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Article ; Online: Longitudinal associations between different types of screen use and depression and anxiety symptoms in adolescents

Fatima Mougharbel / Jean-Philippe Chaput / Hugues Sampasa-Kanyinga / Ian Colman / Scott T. Leatherdale / Karen A. Patte / Gary S. Goldfield

Frontiers in Public Health, Vol

2023 Volume 11

Abstract: BackgroundEvidence examining the longitudinal associations between different types of screen behaviours and mental health among adolescents is limited. The present study examined the association between five types of screen behaviours and symptoms of ... ...

Abstract	BackgroundEvidence examining the longitudinal associations between different types of screen behaviours and mental health among adolescents is limited. The present study examined the association between five types of screen behaviours and symptoms of anxiety and depression one year later. This study also assessed how changes in screen time were associated with changes in anxiety and depressive symptoms and whether the observed relationships were moderated by sex.MethodsLongitudinal data of 17,174 students in grades 9–12 (53.5% females; mean age: 15.1 ± 0.9 years) attending high schools in Canada from two waves (year 6: 2017/18, year 7: 2018/19) of the COMPASS study were analyzed. Leisure screen time and mental health measures were self-reported. To test if the associations between screen time and anxiety, and depression vary by sex, two-way interactions were examined for sex. Analyses accounted for school clustering, race/ethnicity, sex, age, income, body mass index z-score, and previous year anxiety and depression symptoms.ResultsThere were significant longitudinal associations between time spent on each type of screen and subsequent anxiety and depression symptoms. The strength of the associations varied by type of screen behaviour. Interaction analysis indicated a sex difference for television viewing and anxiety and depression symptoms, and internet surfing and anxiety symptoms. A dose-response relationship was observed between phone talking and anxiety symptoms. Beta estimates indicated that an increase in screen duration was associated with a further increase in anxiety and depression symptoms.ConclusionHigher screen time was longitudinally associated with higher anxiety and depression symptoms at one-year follow-up in adolescents. Time-change associations between screen usage and depressive and anxiety symptoms were observed. Also, associations differed based on sex and screen type, whereby greater increases in screen use predicted greater emotional distress. Findings from this prospective analysis ...
Keywords	screen time ; depression ; anxiety ; adolescents ; public health ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	150
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Heavy social media use and psychological distress among adolescents

Fatima Mougharbel / Jean-Philippe Chaput / Hugues Sampasa-Kanyinga / Hayley A. Hamilton / Ian Colman / Scott T. Leatherdale / Gary S. Goldfield

Frontiers in Public Health, Vol

the moderating role of sex, age, and parental support

2023 Volume 11

Abstract: BackgroundDespite increasing evidence that social media use is associated with adolescents’ mental well-being, little is known about the role of various factors in modifying the effect of this association during adolescence. This study examined the ... ...

Abstract	BackgroundDespite increasing evidence that social media use is associated with adolescents’ mental well-being, little is known about the role of various factors in modifying the effect of this association during adolescence. This study examined the association between social media use and psychological distress among adolescents and explored whether sex, age, and parental support moderate this association.MethodsData came from a representative sample of middle and high school students in Ontario, Canada. Cross-sectional analyses included 6,822 students derived from the 2019 Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey.ResultsOur results showed that 48% of adolescents used social media for 3 h or more per day, and 43.7% had moderate to severe psychological distress, with a higher prevalence among females (54%) than males (31%). After adjustment for relevant covariates, heavy social media use (≥3 h/day) was associated with increased odds of severe psychological distress [odds ratio (OR): 2.01; 95% confidence interval (CI):1.59–2.55]. The association of social media use with psychological distress was modified by age (p < 0.05) but not sex or parental support. The association was stronger among younger adolescents.ConclusionHeavy social media use is associated with higher levels of psychological distress, with younger adolescents being the most vulnerable. Longitudinal studies are recommended for future research to examine in more depth the role of sex, age, and parental support in the association between social media use and psychological distress to better determine the strength and of the association.
Keywords	social media ; psychological distress ; mental health ; adolescents ; screen time ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	150
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The psychometric properties of the 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) in Canadian military personnel.

Hugues Sampasa-Kanyinga / Mark A Zamorski / Ian Colman

PLoS ONE, Vol 13, Iss 4, p e

2018 Volume 0196562

Abstract: The psychometric properties of the ten-item Kessler Psychological Distress scale (K10) have been extensively explored in civilian populations. However, documentation of its psychometric properties in military populations is limited, and there is no ... ...

