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Article ; Online: Effect of Dietary Organic Selenium on Growth Performance, Gut Health, and Coccidiosis Response in Broiler Chickens

Samiru S. Wickramasuriya / Inkyung Park / Youngsub Lee / Hyun S. Lillehoj

Animals, Vol 13, Iss 1560, p

2023 Volume 1560

Abstract: A total of 252 one-day-old Ross broilers were randomly allocated to one of six treatments in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with respective Eimeria challenges (non-infection and infection) and three different selenium (Se) diets. Dietary treatments were ... ...

Abstract	A total of 252 one-day-old Ross broilers were randomly allocated to one of six treatments in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with respective Eimeria challenges (non-infection and infection) and three different selenium (Se) diets. Dietary treatments were as follows: (1) Se un-supplemented control (CON), (2) inorganic Se treatment (SS; 0.3 mg/kg as sodium selenite), and (3) organic Se treatment (SY; 0.3 mg/kg as selenized yeast). Six replicate cages were allocated per treatment. Chickens in the respective Eimeria infection groups were infected with an E. acervulina , E. tenella , and E. maxima oocyst mixture (15,000 oocysts/chicken) on day 16. Growth performance was measured on days 16, 22, and 24. On day 22, intestinal samples were collected from randomly selected chickens to evaluate gut lesion scores, antioxidant enzymes, and tight junction gene expression. Blood, breast, and liver samples were collected to analyze the Se concentrations on day 24. Dietary SY supplementation improved ( p < 0.05) the growth performance of the chickens regardless of the Eimeria challenge. Moreover, independent of Eimeria infection, Se supplementation elevated ( p < 0.05) the heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX-1) expression in jejunal mucosa at 6 days post-infection (dpi). Duodenal junctional adhesion molecule 2 (JAM-2) expression and jejunal occludin (OCLN) were elevated ( p < 0.05) with dietary SY supplementation at 6 dpi. Among Se sources, broiler chickens fed with the SY diet showed higher ( p < 0.05) Se concentrations in breast muscle and serum on 8 dpi. These results confirmed the beneficial effects of dietary Se and the efficiency of organic Se compared with inorganic Se for growth improvement and muscle Se enrichment in broiler chickens regardless of coccidiosis infection.
Keywords	selenium ; broiler ; coccidiosis ; antibiotic alternative ; gut health ; oxidative stress ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100 ; Zoology ; QL1-991
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Dietary Supplementation With Magnolia Bark Extract Alters Chicken Intestinal Metabolite Levels

Inkyung Park / Sungtaek Oh / Erik. P. Lillehoj / Hyun S. Lillehoj

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol

2020 Volume 7

Abstract: Magnolia bark extract administered as a dietary supplement to poultry confers a performance and health benefit, but the mechanisms are unknown. Here, a metabolomics approach was used to identify changes in intestinal metabolite levels in chickens fed an ... ...

Abstract	Magnolia bark extract administered as a dietary supplement to poultry confers a performance and health benefit, but the mechanisms are unknown. Here, a metabolomics approach was used to identify changes in intestinal metabolite levels in chickens fed an unsupplemented diet or a diet supplemented with magnolia bark extract. Total body weight gains of chickens fed magnolia bark-supplemented diets were increased 2% (from 861 to 878 g/chicken), compared with chickens fed an unsupplemented diet. Compared with unsupplemented controls, the levels of 278 intestinal biochemicals (metabolites) were altered (165 increased, 113 decreased) in chickens given the magnolia-supplemented diet. Data for biochemicals of intestinal contents of chickens fed the unsupplemented diet clustered on the left side of the PCA score plot, while those of the magnolia-supplemented diet were separated and clustered on the right side. The biochemicals included changes in the levels of amino acids, fatty acids, peptides, and nucleosides, which provided a distinctive biochemical signature unique to the magnolia-supplemented group, compared with the unsupplemented group. These results provide the foundation for future studies to identify naturally-produced biochemicals that might be used to improve poultry growth performance.
Keywords	phytochemical ; intestine ; metabolomics ; growth ; chicken ; magnolia ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Subject code	590
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Role of Physiology, Immunity, Microbiota, and Infectious Diseases in the Gut Health of Poultry

