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Book ; Online ; E-Book: Waste Problems and Management in Developing Countries

Riaz, Umair / Iqbal, Shazia / Jamil, Moazzam

2023

Abstract: This new volume offers effective solutions to the mismanagement of waste, particularly in developing countries, by providing an understanding of different types of wastes, their generation, and use of advanced technologies for waste management, and by ... ...

Author's details	edited by Umair Riaz, Shazia Iqbal, and Moazzam Jamil
Abstract	"This new volume offers effective solutions to the mismanagement of waste, particularly in developing countries, by providing an understanding of different types of wastes, their generation, and use of advanced technologies for waste management, and by focusing on integrating the technical and regulatory complexities of waste management. Waste Problems and Management in Developing Countries provides a comprehensive overview of the characterization, issues, and regulatory development of waste management for sustainable solutions and prevention techniques. It covers the various types of pollution, including pollution from plastics, industrial activities, metals, livestock, healthcare, food loss and waste, etc. It explores new techniques for thermal and radioactive waste management and includes such methods as vermicomposting and composting for organic wastes management and profitable use. The volume also looks at the role of modern technologies and legislation measures to manage biosolid waste. The volume includes numerous data sets obtained from various surveys and highlights special categories of waste that may not fit precisely into either RCRA Subtitle D (solid wastes) or Subtitle C (hazardous wastes). Academicians, researchers, and students will find the volume to be a comprehensible volume about waste management and its diversity, exploration, exploitation, and management strategies"--
Keywords	Refuse and refuse disposal ; Factory and trade waste
Subject code	363.728091724
Language	English
Size	1 online resource (491 pages)
Publisher	Apple Academic Press Inc
Publishing place	Palm Bay, FL
Document type	Book ; Online ; E-Book
Note	Includes index.
Remark	Zugriff für angemeldete ZB MED-Nutzerinnen und -Nutzer
ISBN	1-00-328362-4 ; 1-000-57731-7 ; 1-003-28362-4 ; 1-77491-054-3 ; 978-1-00-328362-1 ; 978-1-000-57731-0 ; 978-1-003-28362-1 ; 978-1-77491-054-2
Database	ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article ; Online: A comparative study based on localized surface plasmon resonance optical characteristics of green synthesized nanoparticles towards spectrophotometric determination of cupric ions

Shahzadi, Tayyaba / Iqbal, Shazia / Riaz, Tauheeda / Zaib, Maria

Journal of Taibah University for Science. 2022 Dec. 31, v. 16, no. 1 p.912-922

2022

Abstract: In this study, green synthesis of monometallic (Ag) and bimetallic (Ag-Ni) nanoparticles is carried out. UV-Visible spectra illustrated peaks at 463 and 429 nm for monometallic and bimetallic nanoparticles. FTIR spectra analysis revealed the presence of ... ...

Abstract	In this study, green synthesis of monometallic (Ag) and bimetallic (Ag-Ni) nanoparticles is carried out. UV-Visible spectra illustrated peaks at 463 and 429 nm for monometallic and bimetallic nanoparticles. FTIR spectra analysis revealed the presence of different functional groups. SEM and EDX elaborated on the morphology and indicate the presence of respective elemental peaks. XRD data calculations predicted the size of monometallic and bimetallic to be 42 and 25 nm. In the end, the biosynthesized nanoparticles are used as a spectrophotometric probe for the determination of cupric ions. Different parameters are studied and optimized on a standard aqueous solution. Monometallic nanoparticles showed an optimum response in a slightly alkaline medium within 12.5 min of contact time for 8 μM analyte concentration. While bimetallic nanoparticles attained this target in a shorter contact time with a higher concentration value. Then these optimized conditions are utilized for the determination of cupric ions in real water samples.
Keywords	aqueous solutions ; biosynthesis ; comparative study ; nanoparticles ; surface plasmon resonance ; Araucaria bidwilli ; plant extract ; green synthesized nanoparticle ; copper ions
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-1231
Size	p. 912-922.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2834710-9
ISSN	1658-3655
ISSN	1658-3655
DOI	10.1080/16583655.2022.2123206
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Analysis of heavy metals as toxic elements in cosmetics available at local markets of Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan

Rasheed, Habiba / Iqbal, Shazia / Ullah, Hamid / Akbar, Ali / Farooqi, Abida / Syed, Shazia

International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry. 2023 Jan. 02, v. 103, no. 1 p.57-70

2023

Abstract: This study was undertaken in order to determine heavy metal content in fifty-two (n = 52) cosmetic products both imported, locally manufactured and marketed at Quetta, Balochistan. An analytical test was performed for six heavy metal contents in cosmetic ...

