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Article ; Online: Long Island University College of Veterinary Medicine: an integrated curriculum prepares practice-ready veterinarians through experiential learning.

Fuentealba, Carmen / Illanes, Oscar / Roberson, Jerry / Sithole, Fortune

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association

2023 Volume 261, Issue 3, Page(s) 416

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Problem-Based Learning ; Veterinarians ; Universities ; Curriculum ; Clinical Competence ; Education, Veterinary ; Veterinary Medicine ; Schools, Veterinary
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390811-2
ISSN	1943-569X ; 0003-1488
ISSN (online)	1943-569X
ISSN	0003-1488
DOI	10.2460/javma.23.01.0022
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Article ; Online: Immunogenicity and efficacy of an oral live-attenuated vaccine for bovine Johne's disease.

Eshraghisamani, Razieh / Facciuolo, Antonio / Harman-McKenna, Victoria / Illanes, Oscar / De Buck, Jeroen

Frontiers in immunology

2024 Volume 14, Page(s) 1307621

Abstract: Mycobacterium ... ...

Abstract	Mycobacterium avium
MeSH term(s)	Cattle ; Animals ; Paratuberculosis ; Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis ; Vaccines, Attenuated ; Cattle Diseases ; Vaccination
Chemical Substances	Vaccines, Attenuated
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2606827-8
ISSN	1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
ISSN	1664-3224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2023.1307621
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Article ; Online: Histology, prevalence, and environmental sources for pulmonary silicates depositions in domestic and wild animals

Walker, Randall T. / Illanes, Oscar / Conan, Anne / Williams, Bruce H. / Hilchie, David / Bolfa, Pompei

Veterinary Pathology. 2023 Mar., v. 60, no. 2 p.245-257

2023

Abstract: The source and significance of pulmonary silicate crystals in animals and people are poorly understood. To estimate the prevalence and characterize the pulmonary crystalline material in animals from St. Kitts, tissue samples from dogs, horses, cattle, ... ...

Abstract	The source and significance of pulmonary silicate crystals in animals and people are poorly understood. To estimate the prevalence and characterize the pulmonary crystalline material in animals from St. Kitts, tissue samples from dogs, horses, cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, chickens, mongooses, and monkeys were examined by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (SEM/EDXA), and x-ray diffraction. Crystalline material was seen in 201 of 259 (77.6%) lung samples as perivascular and interstitial accumulations of heterogeneous crystalline particulate material, free or within macrophages (silicate-laden macrophages [SLMs]), mostly lacking evidence of chronic inflammation or fibrosis. The crystalline material was birefringent, basophilic on acid-fast, and composed of silicas on SEM/EDXA. Mongooses (100%) and monkeys (98%) had the highest prevalence of SLM, followed by cattle and chickens. Lesions were graded on a 3-point scale based on the histologic location and extent of silicates and SLM and were significantly more severe in mongooses (median = 3) than in monkeys (median = 2), dogs (median = 2), and chickens (median = 1). On EDXA, the crystalline material from lungs, air, and topsoil was composed of silicon, oxygen, aluminum, and iron, with a particulate matter size between 2.5 and 10 µm. We hypothesize Saharan dust, volcanic ash, topsoil, and rock quarry dust are potential sources of siliceous dust inhalation and SLM accumulations lacking chronic inflammation (silicosis); dust generation may be potentiated by road vehicle or wind suspension. Future investigations are warranted on the role of silicate inhalation and respiratory comorbidities in people, with monkeys, mongooses, or chickens serving as possible sentinels for exposure.
Keywords	X-ray diffraction ; air ; aluminum ; animal pathology ; breathing ; cattle ; dust ; electron microscopy ; energy-dispersive X-ray analysis ; fibrosis ; histology ; inflammation ; iron ; light microscopy ; lungs ; macrophages ; oxygen ; particulates ; quarries ; sheep ; silicates ; silicon ; topsoil ; volcanic ash ; wind ; Saint Kitts ; albite ; environmental exposure ; lung ; mongoose ; monkeys ; non-fibrotic pneumoconiosis ; pulmonary macrophages ; silicosis
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-03
Size	p. 245-257.
Publishing place	SAGE Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	188012-3
ISSN	1544-2217 ; 0300-9858
ISSN (online)	1544-2217
ISSN	0300-9858
DOI	10.1177/03009858221146095
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Histology, prevalence, and environmental sources for pulmonary silicates depositions in domestic and wild animals.