Samiru S. Wickramasuriya / Inkyung Park / Kyungwoo Lee / Youngsub Lee / Woo H. Kim / Hyoyoun Nam / Hyun S. Lillehoj

Vaccines, Vol 10, Iss 172, p

2022 Volume 172

Abstract: Gut health” refers to the physical state and physiological function of the gastrointestinal tract and in the livestock system; this topic is often focused on the complex interacting components of the intestinal system that influence animal growth ... ...

Abstract	“Gut health” refers to the physical state and physiological function of the gastrointestinal tract and in the livestock system; this topic is often focused on the complex interacting components of the intestinal system that influence animal growth performance and host-microbial homeostasis. Regardless, there is an increasing need to better understand the complexity of the intestinal system and the various factors that influence gut health, since the intestine is the largest immune and neuroendocrine organ that interacts with the most complex microbiome population. As we face the post-antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) era in many countries of the world, livestock need more options to deal with food security, food safety, and antibiotic resilience to maintain agricultural sustainability to feed the increasing human population. Furthermore, developing novel antibiotic alternative strategies needs a comprehensive understanding of how this complex system maintains homeostasis as we face unpredictable changes in external factors like antibiotic-resistant microbes, farming practices, climate changes, and consumers’ preferences for food. In this review, we attempt to assemble and summarize all the relevant information on chicken gut health to provide deeper insights into various aspects of gut health. Due to the broad and complex nature of the concept of “gut health”, we have highlighted the most pertinent factors related to the field performance of broiler chickens.
Keywords	chicken ; gut health ; gut diseases ; gut–brain axis ; gut integrity ; immunity ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A mechanistically novel peptide agonist of the IL-7 receptor that addresses limitations of IL-7 cytokine therapy.

William J Dower / Angie Inkyung Park / Alice V Bakker / Steven E Cwirla / Praechompoo Pongtornpipat / Blake M Williams / Prarthana Joshi / Bryan A Baxter / Michael C Needels / Ronald W Barrett

PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss 10, p e

2023 Volume 0286834

Abstract: Interleukin (IL)-7 is broadly active on T-cell populations, and modified versions have been clinically evaluated for a variety of therapeutic applications, including cancer, lymphopenia, and infectious diseases; and found to be relatively well-tolerated ... ...

Abstract	Interleukin (IL)-7 is broadly active on T-cell populations, and modified versions have been clinically evaluated for a variety of therapeutic applications, including cancer, lymphopenia, and infectious diseases; and found to be relatively well-tolerated and biologically active. Here we describe novel IL-7R agonists that are unrelated in structure to IL-7, bind to the receptor subunits differently from IL-7, but closely emulate IL-7 biology. The small size, low structural complexity, and the natural amino acid composition of the pharmacologically active peptide MDK1472 allows facile incorporation into protein structures, such as the IgG2-Fc fusion MDK-703. This molecule possesses properties potentially better suited to therapeutic applications than native IL-7 or its derivatives. We compared these compounds with IL-7 for immune cell selectivity, induction of IL-7R signaling, receptor-mediated internalization, proliferation, and generation of immune cell phenotypes in human and non-human primate (NHP) peripheral blood cells in vitro; and found them to be similar in biological activity to IL-7. In cynomolgus macaques, MDK-703 exhibits a circulating half-life of 46 hr and produces sustained T-cell expansion characteristic of IL-7 treatment. In the huCD34+-engrafted NSG mouse model of the human immune system, MDK-703 induces an immune cell profile very similar to that generated by IL-7-derived compounds; including the pronounced expansion of memory T-cells, particularly the population of stem-like memory T-cells (Tscm) which may be important for anti-tumor activities reported with IL-7 treatment. Clinical administration of IL-7 and modified variants has been reported to induce anti-drug antibodies (ADAs), including IL-7 neutralizing antibodies. The novel peptide agonist reported here scores very low in predicted immunogenicity, and because the peptide lacks sequence similarity with IL-7, the problematic immunogenic neutralization of endogenous cytokine should not occur. The properties we report here implicate MDK-703 ...
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Smaller volume of posterior thalamic nuclei in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder

