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  1. Article ; Online: Mesoporosity of Delignified Wood Investigated by Water Vapor Sorption

    Philippe Grönquist / Marion Frey / Tobias Keplinger / Ingo Burgert

    ACS Omega, Vol 4, Iss 7, Pp 12425-

    2019  Volume 12431

    Keywords Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher American Chemical Society
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Enhancing the performance of beech-timber concrete hybrids by a wood surface pre-treatment using sol-gel chemistry

    Sanja Kostić / Sandro Meier / Etienne Cabane / Ingo Burgert

    Heliyon, Vol 4, Iss 9, Pp e00762- (2018)

    2018  

    Abstract: Timber-concrete composites require reliable connections between both components, which are usually obtained by metal fasteners or slots in the wood. In this study, an alternative approach is presented based on a fully glued connection in combination with ...

    Abstract Timber-concrete composites require reliable connections between both components, which are usually obtained by metal fasteners or slots in the wood. In this study, an alternative approach is presented based on a fully glued connection in combination with a primer treated wood surface, to enhance the compatibility and the adhesion properties at the interface between beech wood and concrete. Prior to the gluing and the concrete application in a wet-on-wet process, the wood surface was functionalised with a xerogel obtained by means of a sol-gel process, consisting of two layers of silane nanofilms, with different functional groups, which are capable of undergoing further chemical crosslinking reactions with the adhesive. The coating with its functionalities allows for reducing the penetration of the epoxy adhesives into the wood structure and an additional chemical connection to the adhesive can be established. The main objective of this study was to analyse the effect of the surface treatment on the mechanical properties of such composites in 3-point and 4-point bending tests as well as push-out-tests. The results showed that the pre-treatment can improve the load bearing capacity of the timber-concrete composites, but that a ductile behaviour cannot be achieved with the tested adhesives.
    Keywords Materials science ; Science (General) ; Q1-390 ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
    Subject code 620
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Bio-inspired wooden actuators for large scale applications.

    Markus Rüggeberg / Ingo Burgert

    PLoS ONE, Vol 10, Iss 3, p e

    2015  Volume 0120718

    Abstract: Implementing programmable actuation into materials and structures is a major topic in the field of smart materials. In particular the bilayer principle has been employed to develop actuators that respond to various kinds of stimuli. A multitude of small ... ...

    Abstract Implementing programmable actuation into materials and structures is a major topic in the field of smart materials. In particular the bilayer principle has been employed to develop actuators that respond to various kinds of stimuli. A multitude of small scale applications down to micrometer size have been developed, but up-scaling remains challenging due to either limitations in mechanical stiffness of the material or in the manufacturing processes. Here, we demonstrate the actuation of wooden bilayers in response to changes in relative humidity, making use of the high material stiffness and a good machinability to reach large scale actuation and application. Amplitude and response time of the actuation were measured and can be predicted and controlled by adapting the geometry and the constitution of the bilayers. Field tests in full weathering conditions revealed long-term stability of the actuation. The potential of the concept is shown by a first demonstrator. With the sensor and actuator intrinsically incorporated in the wooden bilayers, the daily change in relative humidity is exploited for an autonomous and solar powered movement of a tracker for solar modules.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 621
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Sustainable wood electronics by iron-catalyzed laser-induced graphitization for large-scale applications

    Christopher H. Dreimol / Huizhang Guo / Maximilian Ritter / Tobias Keplinger / Yong Ding / Roman Günther / Erik Poloni / Ingo Burgert / Guido Panzarasa

    Nature Communications, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2022  Volume 12

    Abstract: Ecologically friendly wood electronics will help alleviating the shortcomings of state-of-art cellulose-based green electronics. Here, the authors introduce iron-catalyzed laser-induced graphitization (IC-LIG) as an innovative approach for engraving ... ...

    Abstract Ecologically friendly wood electronics will help alleviating the shortcomings of state-of-art cellulose-based green electronics. Here, the authors introduce iron-catalyzed laser-induced graphitization (IC-LIG) as an innovative approach for engraving large-scale electrically conductive structures on wood with high quality and efficiency.
    Keywords Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article: Nanofibrillated cellulose composites and wood derived scaffolds for functional materials

    Keplinger, Tobias / Xiaoqing Wang / Ingo Burgert

    Journal of materials chemistry A. 2019 Feb. 12, v. 7, no. 7

    2019  

    Abstract: As an alternative to the production of nanofibrillated cellulose based composites (NFC) in bottom-up processes the functionalization of wood or cellulose scaffold materials in a top-down approach has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Here ... ...

