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  1. Article ; Online: Professionalism development and assessment in the pre-registration pharmacist placement in England: transformative moments and maturation periods.

    Ireland, Helen / Sowter, Julie / O'Rourke, Rebecca

    The International journal of pharmacy practice

    2022  Volume 30, Issue 4, Page(s) 367–376

    Abstract: Objectives: Development of new patient-facing roles for pharmacists and reports of poor patient care in the UK has led to questions concerning how pharmacists develop professionalism. This study explored how professionalism is developed and assessed ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Development of new patient-facing roles for pharmacists and reports of poor patient care in the UK has led to questions concerning how pharmacists develop professionalism. This study explored how professionalism is developed and assessed during the post-graduation year in practice or pre-registration placement. The perspectives of two staff at the professional regulator UK (General Pharmaceutical Council), eight service users, seven pre-registration trainees, and 12 pre-registration tutors were recruited.
    Methods: An interpretative paradigm was adopted. Data collection involved a semi-structured group interview, focus groups and a qualitative e-questionnaire. An inductive reasoning approach informed data analysis and interpretation.
    Key findings: All groups provided insights into examples of transformative moments which potentiated professionalism development, the first being awarding the 'pre-registration trainee' title. All groups reported that contact with patients and trainee reflection aided professionalism maturation from a 'self-centred student' to becoming a 'responsible professional' where more than 'doing' is demanded. Furthermore, tutors stated the rate of professionalism development was affected by the sector of training and its opportunities for patient contact. Tutors felt they alone, not the registration exam, assessed professionalism using a variety of assessment approaches. Importantly, no tutors reported patient involvement in the assessment of trainees' professionalism, yet service users expected to be involved.
    Conclusions: Transformative moments and maturation periods during pre-registration training develop professionalism and enable trainees to 'become' a pharmacist. Careful planning of placements to optimise professionalism development across pharmacy sectors and consistent patient involvement in assessing trainee professionalism is recommended.
    MeSH term(s) Education, Pharmacy ; England ; Humans ; Pharmacists ; Pharmacy ; Professionalism
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-31
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1087040-4
    ISSN 2042-7174 ; 0961-7671
    ISSN (online) 2042-7174
    ISSN 0961-7671
    DOI 10.1093/ijpp/riac042
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Non-protein amino acids of Bocoa (Leguminosae; Papilionoideae).

    Kite, Geoffrey C / Ireland, Helen

    Phytochemistry

    2002  Volume 59, Issue 2, Page(s) 163–168

    Abstract: The non-protein amino acids of the legume genus Bocoa (Papilionoideae; Swartzieae) were surveyed by LC-MS and GC-MS using extracts of herbarium leaf fragments. Bocoa alterna (Benth.) R.S. Cowan, B. decipiens R.S. Cowan, B. limae R.S. Cowan, B. mollis ( ... ...

    Abstract The non-protein amino acids of the legume genus Bocoa (Papilionoideae; Swartzieae) were surveyed by LC-MS and GC-MS using extracts of herbarium leaf fragments. Bocoa alterna (Benth.) R.S. Cowan, B. decipiens R.S. Cowan, B. limae R.S. Cowan, B. mollis (Benth.) R.S. Cowan and B. racemulosa (Huber) R.S. Cowan were found to contain 2,4-methanoproline, 2,4-methanoglutamic acid, cis-1-amino-3-hydroxymethyl-cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid and delta-N-acetylornithine. The former three compounds have otherwise only been reported from Ateleia and Cyathostegia and, therefore, the results support the relationship with these genera found in recent phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequence data. In contrast, Bocoa viridiflora (Ducke) R.S. Cowan was found to contain trans-5-hydroxypipecolic acid and trans-4-cis-5-dihydroxypipecolic acid, while trans-4-hydroxypipecolic acid and an unidentified compound were the major non-protein amino acids in B. prouacensis Aublet. The non-protein amino acid chemistry of these two species was therefore more similar to a representative of Swartzia examined, S. macrosema Harms, which also contained mono- and dihydroxypipecolic acids. The monotypic Candolleodendron brachystachyum (DC.) R.S. Cowan, considered related to Bocoa, accumulated trans-5-hydroxypipecolic acid. LC-MS data on flavonoids obtained from four of the extracts revealed the presence of flavone C-glycosides in B. viridiflora and B. prouacensis but only flavonoid O-glycosides in B. alterna and B. mollis. The chemical division of Bocoa concurs with studies of other character types and recent molecular phylogenies.
    MeSH term(s) Amino Acids/analysis ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Fabaceae/chemistry ; Fabaceae/classification ; Flavonoids/analysis ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Ornithine/analogs & derivatives ; Ornithine/analysis ; Phylogeny ; Proline/analogs & derivatives ; Proline/analysis
    Chemical Substances 2,4-methanoproline ; Amino Acids ; Flavonoids ; N(delta)-acetylornithine (2185-16-2) ; Proline (9DLQ4CIU6V) ; Ornithine (E524N2IXA3)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2002-01-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208884-8
    ISSN 1873-3700 ; 0031-9422
    ISSN (online) 1873-3700
    ISSN 0031-9422
    DOI 10.1016/s0031-9422(01)00447-2
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  3. Article: Population decline despite high genetic diversity in the new allopolyploid species Senecio cambrensis (Asteraceae).