Walker, Randall T / Illanes, Oscar / Conan, Anne / Williams, Bruce H / Hilchie, David / Bolfa, Pompei

Veterinary pathology

2023 Volume 60, Issue 2, Page(s) 245–257

Abstract	The source and significance of pulmonary silicate crystals in animals and people are poorly understood. To estimate the prevalence and characterize the pulmonary crystalline material in animals from St. Kitts, tissue samples from dogs, horses, cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, chickens, mongooses, and monkeys were examined by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (SEM/EDXA), and x-ray diffraction. Crystalline material was seen in 201 of 259 (77.6%) lung samples as perivascular and interstitial accumulations of heterogeneous crystalline particulate material, free or within macrophages (silicate-laden macrophages [SLMs]), mostly lacking evidence of chronic inflammation or fibrosis. The crystalline material was birefringent, basophilic on acid-fast, and composed of silicas on SEM/EDXA. Mongooses (100%) and monkeys (98%) had the highest prevalence of SLM, followed by cattle and chickens. Lesions were graded on a 3-point scale based on the histologic location and extent of silicates and SLM and were significantly more severe in mongooses (median = 3) than in monkeys (median = 2), dogs (median = 2), and chickens (median = 1). On EDXA, the crystalline material from lungs, air, and topsoil was composed of silicon, oxygen, aluminum, and iron, with a particulate matter size between 2.5 and 10 µm. We hypothesize Saharan dust, volcanic ash, topsoil, and rock quarry dust are potential sources of siliceous dust inhalation and SLM accumulations lacking chronic inflammation (silicosis); dust generation may be potentiated by road vehicle or wind suspension. Future investigations are warranted on the role of silicate inhalation and respiratory comorbidities in people, with monkeys, mongooses, or chickens serving as possible sentinels for exposure.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Swine ; Cattle ; Horses ; Dogs ; Sheep ; Animals, Wild ; Prevalence ; Herpestidae ; Chickens ; Lung/pathology ; Silicates/analysis ; Dust/analysis ; Inflammation/pathology ; Inflammation/veterinary ; Soil ; Cattle Diseases/pathology ; Dog Diseases/pathology ; Horse Diseases/pathology ; Sheep Diseases/pathology ; Swine Diseases/pathology
Chemical Substances	Silicates ; Dust ; Soil
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	188012-3
ISSN	1544-2217 ; 0300-9858
ISSN (online)	1544-2217
ISSN	0300-9858
DOI	10.1177/03009858221146095
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Naturally occurring histological findings and Alzheimer's-like pathology in the brain of aging African green monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus).

Corey, Tatiana M / Illanes, Oscar / Lawrence, Matthew / Perez, Sylvia E / Liddie, Shervin / Callanan, John J

The Journal of comparative neurology

2023 Volume 531, Issue 13, Page(s) 1276–1298

Abstract: Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are important to study the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disease and evaluate therapies targeting the central nervous system (CNS). Understanding the age-associated incidence of natural CNS pathology in a given NHP species ...

Abstract	Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are important to study the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disease and evaluate therapies targeting the central nervous system (CNS). Understanding the age-associated incidence of natural CNS pathology in a given NHP species is critical to assess the safety of potential treatments for neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD). We describe background and age-related neuropathology in the St. Kitts African green monkey (AGM), a recognized translational model for neurodegenerative research, additionally defining the age progression of AD-associated neuropathology in this species. Seventy-one AGM brains were examined, representing age groups of 3-6 years (n = 20), 7-9 years (n = 20), 10-15 years (n = 20), and >15 years (n = 11). A subset of brains (n = 31) was assessed immunohistochemically for AD-related pathology, including expressions of Aβ, tau, and GFAP. Age-related microscopic findings included hemosiderosis, spheroid formation, neuronal lipofuscinosis and neuromelanosis, white matter and neuropil vacuolation, astrocytosis, and focal microgliosis. Non-age-related findings included perivascular ceroid-laden macrophages, meningeal melanosis, and vascular mineralization. Immunohistochemistry revealed 4G8-immunopositive Aβ plaques and vascular deposits in the prefrontal, frontal, cingulate, and temporal cortices of nine animals over 15 years of age, with associated increase in GFAP expression. In 12 animals, 11 over the age of 10 years, phosphorylated tau CP13-immunoreactive neurons, neuropil, and oligodendrocyte-like cells were seen in the prefrontal, frontal, cingulate, orbital, temporal, and entorhinal cortices as well as the hippocampus; no neurofibrillary tangles were observed. AD-related pathology showed an age-related development in cognitive-associated areas in the AGM, highlighting the value of the AGM as a natural model for these neurodegenerative diseases.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Chlorocebus aethiops ; Alzheimer Disease/pathology ; tau Proteins/metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/metabolism ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/pathology ; Brain/metabolism ; Aging/pathology
Chemical Substances	tau Proteins ; Amyloid beta-Peptides
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3086-7
ISSN	1096-9861 ; 0021-9967 ; 0092-7317
ISSN (online)	1096-9861
ISSN	0021-9967 ; 0092-7317
DOI	10.1002/cne.25494
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Article ; Online: An Effective Mouse Model of Unilateral Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Godoy, José R / Watson, Grace / Raspante, Carly / Illanes, Oscar

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE

2021 , Issue 173

Abstract: Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the leading cause of acute renal failure and is a significant contributor to delayed graft function. Animal models are the only available resources that mimic the complexities of the IRI-associated damage encountered ... ...