Abstract	This study was undertaken in order to determine heavy metal content in fifty-two (n = 52) cosmetic products both imported, locally manufactured and marketed at Quetta, Balochistan. An analytical test was performed for six heavy metal contents in cosmetic products using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The heavy metal which was determined in cosmetic products are Pb, Cr, Mn, Zn, Cu and Fe. The results obtained in this study showed that the concentration of Mn, Zn, Cr and Cu in the analysed samples of each class was relatively higher. It is emphasised that the spurious nature of these products cannot be ignored because developing countries are facing problems to prepare good cosmetics. Hence, some of the vendors are selling locally made products under the brand name of well-reputed national and international companies. Since no safe limit relating to cosmetic products is yet established in Pakistan, therefore, it is difficult to ascertain if the metal concentration values obtained in this study are too high or low. However, literature revealed that prolonged use of such products comprising heavy metals in excess can carry a potential threat to human health and could curb the beauty of the environment.
Keywords	analytical chemistry ; atomic absorption spectrometry ; cosmetics ; heavy metals ; human health ; toxicity ; Pakistan ; Analysis ; toxic elements ; environmental aspects
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0102
Size	p. 57-70.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	120480-4
ISSN	1029-0397 ; 0306-7319 ; 0092-9085
ISSN (online)	1029-0397
ISSN	0306-7319 ; 0092-9085
DOI	10.1080/03067319.2020.1850707
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Article: Physicians' Practice of the Non-Cosmetic Uses of Botulinum Toxin: A Cross-Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia.

Alzarah, Sarah A / Alabasi, Huda / Alanazi, Lujain / Aldawsari, Munirah / Aldawsari, Etedal / Iqbal, Shazia

Cureus

2022 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) e21326

Abstract: Background Although botulinum toxin (BTX) has mainly been used cosmetically and therapeutically, its field of application is expanding. So far, BTX has shown promising outcomes in the management of a wide variety of medical conditions that are difficult ... ...

Abstract	Background Although botulinum toxin (BTX) has mainly been used cosmetically and therapeutically, its field of application is expanding. So far, BTX has shown promising outcomes in the management of a wide variety of medical conditions that are difficult to treat. Objectives We assessed physicians' knowledge and experience regarding the non-cosmetic use of BTX in different clinical settings. Methods This is a cross-sectional survey that was conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and included physicians from different specialties, with different levels of training, and from different working hospitals. Data were collected by using a self-administered survey to assess physicians' knowledge, experience, current practice, and specific training in relation to Botox administration for non-cosmetic use. Results Most participants were residents (76.19%) and specialized in internal medicine (27.62%). The majority worked in governmental hospitals (76.19%). About 73% of our sample were aware of the non-cosmetic indications of BTX, but only 44% and 55% were aware of its contraindications and adverse effects, respectively. Less than one-third (31%) of respondents administered BTX injections in their clinical practice, and about 66% of respondents had two to five years of experience giving BTX injections. The most commonly treated conditions were spastic disorders, dystonia, and then migraine. Only 4.7% and 3.6% used validated scales or instruments for planning treatment with BTX, respectively, while about 36% opted for clinical evaluation only. More experience and training in giving BTX injections significantly predicted increased awareness of adverse effects and contraindications of non-cosmetic uses. Conclusions The majority of specialty groups in our sample were aware of the non-cosmetic applications of botulinum toxin but did not use them to the same extent in their practice. Additionally, only a minority wished for further education on injection practices. The finding of insufficient knowledge about contraindications and the adverse effects of injections in a large number of participants, however, highlights the need for increased education, especially given the wide range of non-cosmetic applications and benefits that BTX can have for a variety of diseases.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.21326
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Article: Indole-linked 1,2,3-triazole derivatives efficiently modulate COX-2 protein and PGE2 levels in human THP-1 monocytes by suppressing AGE-ROS-NF-kβ nexus

Jahan, Humera / Siddiqui, Nimra Naz / Iqbal, Shazia / Basha, Fatima Z. / Khan, Maria Aqeel / Aslam, Tooba / Choudhary, M. Iqbal

Life sciences. 2022 Feb. 15, v. 291

2022

Abstract: AGEs augment inflammatory responses by activating inflammatory cascade in monocytes, and hence lead to vascular dysfunction. The current study aims to study a plausible role and mechanism of a new library of indole-tethered 1,2,3-triazoles 2-13 in AGEs- ... ...