    Abbott, Richard J / Ireland, Helen E / Rogers, Hilary J

    Molecular ecology

    2007  Volume 16, Issue 5, Page(s) 1023–1033

    Abstract: Senecio cambrensis (Welsh groundsel) is a new allohexaploid species, which originated in Wales, UK, in the early part of the 20th century following hybridization between the native tetraploid groundsel (Senecio vulgaris) and the introduced diploid Oxford ...

    Abstract Senecio cambrensis (Welsh groundsel) is a new allohexaploid species, which originated in Wales, UK, in the early part of the 20th century following hybridization between the native tetraploid groundsel (Senecio vulgaris) and the introduced diploid Oxford ragwort (Senecio squalidus). A survey of the number of populations and flowering individuals per population of S. cambrensis in Wales was conducted at peak flowering time in June 2002, 2003 and 2004. The results show a dramatic decrease in both population number and population size of the species since the 1980s when the last population census was conducted. A survey of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) variation showed that this decline has occurred despite the fact that S. cambrensis contains a high level of genetic diversity with each individual screened possessing a unique multilocus phenotype. The level of variance within the species was similar to that found in one parent (S. vulgaris) and slightly greater than that among samples of the other parent (S. squalidus). Only a small proportion (5%) of AFLP diversity was partitioned among populations indicating a lack of population structure and possibly high levels of gene flow via seed dispersal in what is predominantly a selfing species. Senecio cambrensis showed closer similarity in AFLP phenotype to S. vulgaris than to S. squalidus. Possible causes of this and also the high level of AFLP diversity found in S. cambrensis are discussed. It is suggested that intergenomic recombination following occasional multivalent formation during meiosis in S. cambrensis is likely to be an important cause of both phenomena, although other causes are not ruled out.
    MeSH term(s) Gene Flow ; Phenotype ; Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polyploidy ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Recombination, Genetic ; Senecio/classification ; Senecio/genetics ; Senecio/growth & development
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1126687-9
    ISSN 1365-294X ; 0962-1083
    ISSN (online) 1365-294X
    ISSN 0962-1083
    DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03169.x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Free protein S level as a risk factor for coronary heart disease and stroke in a prospective cohort study of healthy United Kingdom men.

    Ken-Dror, Gie / Cooper, Jackie A / Humphries, Steve E / Drenos, Fotios / Ireland, Helen A

    American journal of epidemiology

    2011  Volume 174, Issue 8, Page(s) 958–968

    Abstract: Plasma protein S (PS) levels are reportedly low in patients with venous thrombosis but high in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients. The authors examined the association between free PS concentration and CHD or stroke risk and assessed risk in ... ...