Jinhyung Jurng / Hyungyou Park / Taekwan Kim / Inkyung Park / Sun-Young Moon / Silvia Kyungjin Lho / Minah Kim / Jun Soo Kwon

NeuroImage: Clinical, Vol 30, Iss , Pp 102686- (2021)

2021

Abstract: Aim: Although the thalamus is a key structure in the pathophysiology of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), reports regarding thalamic volume alterations in OCD patients have been inconsistent. Because the thalamus has a complex structure with distinct ... ...

Abstract	Aim: Although the thalamus is a key structure in the pathophysiology of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), reports regarding thalamic volume alterations in OCD patients have been inconsistent. Because the thalamus has a complex structure with distinct functions, we investigated subregional volume changes in the thalamus and their relationship with clinical attributes in a large sample of medication-free OCD patients. Methods: We collected T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging data from 177 OCD patients and 152 healthy controls (HCs). Using FreeSurfer, we segmented the thalamus into 12 nuclei groups; subregional volumes were compared between groups using an analysis of covariance. The relationships between altered thalamic volumes and OC symptom severity and OCD onset age were investigated. Results: Compared to HCs, OCD patients showed a smaller volume of the left posterior thalamic nuclei. Other thalamic subregions did not show significant group differences. There was a significant negative correlation between the volume of the left posterior thalamic nuclei and the age of OCD onset but no significant correlation with OC symptom severity. Conclusions: This is the first study to report reduced volume of the posterior thalamic nuclei in a large sample of medication-free OCD patients. Our results suggest that the volume of posterior thalamic nuclei may reflect different pathophysiological mechanisms of OCD subtypes related to the age of onset. Additional studies with pediatric samples are required to clarify the relationship between thalamic alterations and the onset age of OCD.
Keywords	Age of onset ; Clinical attribute ; Obsessive–compulsive disorder ; Subregional volume ; Thalamus ; Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ; R858-859.7 ; Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ; RC346-429
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Context dependency in risky decision making

Inkyung Park / Paul D Windschitl / Andrew R Smith / Shanon Rule / Aaron M Scherer / Jillian O Stuart

PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 2, p e

Is there a description-experience gap?

2021 Volume 0245969

Abstract: When making decisions involving risk, people may learn about the risk from descriptions or from experience. The description-experience gap refers to the difference in decision patterns driven by this discrepancy in learning format. Across two experiments, ...

Abstract	When making decisions involving risk, people may learn about the risk from descriptions or from experience. The description-experience gap refers to the difference in decision patterns driven by this discrepancy in learning format. Across two experiments, we investigated whether learning from description versus experience differentially affects the direction and the magnitude of a context effect in risky decision making. In Study 1 and 2, a computerized game called the Decisions about Risk Task (DART) was used to measure people's risk-taking tendencies toward hazard stimuli that exploded probabilistically. The rate at which a context hazard caused harm was manipulated, while the rate at which a focal hazard caused harm was held constant. The format by which this information was learned was also manipulated; it was learned primarily by experience or by description. The results revealed that participants' behavior toward the focal hazard varied depending on what they had learned about the context hazard. Specifically, there were contrast effects in which participants were more likely to choose a risky behavior toward the focal hazard when the harm rate posed by the context hazard was high rather than low. Critically, these contrast effects were of similar strength irrespective of whether the risk information was learned from experience or description. Participants' verbal assessments of risk likelihood also showed contrast effects, irrespective of learning format. Although risk information about a context hazard in DART does nothing to affect the objective expected value of risky versus safe behaviors toward focal hazards, it did affect participants' perceptions and behaviors-regardless of whether the information was learned from description or experience. Our findings suggest that context has a broad-based role in how people assess and make decisions about hazards.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	150
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Efficacy of a Yeast Cell Wall Extract to Mitigate the Effect of Naturally Co-Occurring Mycotoxins Contaminating Feed Ingredients Fed to Young Pigs

