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  1. Article: Minimizing neurovascular complications during image-guided percutaneous cryoablation of a cervical spinal aneurysmal bone cyst using protective doxycycline sclerotherapy: a case report.

    Radalov, Igor / Páez-Carpio, Alfredo / Macías Rodríguez, Napoleón / Inarejos Clemente, Emilio J / Gómez, Fernando M

    Journal of spine surgery (Hong Kong)

    2024  Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 159–164

    Abstract: Background: Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABC) are rare, locally aggressive bone tumors primarily observed in pediatric patients. Surgical curettage is the treatment of choice. Image-guided percutaneous cryoablation (CYOA) is a recently implemented alternative ...

    Abstract Background: Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABC) are rare, locally aggressive bone tumors primarily observed in pediatric patients. Surgical curettage is the treatment of choice. Image-guided percutaneous cryoablation (CYOA) is a recently implemented alternative technique in cases not amenable to surgery. CYOA may be limited if the lesion is close to critical neurovascular structures. In this case report, a cervical spinal ABC was successfully treated using CYOA in combination with complementary and protective image-guided percutaneous doxycycline sclerotherapy (DS) to dissect and treat the portion of the lesion in contact with critical structures.
    Case description: A 4-year-old male presented with a symptomatic ABC within the C5 vertebral body, which encompassed the right vertebral artery and contacted the right C5-C6 spinal cord and nerve roots. After ruling out surgery due to the proximity of critical neurovascular structures, treatment with CYOA was performed. However, subsequent follow-up showed recurrence in the part of the lesion contacting critical structures. A second approach was then decided, using DS to dissect and treat the most vulnerable portion and CYOA to treat the remaining tumor. Follow-up showed almost complete sclerosis of the lesion and total resolution of symptoms 3 years after treatment.
    Conclusions: Using DS to dissect and treat the portion of the lesion in contact with critical neurovascular structures during CYOA treatment of a cervical spinal ABC allowed for a safe and effective approach in our case.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-14
    Publishing country China
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2874556-5
    ISSN 2414-4630 ; 2414-469X
    ISSN (online) 2414-4630
    ISSN 2414-469X
    DOI 10.21037/jss-23-147
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Ankle and Foot Deformities in Children.

    Inarejos Clemente, Emilio J / Aparisi Gómez, Maria Pilar / Catala March, Jordi / Restrepo, Ricardo

    Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology

    2023  Volume 27, Issue 3, Page(s) 367–377

    Abstract: Ankle and foot deformity is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders in children and a leading cause of functional impairment and diminished quality of life when not treated. A spectrum of conditions may produce foot and ankle deformities, with ... ...

    Abstract Ankle and foot deformity is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders in children and a leading cause of functional impairment and diminished quality of life when not treated. A spectrum of conditions may produce foot and ankle deformities, with congenital disorders the most frequent cause, followed by acquired conditions. Congenital disorders include congenital talipes equinovarus or congenital clubfoot, metatarsus adductus, skewfoot, congenital vertical talus, and tarsal coalition.Some of these deformities are frequent and easily diagnosed based on clinical features, but clinical overlap between pathologies can be challenging. Thus imaging plays a paramount role in evaluating these patients. Radiographs are the first imaging modality of choice, but they may not be sufficient in infants due to the lack of ossification of the tarsal bones. Ultrasonography allows not only a detailed visualization of the cartilaginous structures but also permits a dynamic study of the foot and ankle. Computed tomography may be necessary in certain conditions such as tarsal coalitions.
    MeSH term(s) Infant ; Humans ; Child ; Ankle/diagnostic imaging ; Quality of Life ; Clubfoot/diagnostic imaging ; Clubfoot/therapy ; Flatfoot ; Ankle Joint ; Foot Deformities, Congenital/diagnostic imaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1360919-1
    ISSN 1098-898X ; 1089-7860
    ISSN (online) 1098-898X
    ISSN 1089-7860
    DOI 10.1055/s-0043-1766099
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Postsurgical Evaluation of the Pediatric Foot and Ankle.

    Aparisi Gómez, Maria Pilar / Bazzocchi, Alberto / Simoni, Paolo / Inarejos Clemente, Emilio J

    Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology

    2023  Volume 26, Issue 6, Page(s) 755–776

    Abstract: This article reviews situations in which surgical treatment is required in the context of different types of pathology in the foot and ankle of children, focusing on the role of imaging in surgical planning and postsurgical assessment. The types of ... ...