    Abstract Plasma protein S (PS) levels are reportedly low in patients with venous thrombosis but high in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients. The authors examined the association between free PS concentration and CHD or stroke risk and assessed risk in combination with C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Free PS concentration was determined in 6 annual visits among 3,052 middle-aged (49-64 years) United Kingdom men from the Second Northwick Park Heart Study, with 297 CHD events from 1989 to 2005. The highest (vs. first) quintile was associated with a significantly increased CHD risk after adjustment for all other risk factors and correction for regression dilution bias (hazard ratio = 1.85, 95% confidence interval: 1.08, 3.16; P = 0.024). Models that included all well-known risk factors plus PS quintiles improved prediction of CHD (net reclassification improvement (NRI) = 7.0% (P = 0.007), category-less NRI (>0) = 22.1% (P < 0.001)), and the likelihood ratio statistic increased significantly (P = 0.018). The increase in CHD risk was particularly strong when subjects also had high CRP levels. There was no association between free PS level and stroke risk. This study confirms the independent association of elevated free PS levels with future risk of CHD, although elevated PS levels added only modestly to prediction metrics. The novel finding of increased CHD risk, particularly when CRP and PS levels are high, requires further study.
    MeSH term(s) Coronary Disease/blood ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prospective Studies ; Protein S/analysis ; Risk Assessment/methods ; Stroke/blood ; United Kingdom
    Chemical Substances Protein S
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-09-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2937-3
    ISSN 1476-6256 ; 0002-9262
    ISSN (online) 1476-6256
    ISSN 0002-9262
    DOI 10.1093/aje/kwr203
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  5. Article: Population decline despite high genetic diversity in the new allopolyploid species Senecio cambrensis (Asteraceae)

    ABBOTT, RICHARD J / IRELAND, HELEN E / ROGERS, HILARY J

    Molecular ecology. 2007 Mar., v. 16, no. 5

    2007  

    Abstract: Senecio cambrensis (Welsh groundsel) is a new allohexaploid species, which originated in Wales, UK, in the early part of the 20th century following hybridization between the native tetraploid groundsel (Senecio vulgaris) and the introduced diploid Oxford ...

    Abstract Senecio cambrensis (Welsh groundsel) is a new allohexaploid species, which originated in Wales, UK, in the early part of the 20th century following hybridization between the native tetraploid groundsel (Senecio vulgaris) and the introduced diploid Oxford ragwort (Senecio squalidus). A survey of the number of populations and flowering individuals per population of S. cambrensis in Wales was conducted at peak flowering time in June 2002, 2003 and 2004. The results show a dramatic decrease in both population number and population size of the species since the 1980s when the last population census was conducted. A survey of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) variation showed that this decline has occurred despite the fact that S. cambrensis contains a high level of genetic diversity with each individual screened possessing a unique multilocus phenotype. The level of variance within the species was similar to that found in one parent (S. vulgaris) and slightly greater than that among samples of the other parent (S. squalidus). Only a small proportion (5%) of AFLP diversity was partitioned among populations indicating a lack of population structure and possibly high levels of gene flow via seed dispersal in what is predominantly a selfing species. Senecio cambrensis showed closer similarity in AFLP phenotype to S. vulgaris than to S. squalidus. Possible causes of this and also the high level of AFLP diversity found in S. cambrensis are discussed. It is suggested that intergenomic recombination following occasional multivalent formation during meiosis in S. cambrensis is likely to be an important cause of both phenomena, although other causes are not ruled out.
    Keywords allopolyploidy ; hybridization ; population structure ; Senecio
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2007-03
    Size p. 1023-1033.
    Publisher Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Publishing place Oxford, UK
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1126687-9
    ISSN 1365-294X ; 0962-1083
    ISSN (online) 1365-294X
    ISSN 0962-1083
    DOI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03169.x
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  6. Article ; Online: Association of TLL1 gene polymorphism (rs1503298, T > C) with coronary heart disease in PREDICT, UDACS and ED cohorts.

    Zain, Maryam / Awan, Fazli Rabbi / Cooper, Jackie A / Li, Ka Wah / Palmen, Jutta / Acharya, Jay / Howard, Philip / Baig, Shahid M / Elkeles, Robert S / Stephens, Jeffrey W / Ireland, Helen / Humphries, Steve E

    Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP

    2014  Volume 24, Issue 9, Page(s) 615–619

    Abstract: Objective: To determine the sequence variant of TLL1 gene (rs1503298, T > C) in three British cohorts (PREDICT, UDACS and ED) of patients with type-2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in order to assess its association with coronary heart disease (CHD).: Study ...

