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Article ; Online: Exploring participant attrition in a longitudinal follow-up of older adults: the Global Longitudinal Study of Osteoporosis in Women (GLOW) Hamilton cohort.

Okpara, Chinenye / Adachi, Jonathan / Papaioannou, Alexandra / Ioannidis, George / Thabane, Lehana

2023 Volume 13, Issue 7, Page(s) e066594

Abstract: Objective: We explored the magnitude of attrition, its pattern and risk factors for different forms of attrition in the cohort from the Global Longitudinal Study of Osteoporosis in Women.: Design: Prospective cohort study.: Setting: Participants ... ...

Abstract	Objective: We explored the magnitude of attrition, its pattern and risk factors for different forms of attrition in the cohort from the Global Longitudinal Study of Osteoporosis in Women. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Participants were recruited from physician practices in Hamilton, Ontario. Participants: Postmenopausal women aged ≥55 years who had consulted their primary care physician within the last 2 years. Outcome measures: Time to all-cause, non-death, death, preventable and non-preventable attrition. Results: All 3985 women enrolled in the study were included in the analyses. The mean age of the cohort was 69.4 (SD: 8.9) years. At the end of the follow-up, 30.2% (1206/3985) of the study participants had either died or were lost to follow-up. The pattern of attrition was monotone with most participants failing to return after a missed survey. The different types of attrition examined shared common risk factors including age, smoking and being frail but differed on factors such as educational level, race, hospitalisation, quality of life and being prefrail. Conclusion: Attrition in this ageing cohort was selective to some participant characteristics. Minimising potential bias associated with such non-random attrition would require targeted measures to achieve maximum possible follow-rates among the high-risk groups identified and dealing with specific reasons for attrition in the study design and analysis.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Aged ; Longitudinal Studies ; Follow-Up Studies ; Prospective Studies ; Quality of Life ; Osteoporosis/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2599832-8
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
ISSN (online)	2044-6055
ISSN	2044-6055
DOI	10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066594
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Article ; Online: Design of a Supraharmonic Monitoring System Based on an FPGA Device.

Barkas, Dimitris A / Ioannidis, George Ch / Kaminaris, Stavros D / Psomopoulos, Constantinos S

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 22, Issue 5

Abstract: During the last few decades, the poor quality of produced electric power is a key factor that has affected the operation of critical electrical infrastructure such as high-voltage equipment. This type of equipment exhibits multiple different failures, ... ...

Abstract	During the last few decades, the poor quality of produced electric power is a key factor that has affected the operation of critical electrical infrastructure such as high-voltage equipment. This type of equipment exhibits multiple different failures, which originate from the poor electric power quality. This phenomenon is basically due to the utilization of high-frequency switching devices that operate over modern electrical generation systems, such as PV inverters. The conduction of significant values of electric currents at high frequencies in the range of 2 to 150 kHz can be destructive for electrical and electronic equipment and should be measured. However, the measuring devices that have the ability of analyzing a signal in the frequency domain present the ability of analyzing up to 2.5 kHz-3 kHz, which are frequencies too low in comparison to the high switching frequencies that inverters, for example, work. Electric currents at 16 kHz were successfully measured on an 8 kWp roof PV generator. This paper presents a fast-developed modern measuring system, using a field programmable gate array, aiming to detect electric currents at high frequencies, with a capability for working up to 150 kHz. The system was tested in the laboratory, and the results are satisfactory.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s22052027
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Article ; Online: Automatic Radar-Based Step Length Measurement in the Home for Older Adults Living with Frailty.

Siva, Parthipan / Wong, Alexander / Hewston, Patricia / Ioannidis, George / Adachi, Jonathan / Rabinovich, Alexander / Lee, Andrea W / Papaioannou, Alexandra

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

2024 Volume 24, Issue 4

Abstract: With an aging population, numerous assistive and monitoring technologies are under development to enable older adults to age in place. To facilitate aging in place, predicting risk factors such as falls and hospitalization and providing early ... ...

