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  1. Article: Endemic Human Coronavirus-Specific Nasal Immunoglobulin A and Serum Immunoglobulin G Dynamics in Lower Respiratory Tract Infections.

    Sechan, Ferdyansyah / Loens, Katherine / Goossens, Herman / Ieven, Margareta / van der Hoek, Lia

    Vaccines

    2024  Volume 12, Issue 1

    Abstract: Endemic human coronaviruses (HCoV) NL63, 229E, OC43, and HKU1 cause respiratory infection. Following infection, a virus-specific serum antibody rise is usually observed, coinciding with recovery. In some cases, an infection is not accompanied by an ... ...

    Abstract Endemic human coronaviruses (HCoV) NL63, 229E, OC43, and HKU1 cause respiratory infection. Following infection, a virus-specific serum antibody rise is usually observed, coinciding with recovery. In some cases, an infection is not accompanied by an immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody rise in serum in the first month after HCoV infection, even though the infection has cleared in that month and the patient has recovered. We investigated the possible role of nasal immunoglobulin A (IgA). We measured spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N)-specific nasal IgA during and after an HCoV lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and compared the IgA responses between subjects with and without a significant IgG rise in serum (IgG responders (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-17
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2703319-3
    ISSN 2076-393X
    ISSN 2076-393X
    DOI 10.3390/vaccines12010090
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Human coronavirus HKU1 recognition of the TMPRSS2 host receptor.

    McCallum, Matthew / Park, Young-Jun / Stewart, Cameron / Sprouse, Kaitlin R / Brown, Jack / Tortorici, M Alejandra / Gibson, Cecily / Wong, Emily / Ieven, Margareta / Telenti, Amalio / Veesler, David

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2024  

    Abstract: The human coronavirus HKU1 spike (S) glycoprotein engages host cell surface sialoglycans and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) to initiate infection. The molecular basis of HKU1 binding to TMPRSS2 and determinants of host receptor tropism remain ... ...

    Abstract The human coronavirus HKU1 spike (S) glycoprotein engages host cell surface sialoglycans and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) to initiate infection. The molecular basis of HKU1 binding to TMPRSS2 and determinants of host receptor tropism remain elusive. Here, we designed an active human TMPRSS2 construct enabling high-yield recombinant production in human cells of this key therapeutic target. We determined a cryo-electron microscopy structure of the HKU1 RBD bound to human TMPRSS2 providing a blueprint of the interactions supporting viral entry and explaining the specificity for TMPRSS2 among human type 2 transmembrane serine proteases. We found that human, rat, hamster and camel TMPRSS2 promote HKU1 S-mediated entry into cells and identified key residues governing host receptor usage. Our data show that serum antibodies targeting the HKU1 RBD TMPRSS2 binding-site are key for neutralization and that HKU1 uses conformational masking and glycan shielding to balance immune evasion and receptor engagement.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2024.01.09.574565
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Mycoplasma pneumoniae: Current Knowledge on Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques and Serological Diagnostics.

    Loens, Katherine / Ieven, Margareta

    Frontiers in microbiology

    2016  Volume 7, Page(s) 448

    Abstract: Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) belongs to the class Mollicutes and has been recognized as a common cause of respiratory tract infections (RTIs), including community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), that occur worldwide and in all age groups. In addition, ...