    Abstract Objective: To determine the sequence variant of TLL1 gene (rs1503298, T > C) in three British cohorts (PREDICT, UDACS and ED) of patients with type-2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in order to assess its association with coronary heart disease (CHD).
    Study design: Analytical study.
    Place and duration of study: UCL, London, UK. Participants were genotyped in 2011-2012 for TLL1 SNP. Samples and related information were previously collected in 2001-2003 for PREDICT, and in 2001-2002 for UDACS and ED groups.
    Methodology: Patients included in PREDICT (n=600), UDACS (n=1020) and ED (n=1240) had Diabetes. TLL1 SNP (rs1503298, T > C) was genotyped using TaqMan technology. Allele frequencies were compared using c2 test, and tested for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The risk of disease was assessed from Odds ratios (OR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI). Moreover, for the PREDICT cohort, the SNP association was tested with Coronary Artery Calcification (CAC) scores.
    Results: No significant association was found for this SNP with CHD or CAC scores in these cohorts.
    Conclusion: This SNP could not be confirmed as a risk factor for CHD in T2DM patients. However, the low power of thesmall sample size available is a limitation to the modest effect on risk. Further studies in larger samples would be useful.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Alleles ; Cohort Studies ; Coronary Disease/epidemiology ; Coronary Disease/genetics ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics ; Ethnicity/genetics ; Ethnicity/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Risk Factors ; Taq Polymerase ; Tolloid-Like Metalloproteinases/genetics ; United Kingdom/epidemiology
    Chemical Substances Taq Polymerase (EC 2.7.7.-) ; Tolloid-Like Metalloproteinases (EC 3.4.-) ; TLL1 protein, human (EC 3.4.24.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-09-18
    Publishing country Pakistan
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2276646-7
    ISSN 1681-7168 ; 1022-386X
    ISSN (online) 1681-7168
    ISSN 1022-386X
    DOI 09.2014/JCPSP.615619
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Biogeographical, ecological and morphological structure in a phylogenetic analysis of Ateleia (Swartzieae, Fabaceae) derived from combined molecular, morphological and chemical data

    IRELAND, HELEN E / KITE, GEOFFREY C / VEITCH, NIGEL C / CHASE, MARK W / SCHRIRE, BRIAN / LAVIN, MATT / LINARES, JOSÉ / PENNINGTON, R. TOBY

    Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. 2010 Jan., v. 162, no. 1

    2010  

    Abstract: A phylogenetic analysis of combined morphological, chemical and ITS/5.8S sequence data reveals that species of Ateleia are often more genetically than morphologically divergent, and that species thought to be most closely related morphologically are ... ...

    Abstract A phylogenetic analysis of combined morphological, chemical and ITS/5.8S sequence data reveals that species of Ateleia are often more genetically than morphologically divergent, and that species thought to be most closely related morphologically are distant relatives within the genus. Ateleia shows niche conservatism, with most species confined to seasonally dry tropical forest in Central America and the Caribbean, and fewer species in the same biome in South America. Four independent transitions to wet forests may have occurred in the genus. The estimated ages of Ateleia lineages spanning Central and South America are either older or younger than the estimated age of closure of the Isthmus of Panama. The older dates clearly suggest that over-water dispersal is responsible for the distribution of Ateleia that includes the Caribbean Islands.
    Keywords Fabaceae
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2010-01
    Size p. 39-53.
    Publisher Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Publishing place Oxford, UK
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2975-0
    ISSN 0024-4074 ; 0373-5044
    ISSN 0024-4074 ; 0373-5044
    DOI 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.01016.x
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  8. Article: The factor VII activating protease G511E (Marburg) variant and cardiovascular risk.

    Ireland, Helen / Miller, George J / Webb, Karen E / Cooper, Jackie A / Humphries, Steve E

    Thrombosis and haemostasis

    2004  Volume 92, Issue 5, Page(s) 986–992

    Abstract: A previous study had shown a strong relationship between a variant in factor VII activating protease (FSAP G511E) and advanced carotid atheroma. In-vitro, the variant has reduced fibrinolytic but normal pro-coagulant activity, which may constitute a ... ...