Abstract	The psychometric properties of the ten-item Kessler Psychological Distress scale (K10) have been extensively explored in civilian populations. However, documentation of its psychometric properties in military populations is limited, and there is no universally accepted cut-off score on the K10 to distinguish clinical vs. sub-clinical levels of distress. The objective of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the K10 in Canadian Armed Forces personnel. Data on 6700 Regular Forces personnel were obtained from the 2013 Canadian Forces Mental Health Survey. The internal consistency and factor structure of the K10 (range, 0-40) were examined using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to select optimal cut-offs for the K10, using the presence/absence of any of four past-month disorders as the outcome (posttraumatic stress disorder, major depressive episode, generalized anxiety disorder, and panic disorder). Cronbach's alpha (0.88) indicated a high level of internal consistency of the K10. Results from CFA indicated that a single-factor 10-item construct had an acceptable overall fit: root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.05; 90% confidence interval (CI):0.05-0.06, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.99, Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) = 0.99, weighted root mean square residual (WRMR) = 2.06. K10 scores were strongly associated with both the presence and recency of all four measured disorders. The area under the ROC curve was 0.92, demonstrating excellent predictive value for past-30-day disorders. A K10 score of 10 or greater was optimal for screening purposes (sensitivity = 86%; specificity = 83%), while a score of 17 or greater (sensitivity = 53%; specificity = 97%) was optimal for prevalence estimation of clinically significant psychological distress, in that it resulted in equal numbers of false positives and false negatives. Our results suggest that K10 scale has satisfactory psychometric properties for use as a measure of non-specific ...
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	150
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Focus on Self-Presentation on Social Media across Sociodemographic Variables, Lifestyles, and Personalities

Gunnhild Johnsen Hjetland / Turi Reiten Finserås / Børge Sivertsen / Ian Colman / Randi Træland Hella / Jens Christoffer Skogen

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 19, Iss 11133, p

A Cross-Sectional Study

2022 Volume 11133

Abstract: Upward social comparison and aspects of self-presentation on social media such as feedback-seeking and strategic self-presentation may represent risk factors for experiencing negative mental health effects of social media use. The aim of this exploratory ...

Abstract	Upward social comparison and aspects of self-presentation on social media such as feedback-seeking and strategic self-presentation may represent risk factors for experiencing negative mental health effects of social media use. The aim of this exploratory study was to assess how adolescents differ in upward social comparison and aspects of self-presentation on social media and whether these differences are linked to sociodemographic variables, lifestyle, or personality. The study was based on cross-sectional data from the “LifeOnSoMe” study performed in Bergen, Norway, including 2023 senior high school pupils (response rate 54%, mean age 17.4, 44% boys). Nine potentially relevant items were assessed using factor analysis, and latent class analysis was used to identify latent classes with distinct patterns of responses across seven retained items. The retained items converged into one factor, called “focus on self-presentation”. We identified three groups of adolescents with a low, intermediate, and high focus on self-presentation. Associations between identified latent classes and covariates were assessed using regression analyses. Being a girl, higher extraversion, lower emotional stability, more frequent alcohol consumption, and having tried tobacco were associated with membership in the high-focus group. These results suggest some characteristics that are associated with a higher focus on self-presentation and that could inform targeted interventions.
Keywords	social media ; adolescent ; self-presentation ; social comparison ; feedback-seeking ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	150
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Air Pollution and Emergency Department Visits for Mental Disorders among Youth

Mieczysław Szyszkowicz / Roger Zemek / Ian Colman / William Gardner / Termeh Kousha / Marc Smith-Doiron

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 17, Iss 4190, p

2020 Volume 4190

Abstract: Although exposure to ambient air pollution has been linked to mental health problems, little is known about its potential effects on youth. This study investigates the association between short-term exposure to air pollutants and emergency department (ED) ...