    Abstract This article reviews situations in which surgical treatment is required in the context of different types of pathology in the foot and ankle of children, focusing on the role of imaging in surgical planning and postsurgical assessment. The types of pathology analyzed from this perspective are congenital pathology, neuromuscular disorders, osteochondral lesions, fractures and infection, ligament injuries, and tumors.We address the most common pitfalls of postsurgical imaging of the ankle and foot in children. With some exceptions, postsurgical follow-up focuses on clinical assessment, with imaging follow-up only needed in patients where complications are suspected or symptoms recur. Postoperative assessment of the foot and ankle in children and adolescents requires knowing the indications for surgery and the most common types of interventions, along with their imaging characteristics. The radiologist needs to be aware of the normal sequence of development of structures and how to select adequate imaging techniques to assess anatomy at various stages or in different postsurgical scenarios.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Humans ; Child ; Ankle/diagnostic imaging ; Ankle/surgery ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Ankle Joint/diagnostic imaging ; Ankle Joint/surgery ; Joint Diseases/pathology ; Fractures, Bone/surgery ; Foot Injuries
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1360919-1
    ISSN 1098-898X ; 1089-7860
    ISSN (online) 1098-898X
    ISSN 1089-7860
    DOI 10.1055/s-0042-1760244
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: MRI of the temporomandibular joint in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: protocol and findings.

    Inarejos Clemente, Emilio J / Tolend, Mirkamal / Navallas, Maria / Doria, Andrea S / Meyers, Arthur B

    Pediatric radiology

    2023  Volume 53, Issue 8, Page(s) 1498–1512

    Abstract: Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the technique of choice for diagnosis and monitoring of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), as it is able to visualize both soft tissue and ... ...

    Abstract Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the technique of choice for diagnosis and monitoring of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), as it is able to visualize both soft tissue and osteochondral changes. Approximately 40% of children with JIA develop inflammatory and chronic osteochondral changes observable on imaging, which if left untreated can lead to significant facial growth impairment, including facial asymmetry and retrognathia. MRI of the TMJ plays a paramount role in diagnosis and treatment monitoring in JIA since early signs of TMJ involvement are difficult to detect clinically and with physical examination. Findings of TMJ arthritis may be classified into acute and chronic domains. Early or acute manifestations include joint effusion, bone marrow edema, synovial thickening, and increased joint enhancement. With disease progression, there are characteristic osteochondral changes, including deformity of the mandibular condyle with shortening of the mandibular ramus, bone erosions, and disk abnormalities. In this pictorial essay, we describe a consensus MRI protocol for the study of the TMJ and illustrate the degree of normal and pathological MRI findings using currently available MRI scoring systems of the TMJ developed for JIA.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Child ; Arthritis, Juvenile/pathology ; Temporomandibular Joint/diagnostic imaging ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/diagnostic imaging ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/pathology ; Synovitis/pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-22
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 124459-0
    ISSN 1432-1998 ; 0301-0449
    ISSN (online) 1432-1998
    ISSN 0301-0449
    DOI 10.1007/s00247-023-05616-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Radiologic and Clinical Features of Infantile Hemangioma: Potential Pitfalls and Differential Diagnosis.

    Inarejos Clemente, Emilio J / Diaz Leyva, Joana / Karakas, S Pinar / Duarte, Ana Margarita / Mas, Thomas R / Restrepo, Ricardo

    Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc

    2023  Volume 43, Issue 11, Page(s) e230064

    Abstract: Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common neoplasm in children, but it may mimic other types of vascular anomalies or nonvascular benign and malignant tumors. In most cases, the clinical appearance, time of onset, and pattern of involution facilitate ... ...

    Abstract Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common neoplasm in children, but it may mimic other types of vascular anomalies or nonvascular benign and malignant tumors. In most cases, the clinical appearance, time of onset, and pattern of involution facilitate its diagnosis. Imaging evaluation is not always needed since the IH features at clinical presentation are usually characteristic, but when needed, US and frequently MRI are the imaging modalities of choice. Clinical photography or photographic documentation plays a central role in monitoring these lesions over their clinical course. Photographic documentation can also add confidence and alert the radiologist when interpreting imaging studies. Some vascular anomalies, especially vascular malformations, are a frequent source of confusion, as these may resemble IHs clinically and at imaging. The lack of uniform terminology also hinders an accurate diagnosis. To unify the terminology and minimize confusion, the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies created a helpful classification in 1994. In addition, radiologists need to be aware of and become familiar with other neoplasms in children that may resemble IH to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary procedures. Fibrous and lipomatous tumors are examples of benign tumors that can mimic IHs clinically and at imaging, whereas rhabdomyosarcoma, infantile fibrosarcoma, neuroblastoma, and lymphoproliferative disorders are examples of malignant neoplasms. The authors review the features of IH at clinical presentation and imaging evaluation, highlighting its different phases of evolution and stressing the importance of photographic documentation. The authors also review pitfalls of IH with helpful pearls for differentiation.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Infant ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Vascular Malformations ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Diagnostic Errors ; Hemangioma/diagnostic imaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603172-9
    ISSN 1527-1323 ; 0271-5333
    ISSN (online) 1527-1323
    ISSN 0271-5333
    DOI 10.1148/rg.230064
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Sono-Elastography: An Ultrasound Quantitative Non-Invasive Measurement to Guide Bacterial Pneumonia Diagnosis in Children.