Abstract	AGEs augment inflammatory responses by activating inflammatory cascade in monocytes, and hence lead to vascular dysfunction. The current study aims to study a plausible role and mechanism of a new library of indole-tethered 1,2,3-triazoles 2-13 in AGEs-induced inflammation. Initially, the analogs 2-13 were synthesized by cycloaddition reaction between prop-2-yn-1-yl-2-(1H-indol-3-yl) acetate (1) and azidoacetophenone (1a). In vitro glycation, and metabolic assays were employed to investigate antiglycation and cytotoxicity activities of new indole-triazoles. DCFH-DA, immunostaining, Western blotting, and ELISA techniques were used to study the reactive oxygen species (ROS), and pro-inflammatory mediators levels. Among all the synthesized indole-triazoles, compounds 1-3, and 9-13, and their precursor molecule 1 were found to be active against AGEs production in in vitro glucose- and methylglyoxal (MGO)-BSA models. Compounds 1-2, and 11-13 were also found to be nontoxic against HEPG2, and THP-1 cells. Our results show that pretreatment of THP-1 monocytes with selected lead compounds 1-2, and 11-13, particularly compounds 12, and 13, reduced glucose- and MGO-derived AGEs-mediated ROS production (P < 0.001), as compared to standards, PDTC, rutin, and quercetin. They also significantly (P < 0.001) suppressed NF-ĸB translocation in THP-1 monocytes. Moreover, compounds 12, and 13 attenuated the AGEs-induced COX-2 protein levels (P < 0.001), and PGE₂ production (P < 0.001) in THP-1 monocytes. Our data revealed that the indole-triazoles 12, and 13 can significantly attenuate the AGEs-induced proinflammatory COX-2 levels, and associated PGE₂ production by suppressing AGE-ROS-NF-Kβ nexus in THP-1 monocytes. These compounds can thus serve as leads for further evaluation as treatment to delay early onset of diabetic complications.
Keywords	cycloaddition reactions ; cytotoxicity ; glycation ; humans ; inflammation ; monocytes ; quercetin ; reactive oxygen species ; rutin
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0215
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	3378-9
ISSN	1879-0631 ; 0024-3205
ISSN (online)	1879-0631
ISSN	0024-3205
DOI	10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120282
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Article ; Online: Suppression of COX-2/PGE

Jahan, Humera / Siddiqui, Nimra Naz / Iqbal, Shazia / Basha, Fatima Z / Shaikh, Sadia / Pizzi, Marina / Choudhary, M Iqbal

Cellular signalling

2022 Volume 97, Page(s) 110372

Abstract: Chronic hyperglycemia favours the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) which are responsible of many diabetic vascular complications. Keeping in view the medicinal properties of the1,2,3-triazole-conjugated analogs, the present study was ... ...

Abstract	Chronic hyperglycemia favours the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) which are responsible of many diabetic vascular complications. Keeping in view the medicinal properties of the1,2,3-triazole-conjugated analogs, the present study was designed to evaluate the possible effect of carbazole-linked 1,2,3-triazoles 2-16 against glucose- and methylglyoxal-AGEs-induced inflammation in human THP-1 monocytes. In vitro antiglycation, and metabolic assays were used to determine antiglycation, and cytotoxicity activities. DCFH-DA, immunostaining, immunoblotting, and ELISA techniques were employed to study the ROS and levels of proinflammatory mediators in THP-1 monocytes. Among all the synthesized carbazole-linked 1,2,3 triazoles, compounds 2, 7, 8, and 11-16 showed antiglycation activity in glucose- and MGO-modified bovine serum albumin models, whereas parent compound 1 only exhibited activity in glucose-BSA model. The metabolic assay demonstrated the non-toxic profile of compounds 1-2, 11-13, and 15 up to 100 μM concentration in both HepG2 and THP-1 cell lines. We found that compounds 11-13, and 15 attenuated AGEs-induced ROS formation (P < 0.001), and halted NF-ĸB translocation (P < 0.001), likewise standard drugs, PDTC, rutin, and quercetin, in THP-1 monocytes. Among the derivatives, compounds 12, and 13 also suppressed the AGEs-induced elevation of COX-2 (P < 0.001) and PGE
MeSH term(s)	Carbazoles/metabolism ; Carbazoles/pharmacology ; Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism ; Diabetic Angiopathies/metabolism ; Dinoprostone/metabolism ; Glucose/metabolism ; Glycation End Products, Advanced ; Humans ; Monocytes/metabolism ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Pyruvaldehyde/pharmacology ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Triazoles/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Carbazoles ; Glycation End Products, Advanced ; NF-kappa B ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Triazoles ; Pyruvaldehyde (722KLD7415) ; Cyclooxygenase 2 (EC 1.14.99.1) ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2) ; Dinoprostone (K7Q1JQR04M)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1002702-6
ISSN	1873-3913 ; 0898-6568
ISSN (online)	1873-3913
ISSN	0898-6568
DOI	10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110372
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Article ; Online: Indole-linked 1,2,3-triazole derivatives efficiently modulate COX-2 protein and PGE

