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  1. Article ; Online: Addendum to Proposal for Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Nomenclature below the Species Level

    Ian G. Barr / Thomas C. Williams / Vahid Salimi / Ursula J. Buchholz

    Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol 28, Iss 3, Pp 764-

    2022  Volume 764

    Keywords respiratory syncytial virus ; HRSV ; Human orthopneumovirus ; human respiratory syncytial virus ; isolates ; nomenclature ; Medicine ; R ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Future Pandemic Influenza Virus Detection Relies on the Existing Influenza Surveillance Systems

    Lance C. Jennings / Ian G. Barr

    Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Vol 4, Iss 4, p

    A Perspective from Australia and New Zealand

    2019  Volume 121

    Abstract: The anniversary of the 1918–1919 influenza pandemic has allowed a refocusing on the global burden of influenza and the importance of co-ordinated international surveillance for both seasonal influenza and the identification of control strategies for ... ...

    Abstract The anniversary of the 1918–1919 influenza pandemic has allowed a refocusing on the global burden of influenza and the importance of co-ordinated international surveillance for both seasonal influenza and the identification of control strategies for future pandemics. Since the introduction of the International Health Regulations (IHR), progress had been slow, until the emergence of the novel influenza A(H1N1)2009 virus and its global spread, which has led to the World Health Organization (WHO) developing a series of guidance documents on global influenza surveillance procedures, severity and risk assessments, and essential measurements for the determination of national pandemic responses. However, the greatest burden of disease from influenza occurs between pandemics during seasonal influenza outbreaks and epidemics. Both Australia and New Zealand utilise seasonal influenza surveillance to support national influenza awareness programs focused on seasonal influenza vaccination education and promotion. These programs also serve to promote the importance of pandemic preparedness.
    Keywords influenza ; surveillance ; seasonal ; pandemic ; preparedness ; Medicine ; R
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Human seasonal influenza under COVID-19 and the potential consequences of influenza lineage elimination

    Vijaykrishna Dhanasekaran / Sheena Sullivan / Kimberly M. Edwards / Ruopeng Xie / Arseniy Khvorov / Sophie A. Valkenburg / Benjamin J. Cowling / Ian G. Barr

    Nature Communications, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2022  Volume 11

    Abstract: COVID-19 control measures have suppressed circulation of other infections including influenza. Here, the authors analyse WHO global influenza sequence and case report data and describe changes in the phylogenetic and geographic distribution of influenza ... ...

    Abstract COVID-19 control measures have suppressed circulation of other infections including influenza. Here, the authors analyse WHO global influenza sequence and case report data and describe changes in the phylogenetic and geographic distribution of influenza lineages during the COVID-19 pandemic.
    Keywords Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: A Prospective Study Investigating the Impact of Obesity on the Immune Response to the Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine in Children and Adolescents

    Michelle Clarke / Suja M. Mathew / Lynne C. Giles / Alexia S. Pena / Ian G. Barr / Peter C. Richmond / Helen S. Marshall

    Vaccines, Vol 10, Iss 699, p

    2022  Volume 699

    Abstract: Obesity can increase the severity of influenza infection. Data are limited regarding immune responses to influenza vaccination in obese children. We aimed to investigate the impact of obesity on quadrivalent influenza vaccine responses in children. ... ...

    Abstract Obesity can increase the severity of influenza infection. Data are limited regarding immune responses to influenza vaccination in obese children. We aimed to investigate the impact of obesity on quadrivalent influenza vaccine responses in children. Children with obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 95th percentile for age and gender) and children without obesity (BMI < 95th percentile) were enrolled in the study. Blood samples were collected before, 1, and 6 months after influenza vaccination, to measure antibody responses by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. Vaccine immunogenicity outcomes were compared between children with and without obesity. Forty-four children (mean age 13.3 ± 2.1 years, 18 males and 14 with obesity) completed the 6-month study. More than 90% of the participants with and without obesity had seroprotective antibody titres (HI ≥ 40) at both 1 and 6 months following vaccination for each of the four influenza strains (A/H3N2, A/H1N1, B/(Victoria) and B/(Yamagata)). Influenza-specific geometric mean titres at baseline, 1, and 6 months post-vaccination were similar between children with and without obesity for all influenza vaccine strains. Children with and without obesity have robust, sustained antibody responses over 6 months to the quadrivalent influenza vaccine.
    Keywords influenza ; vaccination ; obesity ; children ; adolescents ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 796
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Global Pandemic Preparedness

    Steven Rockman / Beverly Taylor / John W. McCauley / Ian G. Barr / Ray Longstaff / Ranbir Bahra

    Vaccines, Vol 10, Iss 4, p

    Optimizing Our Capabilities and the Influenza Experience

    2022  Volume 589

    Abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has prompted rapid investigation and deployment of vaccine platforms never before used to combat human disease. The severe impact on the health system and the high economic cost of non-pharmaceutical ... ...

    Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has prompted rapid investigation and deployment of vaccine platforms never before used to combat human disease. The severe impact on the health system and the high economic cost of non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as lockdowns and international border closures employed to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 prior to the arrival of effective vaccines, have led to calls for development and deployment of novel vaccine technologies as part of a “100-day response ambition” for the next pandemic. Prior to COVID-19, all of the pandemics (excluding HIV) in the past century have been due to influenza viruses, and influenza remains one of the most likely future pandemic threats along with new coronaviruses. New and emerging vaccine platforms are likely to play an important role in combatting the next pandemic. However, the existing well-established, proven platforms for seasonal and pandemic influenza manufacturing will also continue to be utilized to rapidly address the next influenza threat. The field of influenza vaccine manufacturing has a long history of successes, including approval of vaccines within approximately 100 days after WHO declaration of the A(H1N1) 2009 influenza pandemic. Moreover, many advances in vaccine science and manufacturing capabilities have been made in the past decade to optimize a rapid and timely response should a new influenza pandemic threat emerge.
    Keywords influenza ; pandemic ; vaccines ; vaccine manufacturing ; Medicine ; R
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: New Technologies for Influenza Vaccines

    Steven Rockman / Karen L. Laurie / Simone Parkes / Adam Wheatley / Ian G. Barr

    Microorganisms, Vol 8, Iss 1745, p

    2020  Volume 1745

    Abstract: Vaccine development has been hampered by the long lead times and the high cost required to reach the market. The 2020 pandemic, caused by a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that was first reported in late 2019, has seen unprecedented rapid activity to ... ...

    Abstract Vaccine development has been hampered by the long lead times and the high cost required to reach the market. The 2020 pandemic, caused by a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that was first reported in late 2019, has seen unprecedented rapid activity to generate a vaccine, which belies the traditional vaccine development cycle. Critically, much of this progress has been leveraged off existing technologies, many of which had their beginnings in influenza vaccine development. This commentary outlines the most promising of the next generation of non-egg-based influenza vaccines including new manufacturing platforms, structure-based antigen design/computational biology, protein-based vaccines including recombinant technologies, nanoparticles, gene- and vector-based technologies, as well as an update on activities around a universal influenza vaccine.
    Keywords influenza ; vaccine ; universal vaccine ; cell-culture ; egg-based influenza vaccines ; cell-based influenza vaccines ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 303
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Influenza virus detection

    Raynal C Squires / Patrick C Reading / Sheena G Sullivan / Ian G Barr / Frank Konings

    Western Pacific Surveillance and Response, Vol 9, Iss 5, Pp 68-

    driving change in public health laboratories in the Western Pacific Region

    2019  Volume 70

    Abstract: As we observe the 100th anniversary of the 1918 influenza pandemic, we are reminded of the importance of preparedness for and adequate response to influenza, and the critical role of influenza surveillance through laboratory detection. Influenza virus ... ...

    Abstract As we observe the 100th anniversary of the 1918 influenza pandemic, we are reminded of the importance of preparedness for and adequate response to influenza, and the critical role of influenza surveillance through laboratory detection. Influenza virus detection has helped drive the development of diagnostic and virology laboratories in the World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region over the last 10–15 years, at the same time strengthening their capacity to detect and respond to infectious threats beyond influenza. Such cross-cutting approaches are advocated under the Asia Pacific Strategy for Emerging Diseases and Public Health Emergencies (APSED III),1 which continues to guide Member States in advancing implementation of the International Health Regulations, 20052 and has a dedicated focus on strengthening laboratory capacities.
    Keywords influenza ; laboratory ; gisrs ; network ; surveillance ; detection ; strengthening ; Medicine ; R ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: The impact of climate and antigenic evolution on seasonal influenza virus epidemics in Australia

    Edward K. S. Lam / Dylan H. Morris / Aeron C. Hurt / Ian G. Barr / Colin A. Russell

    Nature Communications, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2020  Volume 12

    Abstract: Seasonal influenza epidemics vary in timing and size, but the causes of the variation remain unclear. Here, the authors analyse a 15-year city-level data set, and find that fluctuations in climatic factors do not predict onset timing, and that while ... ...