Sung Woo Kim / Débora Muratori Holanda / Xin Gao / Inkyung Park / Alexandros Yiannikouris

Toxins, Vol 11, Iss 11, p

Impact on Gut Health, Microbiome, and Growth

2019 Volume 633

Abstract: Mycotoxins are produced by fungi and are potentially toxic to pigs. Yeast cell wall extract (YCWE) is known to adsorb mycotoxins and improve gut health in pigs. One hundred and twenty growing (56 kg; experiment 1) and 48 nursery piglets (6 kg; experiment ...

Abstract	Mycotoxins are produced by fungi and are potentially toxic to pigs. Yeast cell wall extract (YCWE) is known to adsorb mycotoxins and improve gut health in pigs. One hundred and twenty growing (56 kg; experiment 1) and 48 nursery piglets (6 kg; experiment 2) were assigned to four dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial design for 35 and 48 days, respectively. Factors were mycotoxins (no addition versus experiment 1: 180 μg/kg aflatoxins and 14 mg/kg fumonisins; or experiment 2: 180 μg/kg aflatoxins and 9 mg/kg fumonisins, and 1 mg/kg deoxynivalenol) and YCWE (0% versus 0.2%). Growth performance, blood, gut health and microbiome, and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) data were evaluated. In experiment 1, mycotoxins reduced ADG and G:F, and duodenal IgG, whereas in jejunum, YCWE increased IgG and reduced villus width. In experiment 2, mycotoxins reduced BW, ADG, and ADFI. Mycotoxins reduced ADG, which was recovered by YCWE. Mycotoxins reduced the AID of nutrients evaluated and increased protein carbonyl, whereas mycotoxins and YCWE increased the AID of the nutrients and reduced protein carbonyl. Mycotoxins reduced villus height, proportion of Ki-67-positive cells, and increased IgA and the proportion of bacteria with mycotoxin-degrading ability, whereas YCWE tended to increase villus height and reduced IgA and the proportion of pathogenic bacteria in jejunum. The YCWE effects were more evident in promoting gut health and growth in nursery pigs, which showed higher susceptibility to mycotoxin effects.
Keywords	mycotoxin ; prevention ; reduction strategies ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Proteasa extracelular de un aislado bacteriano Antartico (Bacillus sp. JSP1) con uso potencial como aditivo alimenticio para animales Produção de proteasa extracelular por bactérias antárcticas isoladas, Bacillus sp. JSP1 como um aditivo potencial em concentrado Production of an extracellular protease by an Antarctic bacterial isolate (Bacillus sp. JSP1)as a potential feed additive

Inkyung Park / Jaiesoon Cho

Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias, Vol 24, Iss 1, Pp 11-

2011 Volume 18

Abstract: Se reporta haber encontrado actividad proteolítica extracelular en una bacteria antártica denominada JSP1. Con base en el análisis de secuencia genética 16S ARNr, la cepa fué relacionada con Bacillus sp. La proteasa JSP1 fué parcialmente purificada por ... ...