Abstract	Although exposure to ambient air pollution has been linked to mental health problems, little is known about its potential effects on youth. This study investigates the association between short-term exposure to air pollutants and emergency department (ED) visits for mental health disorders. The National Ambulatory Care Reporting System database was used to retrieve ED visits for young individuals aged 8–24 years in Toronto, Canada. Daily average concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), and daily maximum 8 h ozone (O 3 ) were calculated using measurement data from seven fixed stations. A case-crossover (CC) design was implemented to estimate the associations between ED visits and air pollution concentrations. Mental health ED visits were identified using International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes, with seven categories considered. Models incorporating air pollutants and ambient temperature (with lags of 0–5 days) using a time-stratified CC technique were applied. Multivariable regression was performed by sex, three age groups, and seven types of mental health disorders to calculate relative risk (RR). The RRs were reported for one interquartile range (IQR) change in the air pollutant concentrations. Between April 2004 and December 2015 (4292 days), there were 83,985 ED visits for mental-health related problems in the target population. Several exposures to air pollutants were shown to have associations with ED visits for mental health including same day exposure to fine particulate matter (IQR = 6.03 μg/m 3 , RR = 1.01 (95% confidence interval: 1.00–1.02), RR = 1.02 (1.00–1.03)) for all and female-only patients, respectively. One-day lagged exposure was also associated with ED visits for PM 2.5 (RR = 1.02 (1.01–1.03)), for nitrogen dioxide (IQR = 9.1 ppb, RR = 1.02 (1.00–1.04)), and ozone (IQR = 16.0 ppb, RR = 1.06 (1.01–1.10)) for males. In this study, urban air pollution concentration—mainly fine particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide—is ...
Keywords	ambient air pollution ; AQHI ; concentration ; exposure ; mental health ; paediatric ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Outdoor physical activity, compliance with the physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration recommendations, and excess weight among adolescents

Hugues Sampasa‐Kanyinga / Ian Colman / Hayley A. Hamilton / Jean‐Philippe Chaput

Obesity Science & Practice, Vol 6, Iss 2, Pp 196-

2020 Volume 206

Abstract: Summary Background Spending time outdoor has been identified as an important way to achieve the physical activity required for maintaining and improving health and to lower sedentary time among young children. However, evidence of such relationships in ... ...

Abstract	Summary Background Spending time outdoor has been identified as an important way to achieve the physical activity required for maintaining and improving health and to lower sedentary time among young children. However, evidence of such relationships in adolescents is particularly limited. This study investigated the relationships between frequency of outdoor physical activity after school, compliance with the physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration recommendations, and overweight/obesity among adolescents. Methods A total of 10 028 middle and high school students (mean age of 15.2 y) self‐reported the number of weekdays they spent physically active outdoors after school. Physical activity, screen time, sleep duration, height, and weight were self‐reported. Logistic regression models for the total sample and stratified by sex were adjusted for important covariates. Results Overall, there was a positive gradient between the number of weekdays spent physically active outdoor after school and compliance with the physical activity (more than or equal to 60 min/day at moderate‐to‐vigorous intensity) and screen time (less than or equal to 2 h/day) recommendations while a negative gradient with overweight/obesity was observed. Significant sex differences were observed in the associations of outdoor physical activity after school with adherence to the sleep duration and physical activity recommendations. For example, outdoor physical activity after school on all 5 days was associated with greater odds of compliance with the sleep duration recommendation among males (OR = 1.53; 95% CI, 1.01‐2.31), but not females (OR = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.65‐1.30). Conclusions Results suggest that outdoor physical activity after school could be a behavioural target to increase compliance with the physical activity and screen time recommendations and to possibly tackle excess weight among adolescents.
Keywords	exercise ; movement behaviours ; obesity ; outdoor time ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245
Subject code	796
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Ambient air pollution exposure and emergency department visits for substance abuse.

Mieczysław Szyszkowicz / Errol M Thomson / Ian Colman / Brian H Rowe

PLoS ONE, Vol 13, Iss 6, p e

2018 Volume 0199826

Abstract: There is growing evidence supporting the notion that exposure to air pollution can contribute to cognitive and psychiatric disorders, including depression and suicide. Given the relationship between exposure to acute stressors and substance abuse, the ... ...