    Abstract As an alternative to the production of nanofibrillated cellulose based composites (NFC) in bottom-up processes the functionalization of wood or cellulose scaffold materials in a top-down approach has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Here we compare both concepts regarding mechanical properties, electric and magnetic properties as well as filtration and adsorption properties for oil/water separation and heavy metal remediation. Depending on the targeted properties, both the bottom-up and the top-down approach show specific advantages and limitations in processing and performance. The comparison shows that the use of wood and wood derived cellulose scaffolds is a very promising alternative to the assembly of NFC for developing green and scalable functional materials.
    Keywords adsorption ; cellulose ; filtration ; heavy metals ; magnetic properties ; mechanical properties ; oils ; remediation ; wood
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-0212
    Size p. 2981-2992.
    Publishing place The Royal Society of Chemistry
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2702232-8
    ISSN 2050-7496 ; 2050-7488
    ISSN (online) 2050-7496
    ISSN 2050-7488
    DOI 10.1039/c8ta10711d
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article ; Online: Nano-mechanical characterization of the wood cell wall by AFM studies

    Kirstin Casdorff / Tobias Keplinger / Ingo Burgert

    Plant Methods, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    comparison between AC- and QI™ mode

    2017  Volume 9

    Abstract: Abstract Background Understanding the arrangement and mechanical properties of wood polymers within the plant cell wall is the basis for unravelling its underlying structure–property relationships. As state of the art Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) has ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background Understanding the arrangement and mechanical properties of wood polymers within the plant cell wall is the basis for unravelling its underlying structure–property relationships. As state of the art Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) has been used to visualize cell wall layers in contact resonance- and amplitude controlled mode (AC) on embedded samples. Most of the studies have focused on the structural arrangement of the S2 layer and its lamellar structure. Results In this work, a protocol for AFM is proposed to characterize the entire cell wall mechanically by quantitative imaging (QI™) at the nanometer level, without embedding the samples. It is shown that the applied protocol allows for distinguishing between the cell wall layers of the compound middle lamella, S1, and S2 of spruce wood based on their Young’s Moduli. In the transition zone, S12, a stiffness gradient is measured. Conclusions The QI™ mode pushes the limit of resolution for mechanical characterization of the plant cell wall to the nanometer range. Comparing QI™- against AC images reveals that the mode of operation strongly influences the visualization of the cell wall.
    Keywords Atomic Force Microscopy ; Wood ; Spruce ; Cell wall ; Young’s Modulus ; Plant culture ; SB1-1110 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article: A close-up view of the wood cell wall ultrastructure and its mechanics at different cutting angles by atomic force microscopy

    Casdorff, Kirstin / Tobias Keplinger / Markus Rüggeberg / Ingo Burgert

    Planta. 2018 May, v. 247, no. 5

    2018  

    Abstract: MAIN CONCLUSION: AFM measurements on spruce sample cross-sections reveal that the structural appearance of the S₂ layer changes from a network structure to a concentric lamellar texture depending on the cutting angle. The structural assembly of wood ... ...

    Abstract MAIN CONCLUSION: AFM measurements on spruce sample cross-sections reveal that the structural appearance of the S₂ layer changes from a network structure to a concentric lamellar texture depending on the cutting angle. The structural assembly of wood constituents within the secondary cell wall has been subject of numerous studies over the last decades, which has resulted in contradicting models on the spatial arrangement and orientation of the wood macromolecules. Here, we use multichannel atomic force microscopy by means of quantitative imaging, to gain new insights into the macromolecular assembly. Cross-sections of spruce wood, which had been cut at different angles ranging from 0° to 30° were investigated. Strikingly, depending on the cutting angle, the structural appearance of the S₂ layer changed from a network-like structure to a distinct concentric lamellar texture. This makes us conclude that the often visualized lamellar organization of the secondary cell wall is not the consequence of a continuous inherent ring pattern, but rather a result of the specific surface cross-section appearance of cellulose aggregates at larger cutting angles. By analyzing the recorded force distance curves in every pixel, a nano-mechanical characterization of the secondary cell wall was conducted. Substantially lower indentation modulus values were obtained compared to nanoindentation values reported in the literature. This is potentially due to a smaller interaction volume of the probe with a by far less deep indentation.
    Keywords Picea ; atomic force microscopy ; cell walls ; cellulose ; cutting ; image analysis ; mechanics ; models ; texture ; ultrastructure ; wood
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2018-05
    Size p. 1123-1132.
    Publishing place Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 208909-9
    ISSN 1432-2048 ; 0032-0935 ; 1866-2749
    ISSN (online) 1432-2048
    ISSN 0032-0935 ; 1866-2749
    DOI 10.1007/s00425-018-2850-9
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  8. Article: Nano-mechanical characterization of the wood cell wall by AFM studies: comparison between AC- and QI™ mode