Abstract	Se reporta haber encontrado actividad proteolítica extracelular en una bacteria antártica denominada JSP1. Con base en el análisis de secuencia genética 16S ARNr, la cepa fué relacionada con Bacillus sp. La proteasa JSP1 fué parcialmente purificada por precipitación con sulfato de amonio. La actividad óptima de la enzima se produjo a 40 ºC y pH 7,4. La actividad enzimática fue significativamente mayor en presencia de Mg2+ y Ca2+ y se inactivó completamente en presencia de Cu2+, Zn2+ , Hg2+ , EDTA y SDS. Entre todos los sustratos ensayados, el más eficientemente hidrolizado por la enzima fue la caseína. La enzima tuvo actividad relativamente alta sobre la queratina y el gluten, y participó activamente contra conjugados peptídicos como la L-Leu-p-nitroanilida y la N-succinil-L-fenilalanina-p-nitroanilida. La enzima podría ofrecer potencial para su uso como aditivo alimenticio ecológico en producción animal. A actividade proteolítica extracelular foi encontrada a partir de uma bactéria antárctica denominada JSP1, mediante uma análises de sequencia do gene 16S rRNA, a cepa foi relacionada para Bacillus sp. A proteasa JSP1 foi parcialmente purificada por precipitação com sulfato de amônia. Uma óptima actividade enzimática ocorreu em 40 ºC e pH 7,4. A actividade da enzima foi significativamente maior na presença de Mg2 + e Ca2 +, e foi completamente inactivada em presença de Cu2 + Zn2 +, Hg2 +, EDTA e SDS. A enzima hidrolisada de caseína foi mais eficaz entre os substratos de proteína testados, apresentando maior actividade na queratina e no glúten e foi activo contra os peptidil conjugados como L-Leu-p Nitroanilida e N-succinil-L-Phe-p-Nitroanilida. A enzima pode ser utilizado como aditivo ambiental na alimentação animal. Extracellular proteolytic activity was found in JSP1, an Antarctic bacterial isolate. The strain was related to Bacillus sp, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The JSP1 protease was partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation. Optimal enzyme activity occurred at 40 C and pH 7.4. Enzyme activity was significantly enhanced in the presence of Mg2+ and Ca2+ and was completely inactivated in presence of Cu2+, Zn2+, Hg2+, EDTA and SDS. The enzyme hydrolyzed casein the most effectively among the protein substrates tested. The enzyme also exhibited relatively high activity on keratin and gluten, and was active against peptidyl conjugates such asL-Leu-p-Nitroanilide and N-Succinyl-L-Phe-p-Nitroanilide. This study suggests that JSP1 protease could be utilized as a potential environmentally-friendly feed additive in animal production.
Keywords	antártida ; aditivo alimenticio ; Bacillus sp ; producción animal ; proteasa queratina ; antarctic ; feed additive ; keratin ; livestock production ; protease ; Animal culture ; SF1-1100 ; Agriculture ; S ; DOAJ:Animal Sciences ; DOAJ:Agriculture and Food Sciences
Language	Spanish
Publishing date	2011-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Dietary Supplementation With Bacillus subtilis Direct-Fed Microbials Alters Chicken Intestinal Metabolite Levels

Inkyung Park / Noah P. Zimmerman / Alexandra H. Smith / Thomas G. Rehberger / Erik. P. Lillehoj / Hyun S. Lillehoj

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol

2020 Volume 7

Abstract: Direct-fed microbials (DFMs) are dietary supplements containing live microorganisms which confer a performance and health benefit to the host, but the mechanisms are unclear. Here, a metabolomics approach was used to identify changes in intestinal ... ...