    Abstract Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) belongs to the class Mollicutes and has been recognized as a common cause of respiratory tract infections (RTIs), including community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), that occur worldwide and in all age groups. In addition, M. pneumoniae can simultaneously or sequentially lead to damage in the nervous system and has been associated with a wide variety of other acute and chronic diseases. During the past 10 years, the proportion of LRTI in children and adults, associated with M. pneumoniae infection has ranged from 0 to more than 50%. This variation is due to the age and the geographic location of the population examined but also due to the diagnostic methods used. The true role of M. pneumoniae in RTIs remains a challenge given the many limitations and lack of standardization of the applied diagnostic tool in most cases, with resultant wide variations in data from different studies. Correct and rapid diagnosis and/or management of M. pneumoniae infections is, however, critical to initiate appropriate antibiotic treatment and is nowadays usually done by PCR and/or serology. Several recent reviews, have summarized current methods for the detection and identification of M. pneumoniae. This review will therefore provide a look at the general principles, advantages, diagnostic value, and limitations of the most currently used detection techniques for the etiological diagnosis of a M. pneumoniae infection as they evolve from research to daily practice.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-03-31
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2587354-4
    ISSN 1664-302X
    ISSN 1664-302X
    DOI 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00448
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Performance of the FREND™ COVID-19 IgG/IgM Duo point-of-care test for SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection.

    De Munck, Dorien G / Peeters, Bart / Huyghe, Evelyne / Goossens, Herman / Ieven, Margareta / Matheeussen, Veerle

    Acta clinica Belgica

    2021  Volume 77, Issue 3, Page(s) 647–652

    Abstract: Purpose: In the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic, multiple serological assays for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immune response are currently being developed. This study compares the FREND: Methods: Serum ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: In the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic, multiple serological assays for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immune response are currently being developed. This study compares the FREND
    Methods: Serum samples (
    Results: The sensitivity of the COVID-19 IgG/IgM Duo assay was higher as compared to the Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay, especially when using the combined IgM/IgG result in samples analyzed within 6 days after the onset of symptoms (46.2% vs. 15.4%). The sensitivity of both assays increased with increasing time interval after the onset of symptoms and reached 100% for the COVID-19 IgG/IgM Duo assay in samples taken 14 days or more after symptom onset. Specificity of the COVID-19 IgG/IgM Duo assay was 95.8% for IgM, 91.7% for IgG and 87.5% for the combination of both.
    Conclusion: This study shows that the sensitivity of both assays was highly dependent on the time interval between the onset of the COVID-19 symptoms and serum sampling. Furthermore, rapid serological testing for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies by means of the FREND
    MeSH term(s) Antibodies, Viral ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; Humans ; Immunoassay ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Pandemics ; Point-of-Care Testing ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Sensitivity and Specificity
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Viral ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 390201-8
    ISSN 2295-3337 ; 0001-5512 ; 1784-3286
    ISSN (online) 2295-3337
    ISSN 0001-5512 ; 1784-3286
    DOI 10.1080/17843286.2021.1940776
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Currently used nucleic acid amplification tests for the detection of viruses and atypicals in acute respiratory infections.

    Ieven, Margareta

    Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology

    2007  Volume 40, Issue 4, Page(s) 259–276

    Abstract: For the detection of respiratory viruses conventional culture techniques are still considered as the gold standard. However, results are mostly available too late to have an impact on patient management. The latest developments include appropriate DNA- ... ...

    Abstract For the detection of respiratory viruses conventional culture techniques are still considered as the gold standard. However, results are mostly available too late to have an impact on patient management. The latest developments include appropriate DNA- and RNA-based amplification techniques (both NASBA and PCR) for the detection of an extended number of agents responsible for LRTI. Real time amplification, the latest technical progress, produces, within a considerable shorter time, results with a lower risk of false positives. As results can be obtained within the same day, patient management with appropriate therapy or reduction of unnecessary antibiotic therapy in LRTI will be possible. A number of technical aspects of these amplification assays, and their advantages are discussed. The availability and use of these new diagnostic tools in virology has contributed to a better understanding of the role of respiratory viruses in LRTI. The increasing importance of the viral agents, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumoniae in ARI is illustrated. A great proportion of ARI are caused by viruses, but their relative importance depends on the spectrum of agents covered by the diagnostic techniques and on the populations studied, the geographical location and the season. The discovery of new viruses is ongoing; examples are the hMPV and the increasing number of coronaviruses. Indications for the use of these rapid techniques in different clinical situations are discussed. Depending on the possibilities, the laboratory could optimize its diagnostic strategy by applying a combination of immunofluorescence for the detection of RSV an IFL, and a combination of real-time amplification tests for other respiratory viruses and the atypical agents. When implementing a strategy, a compromise between sensitivity, clinical utility, turn around time and cost will have to be found.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods ; Respiratory Tract Infections/microbiology ; Respiratory Tract Infections/virology
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-10-31
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1446080-4
    ISSN 1873-5967 ; 1386-6532
    ISSN (online) 1873-5967
    ISSN 1386-6532
    DOI 10.1016/j.jcv.2007.08.012
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Point-of-Care Tests for Hepatitis B Are Associated with A Higher Linkage to Care and Lower Cost Compared to Venepuncture Sampling During Outreach Screenings in an Asian Migrant Population.