Jahan, Humera / Siddiqui, Nimra Naz / Iqbal, Shazia / Basha, Fatima Z / Khan, Maria Aqeel / Aslam, Tooba / Choudhary, M Iqbal

Life sciences

2022 Volume 291, Page(s) 120282

Abstract: Aims: AGEs augment inflammatory responses by activating inflammatory cascade in monocytes, and hence lead to vascular dysfunction. The current study aims to study a plausible role and mechanism of a new library of indole-tethered 1,2,3-triazoles 2-13 in ...

Abstract	Aims: AGEs augment inflammatory responses by activating inflammatory cascade in monocytes, and hence lead to vascular dysfunction. The current study aims to study a plausible role and mechanism of a new library of indole-tethered 1,2,3-triazoles 2-13 in AGEs-induced inflammation. Material and methods: Initially, the analogs 2-13 were synthesized by cycloaddition reaction between prop-2-yn-1-yl-2-(1H-indol-3-yl) acetate (1) and azidoacetophenone (1a). In vitro glycation, and metabolic assays were employed to investigate antiglycation and cytotoxicity activities of new indole-triazoles. DCFH-DA, immunostaining, Western blotting, and ELISA techniques were used to study the reactive oxygen species (ROS), and pro-inflammatory mediators levels. Key findings: Among all the synthesized indole-triazoles, compounds 1-3, and 9-13, and their precursor molecule 1 were found to be active against AGEs production in in vitro glucose- and methylglyoxal (MGO)-BSA models. Compounds 1-2, and 11-13 were also found to be nontoxic against HEPG2, and THP-1 cells. Our results show that pretreatment of THP-1 monocytes with selected lead compounds 1-2, and 11-13, particularly compounds 12, and 13, reduced glucose- and MGO-derived AGEs-mediated ROS production (P < 0.001), as compared to standards, PDTC, rutin, and quercetin. They also significantly (P < 0.001) suppressed NF-ĸB translocation in THP-1 monocytes. Moreover, compounds 12, and 13 attenuated the AGEs-induced COX-2 protein levels (P < 0.001), and PGE Significance: Our data revealed that the indole-triazoles 12, and 13 can significantly attenuate the AGEs-induced proinflammatory COX-2 levels, and associated PGE
MeSH term(s)	Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Dinoprostone/metabolism ; Glycation End Products, Advanced/drug effects ; Glycation End Products, Advanced/metabolism ; Humans ; Indoles/chemistry ; Indoles/pharmacology ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Inflammation Mediators/metabolism ; Monocytes/metabolism ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; THP-1 Cells ; Triazoles/chemistry ; Triazoles/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Cytokines ; Glycation End Products, Advanced ; Indoles ; Inflammation Mediators ; NF-kappa B ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Triazoles ; Cyclooxygenase 2 (EC 1.14.99.1) ; Dinoprostone (K7Q1JQR04M)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-04
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3378-9
ISSN	1879-0631 ; 0024-3205
ISSN (online)	1879-0631
ISSN	0024-3205
DOI	10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120282
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Article ; Online: Outcome-based education: evaluation, implementation and faculty development.

Iqbal, Shazia / Willis, Ian / H Almigbal, Turky / Aldahmash, Abdullah / Rastam, Samer

MedEdPublish (2016)

2020 Volume 9, Page(s) 121

Abstract: This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Developments in Outcome-based education (OBE) and innovative shifts in its pedagogical approaches have reshaped the learning environment of curricula at medical schools. This instructional ...

Abstract	This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Developments in Outcome-based education (OBE) and innovative shifts in its pedagogical approaches have reshaped the learning environment of curricula at medical schools. This instructional design has gained popularity due to its authenticity and systematic approach. However, this needs organized supervision and faculty training in order to achieve the desired goals for the program.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-16
Publishing country	Scotland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2312-7996
ISSN (online)	2312-7996
DOI	10.15694/mep.2020.000121.1
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Article ; Online: A CREATIVE approach to designing a contemporary medical curriculum.