Abstract	Direct-fed microbials (DFMs) are dietary supplements containing live microorganisms which confer a performance and health benefit to the host, but the mechanisms are unclear. Here, a metabolomics approach was used to identify changes in intestinal metabolite levels in chickens fed an unsupplemented diet or a diet supplemented with B. subtilis strain 1781 or strain 747. Body weight gains of chickens fed the B. subtilis-supplemented diets were increased up to 5.6% in the B. subtilis 1781 group and 7.6% in the B. subtilis 747 group compared with chickens fed the unsupplemented diet. Compared with unsupplemented controls, the levels of 83 metabolites were altered (p < 0.05) (25 increased, 58 decreased) in chickens given the B. subtilis 1781-supplemented diet, while 50 were altered (p < 0.05) (12 increased, 38 decreased) with the B. subtilis 747-supplemented diet. Twenty-two metabolites were altered (p < 0.05) (18 increased, 4 decreased) in the B. subtilis 1781 vs. B. subtilis 747 groups. A random forest analysis of the B. subtilis 1781 vs. control groups gave a predictive accuracy of 87.5%, while that of the B. subtilis 747 vs. control groups was 62.5%. A random forest analysis of the B. subtilis 1781 vs. B. subtilis 747 groups gave a predictive accuracy of 75.0%. Changes in the levels of these intestinal biochemicals provided a distinctive biochemical signature unique to each B. subtilis-supplemented group, and were characterized by alterations in the levels of dipeptides (alanylleucine, glutaminylleucine, phenylalanylalanine, valylglutamine), nucleosides (N1-methyladenosine, N6-methyladenosine, guanine, 2-deoxyguanosine), fatty acids (sebacate, valerylglycine, linoleoylcholine), and carbohydrates (fructose). These results provide the foundation for future studies to identify biochemicals that might be used to improve poultry growth performance in the absence of antibiotic growth promoters.
Keywords	amino acid ; fatty acid ; gut ; metabolomics ; nucleoside ; probiotics ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Subject code	571
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Effects of an enzyme cocktail on digestible and metabolizable energy concentrations in barley, corn, and wheat fed to growing pigs

Park, Chan Sol / Beob Gyun Kim / Inkyung Park

Livestock science. 2016 May, v. 187

2016

Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of an enzyme cocktail (EC), consisting of xylanase, mannanase, and protease, on digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) concentrations in barley, corn, and wheat fed to growing pigs. A ...

Abstract	The objective of this study was to determine the effects of an enzyme cocktail (EC), consisting of xylanase, mannanase, and protease, on digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) concentrations in barley, corn, and wheat fed to growing pigs. A pilot study was conducted to determine the effects of EC on the in vitro ileal dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) in 8 sources of feed ingredient including barley, corn, wheat, canola meal, copra meal, cottonseed meal, palm kernel meal, and soybean meal. The IVDMD was determined in each feed ingredients with or without the 0 or 10g/kg of EC addition. The values for the IVDMD in barley and wheat increased (P<0.05) when the EC was added. However, the EC addition did not affect IVDMD of corn, canola meal, copra meal, cottonseed meal, palm kernel meal, and soybean meal. Based on the pilot study, an animal experiment was conducted to determine the effects of the EC on DE and ME concentrations in barley, corn, and wheat. A 3×2 factorial treatment arrangement with 3 ingredients and 0 or 2g EC/kg was used. Six barrows with 35.8±3.3kg body weight were assigned to 6 dietary treatments in a 6×6 Latin square design. There was no interaction between the ingredient and the EC addition, and the effect of the EC addition was not observed. The apparent total tract digestibility of gross energy in diets containing corn was greater (P<0.05) than diets containing barley, but was less (P<0.05) than diets containing wheat. The concentration of DE in barley, corn, and wheat were 3197, 3376, and 3503kcal/kg (as-fed basis), respectively, and the respective values of ME were 3035, 3304, and 3407kcal/kg (as-fed basis). In conclusion, the DE and ME concentrations in barley, corn, and wheat were not affected by the EC addition.
Keywords	barley ; barrows ; beta-mannosidase ; body weight ; canola meal ; coconut meal ; corn ; cottonseed meal ; diet ; digestibility ; digestible energy ; energy ; ileum ; ingredients ; laboratory animals ; metabolizable energy ; palm kernel meal ; proteinases ; soybean meal ; wheat ; xylanases
Language	English
Dates of publication	2016-05
Size	p. 1-5.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2226176-X
ISSN	1878-0490 ; 1871-1413
ISSN (online)	1878-0490
ISSN	1871-1413
DOI	10.1016/j.livsci.2016.02.003
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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