Abstract	With an aging population, numerous assistive and monitoring technologies are under development to enable older adults to age in place. To facilitate aging in place, predicting risk factors such as falls and hospitalization and providing early interventions are important. Much of the work on ambient monitoring for risk prediction has centered on gait speed analysis, utilizing privacy-preserving sensors like radar. Despite compelling evidence that monitoring step length in addition to gait speed is crucial for predicting risk, radar-based methods have not explored step length measurement in the home. Furthermore, laboratory experiments on step length measurement using radars are limited to proof-of-concept studies with few healthy subjects. To address this gap, a radar-based step length measurement system for the home is proposed based on detection and tracking using a radar point cloud followed by Doppler speed profiling of the torso to obtain step lengths in the home. The proposed method was evaluated in a clinical environment involving 35 frail older adults to establish its validity. Additionally, the method was assessed in people's homes, with 21 frail older adults who had participated in the clinical assessment. The proposed radar-based step length measurement method was compared to the gold-standard Zeno Walkway Gait Analysis System, revealing a 4.5 cm/8.3% error in a clinical setting. Furthermore, it exhibited excellent reliability (ICC(2,k) = 0.91, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.96) in uncontrolled home settings. The method also proved accurate in uncontrolled home settings, as indicated by a strong consistency (ICC(3,k) = 0.81 (95% CI 0.53 to 0.92)) between home measurements and in-clinic assessments.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aged ; Frailty ; Radar ; Reproducibility of Results ; Independent Living ; Walking Speed ; Gait
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s24041056
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Article ; Online: Correction: Associations between Social Isolation Index and changes in grip strength, gait speed, bone mineral density (BMD), and self-reported incident fractures among older adults: Results from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA).

Lee, Ahreum / McArthur, Caitlin / Ioannidis, George / Mayhew, Alexandra / Adachi, Jonathan D / Griffith, Lauren E / Thabane, Lehana / Papaioannou, Alexandra

PloS one

2024 Volume 19, Issue 2, Page(s) e0298923

Abstract: This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292788.]. ...

Abstract	[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292788.].
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0298923
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Article ; Online: Axial Spondyloarthritis: Does Magnetic Resonance Imaging Classification Improve Report Interpretation.

O'Neill, John / Dhillon, Sandeep S / Ma, Christina Tianyun / Stubbs, Euan Graeme Crowther / Khalidi, Nader A / Ioannidis, George / Beattie, Karen A / Carmona, Raj

Journal of clinical rheumatology : practical reports on rheumatic & musculoskeletal diseases

2024 Volume 30, Issue 4, Page(s) 145–150

Abstract: Objective: The interpretation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reports is crucial for the diagnosis of axial spondyloarthritis, but the subjective nature of narrative reports can lead to varying interpretations. This study presents a validation of a ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The interpretation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reports is crucial for the diagnosis of axial spondyloarthritis, but the subjective nature of narrative reports can lead to varying interpretations. This study presents a validation of a novel MRI reporting system for the sacroiliac joint in clinical practice. Methods: A historical review was conducted on 130 consecutive patients referred by 2 rheumatologists for initial MRI assessment of possible axial spondyloarthritis. The original MRI reports were interpreted by the rheumatologists and the radiologist who originally read the images and then categorized according to the novel system. Two musculoskeletal radiologists then reinterpreted the original MRI scans using the new system, and the resulting reports were interpreted and categorized by the same rheumatologists. The quality of the new framework was assessed by comparing the interpretations of both reports. Results: Ninety-two patients met the study criteria. The rheumatologists disagreed on the categorization of the original MRI reports in 12% of cases. The rheumatologists and original radiologists disagreed on the categorization of the initial report in 23.4% of cases. In contrast, there was 100% agreement between the rheumatologists and radiologists on the categorization of the new MRI report. Conclusion: The new MRI categorization system significantly improved the agreement between the clinician and radiologist in report interpretation. The system provided a standard vocabulary for reporting, reduced variability in report interpretation, and may therefore improve clinical decision-making.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Female ; Sacroiliac Joint/diagnostic imaging ; Sacroiliac Joint/pathology ; Male ; Adult ; Axial Spondyloarthritis/diagnostic imaging ; Middle Aged ; Reproducibility of Results ; Rheumatologists
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Validation Study
ZDB-ID	1283266-2
ISSN	1536-7355 ; 1076-1608
ISSN (online)	1536-7355
ISSN	1076-1608
DOI	10.1097/RHU.0000000000002079
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Article ; Online: The reporting and handling of missing data in longitudinal studies of older adults is suboptimal: a methodological survey of geriatric journals.