    Casdorff, Kirstin / Tobias Keplinger / Ingo Burgert

    Plant methods. 2017 Dec., v. 13, no. 1

    2017  

    Abstract: BACKGROUND: Understanding the arrangement and mechanical properties of wood polymers within the plant cell wall is the basis for unravelling its underlying structure–property relationships. As state of the art Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) has been used ... ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND: Understanding the arrangement and mechanical properties of wood polymers within the plant cell wall is the basis for unravelling its underlying structure–property relationships. As state of the art Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) has been used to visualize cell wall layers in contact resonance- and amplitude controlled mode (AC) on embedded samples. Most of the studies have focused on the structural arrangement of the S₂ layer and its lamellar structure. RESULTS: In this work, a protocol for AFM is proposed to characterize the entire cell wall mechanically by quantitative imaging (QI™) at the nanometer level, without embedding the samples. It is shown that the applied protocol allows for distinguishing between the cell wall layers of the compound middle lamella, S₁, and S₂ of spruce wood based on their Young’s Moduli. In the transition zone, S₁₂, a stiffness gradient is measured. CONCLUSIONS: The QI™ mode pushes the limit of resolution for mechanical characterization of the plant cell wall to the nanometer range. Comparing QI™- against AC images reveals that the mode of operation strongly influences the visualization of the cell wall.
    Keywords Picea ; atomic force microscopy ; cell walls ; image analysis ; modulus of elasticity ; polymers ; wood
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2017-12
    Size p. 60.
    Publishing place BioMed Central
    Document type Article
    ISSN 1746-4811
    DOI 10.1186/s13007-017-0211-5
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  9. Article: Hydroxyl accessibility in wood cell walls as affected by drying and re-wetting procedures

    Thybring, Emil Engelund / Lisbeth Garbrecht Thygesen / Ingo Burgert

    Cellulose. 2017 June, v. 24, no. 6

    2017  

    Abstract: The first drying of wood cell walls from the native state has sometimes been described as producing irreversible structural changes which reduce the accessibility to water, a phenomenon often referred to as hornification. This study demonstrates that ... ...

    Abstract The first drying of wood cell walls from the native state has sometimes been described as producing irreversible structural changes which reduce the accessibility to water, a phenomenon often referred to as hornification. This study demonstrates that while changes do seem to take place, these are more complex than what has hitherto been described. The accessibility of wood cell wall hydroxyls to deuteration in the form of liquid water was not found to be affected by drying, since vacuum impregnation with liquid water restores the native cell wall accessibility. Contrary to this, hydroxyl accessibility to deuteration by water vapour was found to decrease to different levels depending on the drying conditions. Vacuum drying at 60 °C for 3 days reduced the accessibility more than drying for 1 day at 103 °C without vacuum. Drying for 3 days at 103 °C increased the hydroxyl accessibility compared to 1 day. Moreover, the decrease in hydroxyl accessibility to deuteration by water vapour induced by the first drying could be at least partially erased by subsequent vacuum impregnation with liquid water, indicating reversibility. For the drying of solid, non-degraded wood cell walls the results challenge the often supposed process of hornification, understood as a permanent decrease in hydroxyl accessibility to water.
    Keywords cell walls ; cellulose ; vacuum drying ; water vapor ; wood
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2017-06
    Size p. 2375-2384.
    Publishing place Springer Netherlands
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1496831-9
    ISSN 1572-882X ; 0969-0239
    ISSN (online) 1572-882X
    ISSN 0969-0239
    DOI 10.1007/s10570-017-1278-x
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  10. Article: Hydroxyl accessibility in wood by deuterium exchange and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy: methodological uncertainties

    Tarmian, Asghar / Ingo Burgert / Emil Engelund Thybring

    Wood science and technology. 2017 July, v. 51, no. 4

    2017  

    Abstract: The accessibility of wood hydroxyls to water is commonly studied by infrared spectroscopy after deuteration where water-interacting hydroxyls have their H exchanged for D. In this study, the hydroxyl accessibility is determined with ATR-FTIR spectroscopy ...

    Abstract The accessibility of wood hydroxyls to water is commonly studied by infrared spectroscopy after deuteration where water-interacting hydroxyls have their H exchanged for D. In this study, the hydroxyl accessibility is determined with ATR-FTIR spectroscopy after deuteration of specimens with liquid D₂O. Several factors are examined to reveal the uncertainties involved in the accessibility determination. Despite the fact that specimens were able to interact with water vapour after deuteration and drying, producing a freshly cut surface just before measurement limited the effect of re-exchange of hydroxyls and gave for most batches reproducible results.
    Keywords Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; deuterium ; deuterium oxide ; drying ; uncertainty ; water vapor ; wood
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2017-07
    Size p. 845-853.
    Publishing place Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 241313-9
    ISSN 0043-7719
    ISSN 0043-7719
    DOI 10.1007/s00226-017-0922-9
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