    Ho, Erwin / Michielsen, Peter / Van Damme, Pierre / Ieven, Margareta / Veldhuijzen, Irene / Vanwolleghem, Thomas

    Annals of global health

    2020  Volume 86, Issue 1, Page(s) 81

    Abstract: Background: This study compares venepuncture versus point-of-care (POC) HBsAg tests on screening cost and linkage to care in prospective outreach screenings in an Asian population in three major cities in Belgium between 10/2014 and 5/2018.: Methods: ...

    Abstract Background: This study compares venepuncture versus point-of-care (POC) HBsAg tests on screening cost and linkage to care in prospective outreach screenings in an Asian population in three major cities in Belgium between 10/2014 and 5/2018.
    Methods: Two community outreach screening programs were organised between 10/2014 and 5/2018. The first screening program used venepuncture and serologic testing for HBsAg. In the second program, HBsAg was tested in finger stick blood POC tests. Positive results were confirmed during outpatient visits with serologic testing. Linkage to care was defined as having received specialist care follow-up with at least one abdominal ultrasound within three months of screening.
    Results: For 575 participating individuals, 571 valid results were obtained, 456 with venepuncture, and 115 using POC testing. Overall HBsAg seroprevalence was 6.8%. Linkage to care was higher when using POC testing compared to venepuncture (86% or n = 6/7 versus 34% or n = 11/32; p = 0.020). The POC screening program was economically more attractive with a total cost of € 1,461.8 or € 12.7 per person screened compared to € 24,819 or € 54.0 per person screened when using venepuncture testing. Results and an appointment for specialist care follow-up were given onsite with POC testing, while with venepuncture testing; results were sent within 20-45 days.
    Conclusion: In an Asian migrant population in Belgium with an HBsAg seroprevalence of 6.8%, HBV screening based on POC tests resulted in lower costs per person screened (76.5% lower), and higher linkage to care (2.5 times).
    MeSH term(s) Belgium/epidemiology ; China/ethnology ; Continuity of Patient Care/statistics & numerical data ; Emigrants and Immigrants/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Health Care Costs ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/blood ; Hepatitis B, Chronic/blood ; Hepatitis B, Chronic/diagnosis ; Hepatitis B, Chronic/epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening/economics ; Mass Screening/methods ; Middle Aged ; Point-of-Care Testing/economics ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Serologic Tests/economics ; Serologic Tests/methods
    Chemical Substances Hepatitis B Surface Antigens
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2821756-1
    ISSN 2214-9996 ; 2214-9996
    ISSN (online) 2214-9996
    ISSN 2214-9996
    DOI 10.5334/aogh.2848
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Preparedness of European diagnostic microbiology labs for detection of SARS-CoV-2, March 2020.

    Matheeussen, Veerle / Loens, Katherine / Lammens, Christine / Vilken, Tuba / Koopmans, Marion / Goossens, Herman / Ieven, Margareta

    Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology

    2020  Volume 128, Page(s) 104432

    Abstract: Background: To track the European spread of SARS-CoV-2, decentralized testing became necessary and test capacity needed to be expanded outside reference laboratories rapidly.: Methods: We assessed via an online questionnaire the preparedness of ... ...