Okpara, Chinenye / Edokwe, Chidozie / Ioannidis, George / Papaioannou, Alexandra / Adachi, Jonathan D / Thabane, Lehana

BMC medical research methodology

2022 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 122

Abstract: Background: Missing data are common in longitudinal studies, and more so, in studies of older adults, who are susceptible to health and functional decline that limit completion of assessments. We assessed the extent, current reporting, and handling of ... ...

Abstract	Background: Missing data are common in longitudinal studies, and more so, in studies of older adults, who are susceptible to health and functional decline that limit completion of assessments. We assessed the extent, current reporting, and handling of missing data in longitudinal studies of older adults. Methods: Medline and Embase databases were searched from 2015 to 2019 for publications on longitudinal observational studies conducted among persons ≥55 years old. The search was restricted to 10 general geriatric journals published in English. Reporting and handling of missing data were assessed using questions developed from the recommended standards. Data were summarised descriptively as frequencies and proportions. Results: A total of 165 studies were included in the review from 7032 identified records. In approximately half of the studies 97 (62.5%), there was either no comment on missing data or unclear descriptions. The percentage of missing data varied from 0.1 to 55%, with a 14% average among the studies that reported having missing data. Complete case analysis was the most common method for handling missing data with nearly 75% of the studies (n = 52) excluding individual observations due to missing data, at the initial phase of study inclusion or at the analysis stage. Of the 10 studies where multiple imputation was used, only 1 (10.0%) study followed the guideline for reporting the procedure fully using online supplementary documents. Conclusion: The current reporting and handling of missing data in longitudinal observational studies of older adults are inadequate. Journal endorsement and implementation of guidelines may potentially improve the quality of missing data reporting. Further, authors should be encouraged to use online supplementary files to provide additional details on how missing data were addressed, to allow for more transparency and comprehensive appraisal of studies.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Databases, Factual ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Middle Aged ; Periodicals as Topic ; Research Design ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2041362-2
ISSN	1471-2288 ; 1471-2288
ISSN (online)	1471-2288
ISSN	1471-2288
DOI	10.1186/s12874-022-01605-w
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Article ; Online: Associations between Social Isolation Index and changes in grip strength, gait speed, bone mineral density (BMD), and self-reported incident fractures among older adults: Results from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA).

Lee, Ahreum / McArthur, Caitlin / Ioannidis, George / Mayhew, Alexandra / Adachi, Jonathan D / Griffith, Lauren E / Thabane, Lehana / Papaioannou, Alexandra

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 10, Page(s) e0292788

Abstract: Background: The aim is to investigate whether social isolation and loneliness are associated with changes in grip strength, gait speed, BMD, and fractures.: Methods: Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) Comprehensive Cohort participants aged ... ...

Abstract	Background: The aim is to investigate whether social isolation and loneliness are associated with changes in grip strength, gait speed, BMD, and fractures. Methods: Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) Comprehensive Cohort participants aged 65 years and older at baseline (2012-2015) who completed the three-year follow-up interview (2015-2018) were included in this analysis (n = 11,344). Social isolation and loneliness were measured using the CLSA social isolation index (CLSA-SII, range 0-10). We calculated absolute and percent change in grip strength (kg) and gait speed (m/s) and annualized absolute (g/cm2) and percent change in femoral neck and total hip BMD during the three-year follow-up. Self-reported incident fractures of all skeletal sites in the previous 12 months were measured at three-year follow-up. Multivariable analyses were conducted. Odd ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) are reported. Results: The mean age (standard deviation [SD]) was 72.9 (5.6) years and 49.9% were female. The mean (SD) of CLSA-SII at baseline was 3.5 (1.4). Mean absolute and percentage change (SD) in grip strength (kg) and gait speed (m/s) were -1.33 (4.60), -3.02% (16.65), and -0.05 (0.17), -3.06% (19.28) during the three-year follow-up, respectively. Mean annualized absolute (g/cm2) and percentage change (SD) in femoral neck and total hip BMD were -0.004 (0.010), -0.47% (1.43) and -0.005 (0.009), -0.57% (1.09), respectively. 345 (3.1%) participants had incident fractures. As CLSA-SII increased (per one unit change), participants had 1.13 (adjusted OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.01-1.27) times greater odds for incident fractures. The interaction term between the CLSA-SII and centre for epidemiology studies depression 9 scale (CES-D 9) for self-reported incident fractures was shown (interaction OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.04). Conclusions: Socially isolated and lonely older adults were more likely to have had incident fractures, but social isolation was not associated with the three-year changes in grip strength, gait speed, or BMD.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Aged ; Male ; Bone Density ; Longitudinal Studies ; Walking Speed ; Self Report ; Canada/epidemiology ; Aging ; Fractures, Bone/epidemiology ; Social Isolation ; Hand Strength
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0292788
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Article ; Online: Associations between Osteosarcopenia and Falls, Fractures, and Frailty in Older Adults: Results From the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA).