    Huerta-Calpe, Sergi / Salas, Bárbara / Inarejos Clemente, Emilio J / Guitart, Carmina / Balaguer, Mònica / Jordan, Iolanda

    Children (Basel, Switzerland)

    2023  Volume 10, Issue 8

    Abstract: Lung ultrasound (LUS) is, at present, a standard technique for the diagnosis of acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTI) and other lung pathologies. Its protocolised use has replaced chest radiography and has led to a drastic reduction in ... ...

    Abstract Lung ultrasound (LUS) is, at present, a standard technique for the diagnosis of acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTI) and other lung pathologies. Its protocolised use has replaced chest radiography and has led to a drastic reduction in radiation exposure in children. Despite its undeniable usefulness, there are situations in which certain quantitative measurements could provide additional data to differentiate the etiology of some pulmonary processes and thus adapt the treatment. Our research group hypothesises that several lung processes such pneumonia may lead to altered lung tissue stiffness, which could be quantified with new diagnostic tests such as lung sono-elastography (SE). An exhaustive review of the literature has been carried out, concluding that the role of SE for the study of pulmonary processes is currently scarce and poorly studied, particularly in pediatrics. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the technical aspects of SE and to explore its potential usefulness as a non-invasive diagnostic technique for ALRTI in children by implementing an institutional image acquisition protocol.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-01
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2732685-8
    ISSN 2227-9067
    ISSN 2227-9067
    DOI 10.3390/children10081335
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  7. Article: Ankle and Foot Deformities in Children

    Inarejos Clemente, Emilio J. / Aparisi Gómez, Maria Pilar / Catala March, Jordi / Restrepo, Ricardo

    Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology

    (Imaging of the Ankle and Foot)

    2023  Volume 27, Issue 03, Page(s) 367–377

    Abstract: Ankle and foot deformity is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders in children and a leading cause of functional impairment and diminished quality of life when not treated. A spectrum of conditions may produce foot and ankle deformities, with ... ...

    Series title Imaging of the Ankle and Foot
    Abstract Ankle and foot deformity is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders in children and a leading cause of functional impairment and diminished quality of life when not treated. A spectrum of conditions may produce foot and ankle deformities, with congenital disorders the most frequent cause, followed by acquired conditions. Congenital disorders include congenital talipes equinovarus or congenital clubfoot, metatarsus adductus, skewfoot, congenital vertical talus, and tarsal coalition. Some of these deformities are frequent and easily diagnosed based on clinical features, but clinical overlap between pathologies can be challenging. Thus imaging plays a paramount role in evaluating these patients. Radiographs are the first imaging modality of choice, but they may not be sufficient in infants due to the lack of ossification of the tarsal bones. Ultrasonography allows not only a detailed visualization of the cartilaginous structures but also permits a dynamic study of the foot and ankle. Computed tomography may be necessary in certain conditions such as tarsal coalitions.
    Keywords pediatric foot ; congenital ; clubfoot ; metatarsus adductus ; tarsal coalition
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-25
    Publisher Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
    Publishing place Stuttgart ; New York
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1360919-1
    ISSN 1098-898X ; 1089-7860
    ISSN (online) 1098-898X
    ISSN 1089-7860
    DOI 10.1055/s-0043-1766099
    Database Thieme publisher's database

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  8. Article ; Online: Bacterial osteomyelitis in pediatric patients: a comprehensive review.

    Restrepo, Ricardo / Park, Halley J / Karakas, S Pinar / Cervantes, Luisa F / Rodriguez-Ruiz, Felipe G / Zahrah, Anna Maria / Inarejos-Clemente, Emilio J / Laufer, Marcelo / Shreiber, Verena M

    Skeletal radiology

    2024  

    Abstract: Bacterial osteomyelitis, an inflammatory response in the bone caused by microorganisms, typically affects the metaphysis in the skeletally immature. Bacterial osteomyelitis possesses a significant diagnostic challenge in pediatric patients due to its ... ...