    Abstract Background: To track the European spread of SARS-CoV-2, decentralized testing became necessary and test capacity needed to be expanded outside reference laboratories rapidly.
    Methods: We assessed via an online questionnaire the preparedness of European hospital laboratories for detection of SARS-CoV-2 and listed the main drawbacks for implementation.
    Results: Forty-five percent of the surveyed labs had a test in place by March 26th which is well into the first wave of the pandemic in most countries.
    Conclusions: The main implementation barriers for introduction of a SARSCoV-2 molecular assay in European diagnostic laboratories were availability of positive controls and a specificity panel.
    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Testing ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods ; Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Europe ; Humans ; Laboratories, Hospital ; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-15
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1446080-4
    ISSN 1873-5967 ; 1386-6532
    ISSN (online) 1873-5967
    ISSN 1386-6532
    DOI 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104432
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Clinical diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection: An observational study of respiratory tract infection in primary care in the early phase of the pandemic.

    van der Velden, Alike W / Shanyinde, Milensu / Bongard, Emily / Böhmer, Femke / Chlabicz, Slawomir / Colliers, Annelies / García-Sangenís, Ana / Malania, Lile / Pauer, Jozsef / Tomacinschii, Angela / Yu, Ly-Mee / Loens, Katherine / Ieven, Margareta / Verheij, Theo J / Goossens, Herman / Vellinga, Akke / Butler, Christopher C

    The European journal of general practice

    2023  Volume 29, Issue 1, Page(s) 2270707

    Abstract: Background: Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, GPs had to distinguish SARS-CoV-2 from other aetiologies in patients presenting with respiratory tract infection (RTI) symptoms on clinical grounds and adapt management accordingly.: Objectives: To test the ...

    Abstract Background: Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, GPs had to distinguish SARS-CoV-2 from other aetiologies in patients presenting with respiratory tract infection (RTI) symptoms on clinical grounds and adapt management accordingly.
    Objectives: To test the diagnostic accuracy of GPs' clinical diagnosis of a SARS-CoV-2 infection in a period when COVID-19 was a new disease. To describe GPs' management of patients presenting with RTI for whom no confirmed diagnosis was available. To investigate associations between patient and clinical features with a SARS-CoV-2 infection.
    Methods: In April 2020-March 2021, 876 patients (9 countries) were recruited when they contacted their GP with symptoms of an RTI of unknown aetiology. A swab was taken at baseline for later analysis. Aetiology (PCR), diagnostic accuracy of GPs' clinical SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, and patient management were explored. Factors related to SARS-CoV-2 infection were determined by logistic regression modelling.
    Results: GPs suspected SARS-CoV-2 in 53% of patients whereas 27% of patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. True-positive patients (23%) were more intensively managed for follow-up, antiviral prescribing and advice than true-negatives (42%). False negatives (5%) were under-advised, particularly for social distancing and isolation. Older age (OR: 1.02 (1.01-1.03)), male sex (OR: 1.68 (1.16-2.41)), loss of taste/smell (OR: 5.8 (3.7-9)), fever (OR: 1.9 (1.3-2.8)), muscle aches (OR: 2.1 (1.5-3)), and a known risk factor for COVID-19 (travel, health care worker, contact with proven case; OR: 2.7 (1.8-4)) were predictive of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Absence of loss of taste/smell, fever, muscle aches and a known risk factor for COVID-19 correctly excluded SARS-CoV-2 in 92.3% of patients, whereas presence of 3, or 4 of these variables correctly classified SARS-CoV-2 in 57.7% and 87.1%.
    Conclusion: Correct clinical diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, without POC-testing available, appeared to be complicated.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Male ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; COVID-19 Testing ; Ageusia ; Primary Health Care ; Pain
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Observational Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1281338-2
    ISSN 1751-1402 ; 1381-4788
    ISSN (online) 1751-1402
    ISSN 1381-4788
    DOI 10.1080/13814788.2023.2270707
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Atypical Antibody Dynamics During Human Coronavirus HKU1 Infections.