Lee, Ahreum / McArthur, Caitlin / Ioannidis, George / Duque, Gustavo / Adachi, Jonathan D / Griffith, Lauren E / Thabane, Lehana / Papaioannou, Alexandra

Journal of the American Medical Directors Association

2023 Volume 25, Issue 1, Page(s) 167–176.e6

Abstract: Objective: To explore if older adults with osteosarcopenia are at a greater risk of falls, fractures, frailty, and worsening life satisfaction and activities of daily living (ADL) compared to those with normal bone mineral density (BMD) and without ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To explore if older adults with osteosarcopenia are at a greater risk of falls, fractures, frailty, and worsening life satisfaction and activities of daily living (ADL) compared to those with normal bone mineral density (BMD) and without sarcopenia. Design: The baseline and 3-year follow-up of a longitudinal study. Setting and participants: Community-dwelling people aged 65 years or older in Canada. Methods: Caucasian participants 65 years or older that completed the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) 2015 baseline interview, physical measurements and 3-year follow-up were included. Osteopenia/osteoporosis was defined as BMD T score below -1 SD according to the World Health Organization, and sarcopenia was defined as low grip strength and/or low gait speed according to the Sarcopenia Definition Outcomes Consortium. Osteosarcopenia was defined as the coexistence of osteopenia/osteoporosis and sarcopenia. Self-reported incident falls and fractures in the last 12 months before the 3-year follow-up were measured. Frailty was assessed through the Rockwood Frailty Index (FI); life satisfaction through the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS); and ADL through the Older American Resources and Services modules. Multivariable logistic and linear regression, including subgroup analyses by sex, were conducted. Results: The sample of 8888 participants (49.1% females) had a mean age (SD) of 72.7 (5.6) years. At baseline, neither osteopenia/osteoporosis nor sarcopenia (reference group) was present in 30.1%, sarcopenia only in 18.4%, osteopenia/osteoporosis only in 29.2%, and osteosarcopenia in 22.3%. Osteosarcopenia was significantly associated with incident falls and fractures in males [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 1.90, 95% CI 1.15, 3.14, and aOR 2.60, 95% CI 1.14, 5.91, respectively] compared to males without osteopenia/osteoporosis or sarcopenia. Participants with osteosarcopenia had worsening ADL of 0.110 (estimated β coefficient 0.110, 95% CI 0.029, 0.192) and a decrease in their SWLS by 0.660 (estimated β coefficient -0.660, 95% CI -1.133, -0.187), compared to those without. Osteosarcopenia was not associated with frailty for both males and females. Conclusions and implications: Osteosarcopenia was associated with self-reported incident falls and fractures in males and worse life satisfaction and ADL for all participants. Assessing and identifying osteosarcopenia is essential for preventing falls and fractures. Furthermore, it improves life satisfaction and ADL.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Female ; Humans ; Aged ; Sarcopenia/epidemiology ; Sarcopenia/complications ; Longitudinal Studies ; Activities of Daily Living ; Frailty/epidemiology ; Canada/epidemiology ; Fractures, Bone/epidemiology ; Osteoporosis/epidemiology ; Osteoporosis/complications ; Aging
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2171030-2
ISSN	1538-9375 ; 1525-8610
ISSN (online)	1538-9375
ISSN	1525-8610
DOI	10.1016/j.jamda.2023.09.027
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Book ; Online: Step length measurement in the wild using FMCW radar

Siva, Parthipan / Wong, Alexander / Hewston, Patricia / Ioannidis, George / Adachi, Dr. Jonathan / Rabinovich, Dr. Alexander / Lee, Andrea / Papaioannou, Alexandra

2024

Abstract: With an aging population, numerous assistive and monitoring technologies are under development to enable older adults to age in place. To facilitate aging in place predicting risk factors such as falls, and hospitalization and providing early ... ...