    Abstract Bacterial osteomyelitis, an inflammatory response in the bone caused by microorganisms, typically affects the metaphysis in the skeletally immature. Bacterial osteomyelitis possesses a significant diagnostic challenge in pediatric patients due to its nonspecific clinical presentation. Because the metaphysis is the primary focus of infection in skeletally immature patients, understanding the normal physiologic, maturation process of bones throughout childhood allows to understand the pathophysiology of osteomyelitis. Timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial to initiate appropriate treatment, and prevent long-term sequelae and efforts must be made to isolate the causative organism. The potential causative organism changes according to the age of the patient and underlying medical conditions. Staphylococcus Aureus is the most common isolated bacteria in pediatric pyogenic osteomyelitis whereas Kingella Kingae is the most common causative agent in children aged 6 months to 4 years. Imaging plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis, characterization, evaluation of complications, and follow up of bacterial osteomyelitis. Imaging also plays a pivotal role in the evaluation of potential neoplastic and non-neoplastic mimickers of osteomyelitis. In children, MRI is currently the gold standard imaging modality when suspecting bacterial osteomyelitis, whereas surgical intervention may be required in order to isolate the microorganism, treat complications, and exclude mimickers.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-20
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 527592-1
    ISSN 1432-2161 ; 0364-2348
    ISSN (online) 1432-2161
    ISSN 0364-2348
    DOI 10.1007/s00256-024-04639-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn: a pictorial essay of an under-recognized entity.

    Restrepo, Ricardo / Inarejos Clemente, Emilio J / Corral, Gonzalo / Mas, Thomas R / Fenlon, Edward P / Jaramillo, Diego

    Pediatric radiology

    2022  Volume 53, Issue 2, Page(s) 313–323

    Abstract: Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn is a self-limited disorder predominantly affecting full-term and post-term neonates during the first 6 weeks after birth. Subcutaneous fat necrosis can be focal or multifocal and affect one or both sides with a ... ...

    Abstract Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn is a self-limited disorder predominantly affecting full-term and post-term neonates during the first 6 weeks after birth. Subcutaneous fat necrosis can be focal or multifocal and affect one or both sides with a predilection for areas of pressure in certain anatomical areas. Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn is associated with perinatal asphyxia and other neonatal and maternal risk factors. Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn presents as a self-limited area of dermal edema followed by indurated subcutaneous plaques, or nontender and mobile nodules, sometimes with skin discoloration [1-3]. The diagnosis is based on the child's history and physical examination, but when in doubt, imaging is helpful. US is the imaging modality of choice to confirm the diagnosis of subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn because it provides the best resolution of superficial lesions, requires no sedation and lacks ionizing radiation. US can also help evaluate and characterize other pathologies affecting the superficial subcutaneous soft tissues at this age. Familiarity with subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn is important to make a prompt and precise diagnosis and avoid unnecessary imaging tests or invasive procedures.
    MeSH term(s) Infant, Newborn ; Child ; Humans ; Subcutaneous Fat/diagnostic imaging ; Fat Necrosis/diagnostic imaging ; Anesthesia/adverse effects ; Emotions
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-24
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 124459-0
    ISSN 1432-1998 ; 0301-0449
    ISSN (online) 1432-1998
    ISSN 0301-0449
    DOI 10.1007/s00247-022-05509-1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Postsurgical Evaluation of the Pediatric Foot and Ankle

    Aparisi Gómez, Maria Pilar / Bazzocchi, Alberto / Simoni, Paolo / Inarejos Clemente, Emilio J.

    Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology

    (Postoperative Ankle)

    2022  Volume 26, Issue 06, Page(s) 755–776

    Abstract: This article reviews situations in which surgical treatment is required in the context of different types of pathology in the foot and ankle of children, focusing on the role of imaging in surgical planning and postsurgical assessment. The types of ... ...

    Series title Postoperative Ankle
    Abstract This article reviews situations in which surgical treatment is required in the context of different types of pathology in the foot and ankle of children, focusing on the role of imaging in surgical planning and postsurgical assessment. The types of pathology analyzed from this perspective are congenital pathology, neuromuscular disorders, osteochondral lesions, fractures and infection, ligament injuries, and tumors. We address the most common pitfalls of postsurgical imaging of the ankle and foot in children. With some exceptions, postsurgical follow-up focuses on clinical assessment, with imaging follow-up only needed in patients where complications are suspected or symptoms recur. Postoperative assessment of the foot and ankle in children and adolescents requires knowing the indications for surgery and the most common types of interventions, along with their imaging characteristics. The radiologist needs to be aware of the normal sequence of development of structures and how to select adequate imaging techniques to assess anatomy at various stages or in different postsurgical scenarios.
    Keywords postsurgical imaging ; pediatric foot ; pediatric ankle ; congenital ; fractures
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-01
    Publisher Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
    Publishing place Stuttgart ; New York
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1360919-1
    ISSN 1098-898X ; 1089-7860
    ISSN (online) 1098-898X
    ISSN 1089-7860
    DOI 10.1055/s-0042-1760244
    Database Thieme publisher's database

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