    Abstract A previous study had shown a strong relationship between a variant in factor VII activating protease (FSAP G511E) and advanced carotid atheroma. In-vitro, the variant has reduced fibrinolytic but normal pro-coagulant activity, which may constitute a prothrombotic state. The current study has addressed risk for coronary heart disease in a prospective study of cardiovascular disorders (Northwick Park Heart Study II). An interactive effect upon risk was found between the 511E allele and elevated levels of cholesterol and triglyceride. Fibrinogen could substitute for triglyceride levels in this risk-interaction analysis. The findings support the proposal that the FSAP 511E allele exacerbates atherosclerosis or its clinical sequelae.
    MeSH term(s) Alleles ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/genetics ; Cholesterol/blood ; Fibrinogen/analysis ; Genotype ; Hemostasis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Probability ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Serine Endopeptidases/genetics ; Triglycerides/blood ; United Kingdom/epidemiology
    Chemical Substances Triglycerides ; Fibrinogen (9001-32-5) ; Cholesterol (97C5T2UQ7J) ; HABP2 protein, human (EC 3.4.21.-) ; Serine Endopeptidases (EC 3.4.21.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2004-11
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 518294-3
    ISSN 0340-6245
    ISSN 0340-6245
    DOI 10.1160/TH04-05-0275
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Six new isoflavones and a 5-deoxyflavonol glycoside from the leaves of Ateleiaherbert-smithii.

    Veitch, Nigel C / Sutton, Polly S E / Kite, Geoffrey C / Ireland, Helen E

    Journal of natural products

    2003  Volume 66, Issue 2, Page(s) 210–216

    Abstract: Six new isoflavones, 5-methoxy-6,7:3',4'-bis(methylenedioxy)isoflavone (1), 3'-methoxy-6,7:4',5'-bis(methylenedioxy)isoflavone (2), 5,2'-dimethoxy-6,7:4',5'-bis(methylenedioxy)isoflavone (3), 5,3'-dimethoxy-6,7:4',5'-bis(methylenedioxy)isoflavone (4), 5- ... ...

    Abstract Six new isoflavones, 5-methoxy-6,7:3',4'-bis(methylenedioxy)isoflavone (1), 3'-methoxy-6,7:4',5'-bis(methylenedioxy)isoflavone (2), 5,2'-dimethoxy-6,7:4',5'-bis(methylenedioxy)isoflavone (3), 5,3'-dimethoxy-6,7:4',5'-bis(methylenedioxy)isoflavone (4), 5-hydroxy-7,3',4'-trimethoxyisoflavone (5), and 5,6,7,3',4'-pentamethoxyisoflavone (6), were obtained from diethyl ether extracts of the leaves of Ateleia herbert-smithii together with 11 known isoflavones and two chalcones. Four of the isoflavones (1-4) are characterized by a unique bis-methylenedioxyl substitution pattern. A new flavonol glycoside, 5-deoxyisorhamnetin 3-O-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1' " --> 6' ')-beta-d-glucopyranoside (20), and three known flavonol 3-O-glycosides were obtained from aqueous methanol extracts of leaves of the same species. Spectroscopic methods were used to determine the structures of the compounds. The significance of their occurrence in A. herbert-smithii is discussed from both biosynthetic and taxonomic viewpoints.
    MeSH term(s) Fabaceae/chemistry ; Fabaceae/classification ; Flavonoids/chemistry ; Flavonoids/isolation & purification ; Glycosides/chemistry ; Glycosides/isolation & purification ; Isoflavones/chemistry ; Isoflavones/isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; United Kingdom
    Chemical Substances 5-deoxyisorhamnetin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1'''-6'')-beta-D-glucopyranoside ; Flavonoids ; Glycosides ; Isoflavones
    Language English
    Publishing date 2003-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 304325-3
    ISSN 1520-6025 ; 0163-3864
    ISSN (online) 1520-6025
    ISSN 0163-3864
    DOI 10.1021/np020425u
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Low soluble thrombomodulin activity and antigen is associated with a family history of heart disease while a high level is associated with a personal history of heart disease in type 2 diabetes.

    Konstantoulas, Constantine J / Cooper, Jackie A / Ohlin, Ann-Kristin / Humphries, Stephen E / Goodall, Alison H / Toh, Cheng-Hoc / Mather, Hugh / Ireland, Helen

    Thrombosis and haemostasis

    2007  Volume 97, Issue 1, Page(s) 161–164

    MeSH term(s) Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Family Health ; Heart Diseases/etiology ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; Solubility ; Thrombomodulin/analysis ; Thrombomodulin/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Thrombomodulin
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-01
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 518294-3
    ISSN 0340-6245
    ISSN 0340-6245
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