    Sechan, Ferdyansyah / Grobben, Marloes / Edridge, Arthur W D / Jebbink, Maarten F / Loens, Katherine / Ieven, Margareta / Goossens, Herman / van Hemert-Glaubitz, Susan / van Gils, Marit J / van der Hoek, Lia

    Frontiers in microbiology

    2022  Volume 13, Page(s) 853410

    Abstract: Human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1) is one of the four endemic coronaviruses. It has been suggested that there is a difference in incidence, with PCR-confirmed HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-OC43 infections occurring more commonly, whereas HCoV-HKU1 is the least seen. ...

    Abstract Human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1) is one of the four endemic coronaviruses. It has been suggested that there is a difference in incidence, with PCR-confirmed HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-OC43 infections occurring more commonly, whereas HCoV-HKU1 is the least seen. Lower incidence of HCoV-HKU1 infection has also been observed in serological studies. The current study aimed to investigate antibody dynamics during PCR-confirmed HCoV-HKU1 infections using serum collected during infection and 1 month later. We expressed a new HCoV-HKU1 antigen consisting of both the linker and carboxy-terminal domain of the viral nucleocapsid protein and implemented it in ELISA. We also applied a spike-based Luminex assay on serum samples from PCR-confirmed infections by the four endemic HCoVs. At least half of HCoV-HKU1-infected subjects consistently showed no antibody rise
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-27
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2587354-4
    ISSN 1664-302X
    ISSN 1664-302X
    DOI 10.3389/fmicb.2022.853410
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  10. Article ; Online: The impact of variant and vaccination on SARS-CoV-2 symptomatology; three prospective household cohorts.

    Westerhof, Ilse / de Hoog, Marieke / Ieven, Margareta / Lammens, Christine / van Beek, Janko / Rozhnova, Ganna / Eggink, Dirk / Euser, Sjoerd / Wildenbeest, Joanne / Duijts, Liesbeth / van Houten, Marlies / Goossens, Herman / Giaquinto, Carlo / Bruijning-Verhagen, Patricia

    International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases

    2022  Volume 128, Page(s) 140–147

    Abstract: Objectives: We compared age-stratified SARS-CoV-2 symptomatology of wild-type/Alpha vs Omicron BA.1/BA.2 variant infected individuals and the impact of COVID-19 booster vaccination on Omicron symptom burden.: Methods: Data from three European ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: We compared age-stratified SARS-CoV-2 symptomatology of wild-type/Alpha vs Omicron BA.1/BA.2 variant infected individuals and the impact of COVID-19 booster vaccination on Omicron symptom burden.
    Methods: Data from three European prospective household cohorts were used (April 2020 to April 2021 and January to March 2022). Standardized outbreak protocols included (repeated) polymerase chain reaction testing, paired serology, and daily symptom scoring for all household members. Comparative analyses were performed on 346 secondary household cases from both periods.
    Results: Children <12 years (all unvaccinated) experienced more symptoms and higher severity scores during Omicron compared with wild-type/Alpha period (P ≤0.01). In adults, Omicron disease duration and severity were reduced (P ≤ 0.095). Omicron was associated with lower odds for loss of smell or taste (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.14; 95% CI 0.03-0.50) and higher but non-significant odds for upper respiratory symptoms, fever, and fatigue (aORs: 1.85-2.23). No differences were observed in disease severity or duration between primary vs booster series vaccinated adults (P ≥0.12).
    Conclusion: The Omicron variant causes higher symptom burden in children compared with wild-type/Alpha and lower in adults, possibly due to previous vaccination. A shift in symptoms occurred with reduction in loss of smell/taste for Omicron. No additional effect of booster vaccination on Omicron symptom burden was observed.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Child ; Humans ; Anosmia ; COVID-19 ; Prospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccination
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-23
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1331197-9
    ISSN 1878-3511 ; 1201-9712
    ISSN (online) 1878-3511
    ISSN 1201-9712
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.12.018
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