    Abstract Seasonal influenza epidemics vary in timing and size, but the causes of the variation remain unclear. Here, the authors analyse a 15-year city-level data set, and find that fluctuations in climatic factors do not predict onset timing, and that while antigenic change does not have a consistent effect on epidemic size, the timing of onset and heterosubtypic competition do.
    Keywords Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: The impact of climate and antigenic evolution on seasonal influenza virus epidemics in Australia

    Edward K. S. Lam / Dylan H. Morris / Aeron C. Hurt / Ian G. Barr / Colin A. Russell

    Nature Communications, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2020  Volume 12

    Abstract: Seasonal influenza epidemics vary in timing and size, but the causes of the variation remain unclear. Here, the authors analyse a 15-year city-level data set, and find that fluctuations in climatic factors do not predict onset timing, and that while ... ...

    Abstract Seasonal influenza epidemics vary in timing and size, but the causes of the variation remain unclear. Here, the authors analyse a 15-year city-level data set, and find that fluctuations in climatic factors do not predict onset timing, and that while antigenic change does not have a consistent effect on epidemic size, the timing of onset and heterosubtypic competition do.
    Keywords Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Understanding the treatment benefit of hyperimmune anti-influenza intravenous immunoglobulin (Flu-IVIG) for severe human influenza

    Hillary A. Vanderven / Deborah N. Wentworth / Win Min Han / Heidi Peck / Ian G. Barr / Richard T. Davey Jr. / John H. Beigel / Dominic E. Dwyer / Mamta K. Jain / Brian Angus / Christian T. Brandt / Analia Mykietiuk / Matthew G. Law / James D. Neaton / Stephen J. Kent / for the INSIGHT FLU-IVIG Study Group

    JCI Insight, Vol 8, Iss

    2023  Volume 14

    Abstract: BACKGROUND Antibody-based therapies for respiratory viruses are of increasing importance. The INSIGHT 006 trial administered anti-influenza hyperimmune intravenous immunoglobulin (Flu-IVIG) to patients hospitalized with influenza. Flu-IVIG treatment ... ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND Antibody-based therapies for respiratory viruses are of increasing importance. The INSIGHT 006 trial administered anti-influenza hyperimmune intravenous immunoglobulin (Flu-IVIG) to patients hospitalized with influenza. Flu-IVIG treatment improved outcomes in patients with influenza B but showed no benefit for influenza A.METHODS To probe potential mechanisms of Flu-IVIG utility, sera collected from patients hospitalized with influenza A or B viruses (IAV or IBV) were analyzed for antibody isotype/subclass and Fcγ receptor (FcγR) binding by ELISA, bead-based multiplex, and NK cell activation assays.RESULTS Influenza-specific FcγR-binding antibodies were elevated in Flu-IVIG–infused IBV- and IAV-infected patients. In IBV-infected participants (n = 62), increased IgG3 and FcγR binding were associated with more favorable outcomes. Flu-IVIG therapy also improved the odds of a more favorable outcome in patients with low levels of anti-IBV Fc-functional antibody. Higher FcγR-binding antibody was associated with less favorable outcomes in IAV-infected patients (n = 50), and Flu-IVIG worsened the odds of a favorable outcome in participants with low levels of anti-IAV Fc-functional antibody.CONCLUSION These detailed serological analyses provide insights into antibody features and mechanisms required for a successful humoral response against influenza, suggesting that IBV-specific, but not IAV-specific, antibodies with Fc-mediated functions may assist in improving influenza outcome. This work will inform development of improved influenza immunotherapies.TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02287467.FUNDING Funding for this research was provided by subcontract 13XS134 under Leidos Biomedical Research Prime Contract HHSN261200800001E and HHSN261201500003I, NCI/NIAID.
    Keywords Immunology ; Infectious disease ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher American Society for Clinical investigation
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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