Abstract	Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the leading cause of acute renal failure and is a significant contributor to delayed graft function. Animal models are the only available resources that mimic the complexities of the IRI-associated damage encountered in vivo. This paper describes an effective mouse model of unilateral renal IRI that delivers highly reproducible data. Ischemia is induced by occluding the right renal pedicle for 30 min followed by reperfusion. In addition to the surgical procedure, a sequential overview of the expected physiological and histopathological changes following renal IRI will be provided by comparing data from seven different reperfusion times (4 h, 8 h, 16 h, 1 day, 2 days, 4 days, and 7 days). Critical data for planning experiments ahead, such as mean surgical time, average anesthetic consumption, and body weight changes over time, will be shared. This work will help researchers implement a reliable renal IRI model and select the appropriate reperfusion time that aligns with their intended investigative goals.
MeSH term(s)	Acute Kidney Injury/etiology ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Ischemia ; Kidney ; Mice ; Reperfusion Injury
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Video-Audio Media
ZDB-ID	2259946-0
ISSN	1940-087X ; 1940-087X
ISSN (online)	1940-087X
ISSN	1940-087X
DOI	10.3791/62749
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Article: An effective mouse model of unilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion injury

Godoy, José R. / Watson, Grace / Raspante, Carly / Illanes, Oscar

Journal of visualized experiments. 2021 July 15, , no. 173

2021

Abstract	Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the leading cause of acute renal failure and is a significant contributor to delayed graft function. Animal models are the only available resources that mimic the complexities of the IRI-associated damage encountered in vivo. This paper describes an effective mouse model of unilateral renal IRI that delivers highly reproducible data. Ischemia is induced by occluding the right renal pedicle for 30 min followed by reperfusion. In addition to the surgical procedure, a sequential overview of the expected physiological and histopathological changes following renal IRI will be provided by comparing data from seven different reperfusion times (4 h, 8 h, 16 h, 1 day, 2 days, 4 days, and 7 days). Critical data for planning experiments ahead, such as mean surgical time, average anesthetic consumption, and body weight changes over time, will be shared. This work will help researchers implement a reliable renal IRI model and select the appropriate reperfusion time that aligns with their intended investigative goals.
Keywords	acute kidney injury ; anesthetics ; body weight ; histopathology ; ischemia ; mice ; models ; surgery
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0715
Size	p. e62749.
Publishing place	Journal of Visualized Experiments
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2259946-0
ISSN	1940-087X
ISSN	1940-087X
DOI	10.3791/62749
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Article: Development and Application of an Interactive Neuropathology iBook as a Complementary Learning Tool for Veterinary Medicine Students.

Arauz, Maziel / Fuentealba, Carmen / Vanderstichel, Raphael / Bolfa, Pompei / Sithole, Fortune / Laws, Antoine / Illanes, Oscar

Journal of veterinary medical education

2021 , Page(s) e20200105

Abstract: Neuropathology is a challenging subject for most medical students. Delivering a gamified learning tool on this topic may motivate students and increase knowledge in the discipline. We report the development of such a tool in iBook format for the systemic ...

Abstract	Neuropathology is a challenging subject for most medical students. Delivering a gamified learning tool on this topic may motivate students and increase knowledge in the discipline. We report the development of such a tool in iBook format for the systemic pathology course delivered at Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine. Composed of 10 chapters (cases), this Neuropathology iBook (NP-iB) reviews basic clinical manifestations, neuropathology, and pathogenesis of common non-neoplastic conditions that cause brain disease in domestic animals. The goal of each chapter is to reach a diagnosis by interactively answering specific questions after reviewing relevant medical history, clinical pathology, and autopsy findings. Our hypothesis: the NP-iB improves students' ability to recognize these diseases, reflected in higher test scores. Using a post-test only control group design, data were gathered from all students enrolled in the course in two different semesters, fall 2017 and spring 2018 (
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-10
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	0748-321X
ISSN	0748-321X
DOI	10.3138/jvme-2020-0105
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Article ; Online: High rates of detection and complete genomic analysis of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) in the Lesser Antilles island of St. Kitts: Identification of PCV2b-PCV2d recombinants.