Abstract	With an aging population, numerous assistive and monitoring technologies are under development to enable older adults to age in place. To facilitate aging in place predicting risk factors such as falls, and hospitalization and providing early interventions are important. Much of the work on ambient monitoring for risk prediction has centered on gait speed analysis, utilizing privacy-preserving sensors like radar. Despite compelling evidence that monitoring step length, in addition to gait speed, is crucial for predicting risk, radar-based methods have not explored step length measurement in the home. Furthermore, laboratory experiments on step length measurement using radars are limited to proof of concept studies with few healthy subjects. To address this gap, a radar-based step length measurement system for the home is proposed based on detection and tracking using radar point cloud, followed by Doppler speed profiling of the torso to obtain step lengths in the home. The proposed method was evaluated in a clinical environment, involving 35 frail older adults, to establish its validity. Additionally, the method was assessed in people's homes, with 21 frail older adults who had participated in the clinical assessment. The proposed radar-based step length measurement method was compared to the gold standard Zeno Walkway Gait Analysis System, revealing a 4.5cm/8.3% error in a clinical setting. Furthermore, it exhibited excellent reliability (ICC(2,k)=0.91, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.96) in uncontrolled home settings. The method also proved accurate in uncontrolled home settings, as indicated by a strong agreement (ICC(3,k)=0.81 (95% CI 0.53 to 0.92)) between home measurements and in-clinic assessments.
Keywords	Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ; I.5.4 ; C.3 ; J.7
Publishing date	2024-01-03
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Mapping sedentary behaviour (MAPS-B) in winter and spring using wearable sensors, indoor positioning systems, and diaries in older adults who are pre-frail and frail: A feasibility longitudinal study.

Rodrigues, Isabel B / Tariq, Suleman / Kouroukis, Alexa / Swance, Rachel / Adachi, Jonathan / Bray, Steven / Fang, Qiyin / Ioannidis, George / Kobsar, Dylan / Rabinovich, Alexander / Papaioannou, Alexandra / Zheng, Rong

PloS one

2024 Volume 19, Issue 5, Page(s) e0290197

Abstract: Older adults who are frail are likely to be sedentary. Prior interventions to reduce sedentary time in older adults have not been effective as there is little research about the context of sedentary behaviour (posture, location, purpose, social ... ...

Abstract	Older adults who are frail are likely to be sedentary. Prior interventions to reduce sedentary time in older adults have not been effective as there is little research about the context of sedentary behaviour (posture, location, purpose, social environment). Moreover, there is limited evidence on feasible measures to assess context of sedentary behaviour in older adults. The aim of our study was to determine the feasibility of measuring context of sedentary behaviour in older adults with pre-frailty or frailty using a combination of objective and self-report measures. We defined "feasibility process" using recruitment (20 participants within two-months), retention (85%), and refusal (20%) rates and "feasibility resource" if the measures capture context and can be linked (e.g., sitting-kitchen-eating-alone) and are all participants willing to use the measures. Context was assessed using a wearable sensor to assess posture, a smart home monitoring system for location, and an electronic or hard-copy diary for purpose and social context over three days in winter and spring. We approached 80 potential individuals, and 58 expressed interest; of the 58 individuals, 37 did not enroll due to lack of interest or medical mistrust (64% refusal). We recruited 21 older adults (72±7.3 years, 13 females, 13 frail) within two months and experienced two dropouts due to medical mistrust or worsening health (90% retention). The wearable sensor, indoor positioning system, and electronic diary accurately captured one domain of context, but the hard copy was often not completed with enough detail, so it was challenging to link it to the other devices. Although not all participants were willing to use the wearable sensor, indoor positioning system, or electronic diary, we were able to triage the measures of those who did. The use of wearable sensors and electronic diaries may be a feasible method to assess context of sedentary behaviour, but more research is needed with device-based measures in diverse groups.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aged ; Female ; Male ; Sedentary Behavior ; Longitudinal Studies ; Feasibility Studies ; Wearable Electronic Devices ; Seasons ; Frail Elderly ; Aged, 80 and over ; Self Report ; Geographic Information Systems
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0290197
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