treatment has historically involved symptomatic management. A multitude of conservative treatment strategies supported by varying levels of evidence have been described mostly in small-scale trials. These therapies include steroid injections, verapamil, radiation therapy, extracorporeal shock wave therapy, tamoxifen, and collagenase. When conservative measures fail, surgical removal of fibromas and adjacent plantar fascia is often done, although recurrence is common. This review aims to provide a broad overview of the clinical features of this disease as well as the current treatment strategies being employed in the management of this condition.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-12-17
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2520718-0
ISSN	1179-1462 ; 1179-1462
ISSN (online)	1179-1462
ISSN	1179-1462
DOI	10.2147/ORR.S154289
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Article ; Online: Relationship between glenoid deformity and gait characteristics in a rat model of neonatal brachial plexus injury.

Hennen, Kelsey / Crouch, Dustin L / Hutchinson, Ian D / Li, Zhongyu / Saul, Katherine

Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society

2018 Volume 36, Issue 7, Page(s) 1991–1997

Abstract: Neonatal brachial plexus injury (NBPI) results in substantial postural and functional impairments associated with underlying muscular and osseous deformities. We examined the relationship between glenoid deformity severity and gait in a rat model of NBPI, ...

Abstract	Neonatal brachial plexus injury (NBPI) results in substantial postural and functional impairments associated with underlying muscular and osseous deformities. We examined the relationship between glenoid deformity severity and gait in a rat model of NBPI, an established model for studying the in vivo pathomechanics of NBPI. At 8 weeks post-operatively, we monitored the gait of 24 rat pups who exhibited varying degrees of glenoid deformity following unilateral brachial plexus neurectomy and chemodenervation interventions administered 5 days postnatal. Five basic stride and stance metrics were calculated for the impaired forelimbs over four consecutive gait cycles. Bilateral differences in glenoid version (ΔGA Clinical significance: Our findings link musculoskeletal changes and functional outcomes in an NBPI rat model. Thus, gait analysis is a potentially useful, non-invasive, quantitative way to investigate the effects of injury and deformity on limb function in the NBPI rat model. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1991-1997, 2018.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Birth Injuries/complications ; Birth Injuries/physiopathology ; Brachial Plexus ; Brachial Plexus Neuropathies/complications ; Brachial Plexus Neuropathies/physiopathology ; Contracture/physiopathology ; Gait ; Muscle, Skeletal/pathology ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Regression Analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Scapula/physiopathology ; Shoulder Joint/physiopathology ; X-Ray Microtomography
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	605542-4
ISSN	1554-527X ; 0736-0266
ISSN (online)	1554-527X
ISSN	0736-0266
DOI	10.1002/jor.23836
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