Iqbal, Shazia / Ahmad, Shahzad / Taylor, David / McIsaac, Jaye / H Almigbal, Turky

MedEdPublish (2016)

2020 Volume 9, Page(s) 38

Abstract: This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. In medical education, Outcome-based Education (OBE) is facing many challenges due to the rapid proliferation in biomedical sciences; technology-enhanced learning; globalization of health ... ...

Abstract	This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. In medical education, Outcome-based Education (OBE) is facing many challenges due to the rapid proliferation in biomedical sciences; technology-enhanced learning; globalization of health system, and the availability of various pedagogical techniques. A steady stream of evidence-based developments challenges those who are responsible for sustaining and improving their medical curricula. Curriculum reform is a dynamic process and there is no explicit approach that can serve as a guide for a curriculum reviewer while making amendments in the OBE integrated curriculum. This study took place in a medical college in Saudi Arabia and it highlights the key components to be considered while reviewing the Bachelor in Medicine and Surgery (MBBS) course specifications and curriculum. It suggests the importance of course reports as the main driving force for curriculum reforms. Delineating major and minor changes in the curriculum and frequency of amendments in course specifications also remains a questionable task and requires established institutional guidelines. Furthermore, based on practical experience in the periodic curriculum review process, the authors suggest some best practice. We present a
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-06
Publishing country	Scotland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2312-7996
ISSN (online)	2312-7996
DOI	10.15694/mep.2020.000038.1
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Article: Prevalence of sleep disturbance and anxiety due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia.

Iqbal, Shazia / Alanazi, Reem Fahad / Alahmed, Ali Hussain / Alnakhli, Anwar Faleh / Alghanim, Mohammed Hejji / Alghamdi, Manal Abdullah Ali / Ahmad, Shahzad

Sleep science (Sao Paulo, Brazil)

2021 Volume 14, Issue Spec 1, Page(s) 56–62

Abstract: Introduction: In the COVID-19 pandemic, physical and psychological health are of immense concern for the governing bodies and health policymakers in the period of lockdown and self-isolation. An in-depth analysis is required to recognize the changes in ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: In the COVID-19 pandemic, physical and psychological health are of immense concern for the governing bodies and health policymakers in the period of lockdown and self-isolation. An in-depth analysis is required to recognize the changes in mental health among the public of different geographical areas. Objective: The study aimed to investigate the sleep quality and anxiety among the population in Saudi Arabia during the lockdown period from March to June 2020. Material and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study and surveyed the population in Saudi Arabia during the lockdown. We analyzed the anxiety and sleep quality in a population with variable socio-demographic profiles. We assessed anxiety using the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) questionnaire and tested the sleep quality by using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) questionnaire. We analysed the questionnaire responses to determine the relationships between anxiety, stress, sleep disturbances by using SPSS, and considered the p-value<0.05 statistically significant. Results: We collected 397 questionnaires from the participants. The respondents were mostly of youth age (19-24 years), 66.5% of respondents were male, while there were 33.5% females. Most of the participants did not contact any COVID-19 patients (75.1%, n=298). The finding revealed that most people did not consider associated anxiety as a worrying disorder as the vast majority were normal with only 12.6% had mild-to-moderate anxiety and almost 1% had moderate-to-severe anxiety. While correlating the sleep patterns disturbance in individuals who had contact with COVID-19 patients, there was a significant sleep disturbance. The disturbance of sleep was in having problems falling sleep (p-value=0.024), having bad/horrible dreams (p-value=0.017), feeling cold at sleeping (p-value=0.038), and difficulty staying active during eating or driving (p-value=0.012). There was a significant correlation with anxiety related to the COVID-19 contact and problems affecting the routine work (p-value=0.001). Conclusion: There is a significant correlation with anxiety related to the contact with COVID-19 positive patients and problems affecting the routine work among operational professionals. The sleep quality is poor due to the stay-at-home order, having a disorganized working schedule, and deprived lifestyle. The awareness regarding the publics' mental health related to the pandemic needs to be implemented and psychological guidelines ought to be available for the public. Health measures through the promotion of lifestyle modifications, mindful body practices, meditation, and home exercise can reduce stress and improve the quality of sleep.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-07
Publishing country	Brazil
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2697016-8
ISSN	1984-0063 ; 1984-0659
ISSN (online)	1984-0063
ISSN	1984-0659
DOI	10.5935/1984-0063.20200079
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