Abstract	There is growing evidence supporting the notion that exposure to air pollution can contribute to cognitive and psychiatric disorders, including depression and suicide. Given the relationship between exposure to acute stressors and substance abuse, the present study assessed the association between exposure to ambient air pollution and emergency department (ED) visits for alcohol and drug abuse. ED visit data selected according to International Classification of Disease (ICD-9) coding 303 (alcohol dependence syndromes) and 305 (non-dependent abuse of drugs) were collected in five hospitals in Edmonton, Canada. A time-stratified case crossover design was used. Conditional logistic regression was applied to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Season, temperature, and relative humidity were adjusted for using natural splines. Results are reported for an increase in pollutant concentrations equivalent to one interquartile range (IQR). Statistically significant positive associations with substance abuse were observed for CO, NO2 and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm (PM10) and 2.5 μm (PM2.5). The strongest results were obtained in the cold period (October-March) for 1-day lagged CO (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.05, IQR = 0.4 ppm) and NO2 (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.07, IQR = 12.8 ppb); ORs were also significant for CO and NO2 with lags of 2 to 6 days and 2 to 7 days, respectively. The study suggests that, even at low levels, increases in ambient CO, NO2, and PMs are associated with increased hospital admissions for substance abuse, possibly as a result of impacts of air quality on mental health or depression.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: 24-h Movement Guidelines and Substance Use among Adolescents

Hugues Sampasa-Kanyinga / Ian Colman / Gary S. Goldfield / Ian Janssen / JianLi Wang / Hayley A. Hamilton / Jean-Philippe Chaput

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 3309, p

A School-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2021 Volume 3309

Abstract: Children and youth are recommended to achieve at least 60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, no more than 2 h/day of recreational screen time, and a sleep duration of 9–11 h/night for 11–13-year-olds or 8–10 h/night for 14–17-year-olds. ... ...

Abstract	Children and youth are recommended to achieve at least 60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, no more than 2 h/day of recreational screen time, and a sleep duration of 9–11 h/night for 11–13-year-olds or 8–10 h/night for 14–17-year-olds. Meeting the physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration recommendations have previously been associated with substance use among adolescents. However, previous research has mainly examined these factors individually rather than looking at how these indicators could concurrently relate to substance use in this age group. Therefore, this study examined the associations between meeting the 24-h movement guidelines for screen time, sleep duration, and physical activity (independent variables) with substance use outcomes including alcohol consumption, cannabis use, and cigarette smoking (dependent variables) among adolescents. Self-reported data from a cross-sectional and representative sample of 10,236 students (mean age = 15.1 years) in Ontario, Canada were analyzed. Logistic regression models stratified by gender were adjusted for potential confounders. Combinations of 24-h movement guidelines was differentially associated with substance use in boys and girls. Overall, findings showed that meeting 24-h movement guidelines is associated with lower odds of alcohol consumption, cannabis use, and cigarette smoking differentially with type of recommendation met and gender. Given that the associations between 24-h movement guidelines and substance use differ between boys and girls, future efforts should take this into consideration.
Keywords	screen time ; sleep duration ; physical activity ; alcohol consumption ; cigarette smoking ; cannabis use ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	380
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Air Pollution and Emergency Department Visits for Depression

Mieczyslaw Szyszkowicz / Termeh Kousha / Mila Kingsbury / Ian Colman

Environmental Health Insights, Vol 2016, Iss 10, Pp 155-

A Multicity Case-Crossover Study

2016 Volume 161

Keywords	Environmental sciences ; GE1-350 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	SAGE Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Air Pollution and Emergency Department Visits for Depression

Mieczysław Szyszkowicz / Termeh Kousha / Mila Kingsbury / Ian Colman

Environmental Health Insights, Vol

A Multicity Case-Crossover Study

2016 Volume 10

Abstract: Background The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between ambient air pollution and emergency department (ED) visits for depression. Methods Health data were retrieved from the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System. ED visits for ... ...

Abstract	Background The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between ambient air pollution and emergency department (ED) visits for depression. Methods Health data were retrieved from the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System. ED visits for depression were retrieved from the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), Tenth revision codes; ICD-10: F32 (mild depressive episode) and ICD-10: F33 (recurrent depressive disorder). A case-crossover design was employed for this study. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios. Results For females, exposure to ozone was associated with increased risk of an ED visit for depression between 1 and 7 days after exposure, for males, between 1 and 5, and 8 days after exposure, with odds ratios ranging between 1.02 and 1.03. Conclusions These findings suggest that, as hypothesized, there is a positive association between exposure to air pollution and ED visits for depression.
Keywords	Environmental sciences ; GE1-350 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	SAGE Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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