Kleymann, Alyssa / Soto, Esteban / Illanes, Oscar / Malik, Yashpal S / Fuentealba, Carmen / Ghosh, Souvik

Transboundary and emerging diseases

2020 Volume 67, Issue 6, Page(s) 2282–2289

Abstract: Although porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) is an economically important pathogen of swine, there is a lack of information on PCV2 from the Lesser Antilles. In this retrospective study, we report high rates of detection of PCV2 DNA in porcine faecal (41.3%, 26/ ... ...

Abstract	Although porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) is an economically important pathogen of swine, there is a lack of information on PCV2 from the Lesser Antilles. In this retrospective study, we report high rates of detection of PCV2 DNA in porcine faecal (41.3%, 26/63) and kidney (32.8%, 20/61) samples from the Lesser Antilles island of St. Kitts. Most of the PCV2-positive faecal samples were from diarrhoeic piglets (23/26), with 15 animals exhibiting stunted growth and/or weight loss. Although the PCV2-positive kidneys were from slaughter age, clinically healthy pigs, microscopically, various degrees of inflammation (mild, moderate or severe) were observed in 18 kidneys. Rotavirus-A, porcine parvovirus and torque teno sus virus were detected in 2, 4 and 14 PCV2-positive samples, respectively. The complete genomes of 18 St. Kitts PCV2 strains were amplified using three overlapping nested PCR assays designed in the present study. By phylogenetic analysis of PCV2 open reading frame 2 (ORF2) and complete genomes, 15 St. Kitts strains were assigned to genotype PCV2b. The remaining three PCV2 strains were identified as PCV2b-PCV2d recombinants, with the involvement of ORF2 in two of the strains. To our knowledge, this is the first report on detection and genotyping of PCV2 strains from the Lesser Antilles. Considering the significant contributions of pig farming to the regional livestock economy and increasing demand for local pork in the Lesser Antilles, our findings emphasize the importance of future studies on surveillance and genotyping of PCV2 in other Caribbean islands of the region.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Circoviridae Infections/diagnosis ; Circoviridae Infections/veterinary ; Circoviridae Infections/virology ; Circovirus/genetics ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Farms ; Feces/virology ; Genome, Viral/genetics ; Genomics ; Genotype ; Open Reading Frames/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary ; Recombination, Genetic ; Retrospective Studies ; Swine ; Swine Diseases/diagnosis ; Swine Diseases/virology ; West Indies
Chemical Substances	DNA, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-30
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2414822-2
ISSN	1865-1682 ; 1865-1674
ISSN (online)	1865-1682
ISSN	1865-1674
DOI	10.1111/tbed.13583
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Article ; Online: Detection and genotyping of Leptospira spp. from the kidneys of a seemingly healthy pig slaughtered for human consumption.

Verma, Ashutosh / Soto, Esteban / Illanes, Oscar / Ghosh, Souvik / Fuentealba, Carmen

Journal of infection in developing countries

2015 Volume 9, Issue 5, Page(s) 530–532

Abstract: Introduction: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic Leptospira spp. Leptospirosis is maintained in an environment due to chronic kidney infection of a wide variety of domestic, peridomestic and wild reservoir mammals. In this study ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic Leptospira spp. Leptospirosis is maintained in an environment due to chronic kidney infection of a wide variety of domestic, peridomestic and wild reservoir mammals. In this study the role of pigs in maintenance of leptospires on the Caribbean island of St. Kitts was investigated. Methodology: The condemned kidneys of 60 pigs slaughtered at a St. Kitts abattoir were screened by a quantitative-PCR for the presence of Leptospira spp. Positive samples were genotyped using a six-gene based multilocus sequence typing scheme. Results: Leptospiral DNA was detected in the kidneys of one of the 60 pigs. Multilocus sequence typing identified the infecting species to be L. interrogans. Conclusions: Detection of this zoonotic pathogen in the kidneys of a seemingly healthy pig raises concerns regarding the subclinical carriers of the disease among the island's swine population.
MeSH term(s)	Abattoirs ; Animals ; Caribbean Region ; Humans ; Kidney/microbiology ; Leptospira/classification ; Leptospira/genetics ; Leptospira/isolation & purification ; Leptospirosis/microbiology ; Leptospirosis/veterinary ; Multilocus Sequence Typing ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Swine ; Swine Diseases/microbiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-05-18
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2394024-4
ISSN	1972-2680 ; 2036-6590
ISSN (online)	1972-2680
ISSN	2036-6590
DOI	10.3855/jidc.5727
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