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Article ; Online: Runoff and soil erosion in the integrated farming systems based on micro-watersheds under projected climate change scenarios and adaptation strategies in the eastern Himalayan mountain ecosystem (India).

Choudhury, Burhan U / Nengzouzam, Grace / Islam, Adlul

2022 Volume 309, Page(s) 114667

Abstract: Land degradation caused by soil erosion (SE) in forests converted into cropland under climate change, particularly with increased rainfall intensity, is of great concern to the agricultural sustainability of the tropical mountain ecosystem. We evaluated ... ...

Abstract	Land degradation caused by soil erosion (SE) in forests converted into cropland under climate change, particularly with increased rainfall intensity, is of great concern to the agricultural sustainability of the tropical mountain ecosystem. We evaluated the response of six hilly micro-watersheds (HMW) under different Integrated Farming Systems (IFSs) to SE in multi-model climate change scenarios using the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model. The IFSs were forestry (HMW
MeSH term(s)	Agriculture ; Climate Change ; Ecosystem ; Soil ; Soil Erosion
Chemical Substances	Soil
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	184882-3
ISSN	1095-8630 ; 0301-4797
ISSN (online)	1095-8630
ISSN	0301-4797
DOI	10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114667
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Article: Runoff and soil erosion in the integrated farming systems based on micro-watersheds under projected climate change scenarios and adaptation strategies in the eastern Himalayan mountain ecosystem (India)

Choudhury, Burhan U. / Nengzouzam, Grace / Islam, Adlul

Journal of environmental management. 2022 May 01, v. 309

2022

Abstract	Land degradation caused by soil erosion (SE) in forests converted into cropland under climate change, particularly with increased rainfall intensity, is of great concern to the agricultural sustainability of the tropical mountain ecosystem. We evaluated the response of six hilly micro-watersheds (HMW) under different Integrated Farming Systems (IFSs) to SE in multi-model climate change scenarios using the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model. The IFSs were forestry (HMW₁), abandoned shifting cultivation (HMW₂), livestock with fodder crops (HMW₃), agroforestry (HMW₄), agri-horti-silvi-pastoral (HMW₅), and horticulture (HMW₆) established on a hilly slope (32.0–53.2%) of the eastern Himalayas (Meghalaya, India). The WEPP model was calibrated and validated with measured runoff and soil loss data of 24 years for each of the six IFSs. The projected annual SE (average) for all HMWs increased in all RCPs. The IFS based on shifting cultivation (HMW₂) was the most vulnerable, with the highest percentage increase in SE (46–235%) compared to the baseline years (1976–2005) under RCP 8.5. The cultivated IFSs (HMW₃ to HMW₆) had 47.8–57.0% less runoff and 39.2–74.6% less soil loss than HMW₂ under RCP 8.5. Of these, HMW₆ followed by HMW₄ and HMW₅ were the most effective at minimizing soil loss. Simulation results showed a reduction in soil loss through adaptive strategies such as mulching with broom grasses, stones, field beans, and the introduction of subsurface drainage. Adoption of IFS based on horticulture and agroforestry with bio-mulching on steep slopes is an effective measure to control soil erosion in the eastern Himalaya (India).
Keywords	Water Erosion Prediction Project ; agroforestry ; brooms ; climate change ; cropland ; ecosystems ; erosion control ; forage ; horticulture ; land degradation ; livestock ; rain intensity ; runoff ; soil erosion ; subsurface drainage ; sustainable agriculture ; Himalayan region ; India
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0501
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	184882-3
ISSN	1095-8630 ; 0301-4797
ISSN (online)	1095-8630
ISSN	0301-4797
DOI	10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114667
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Article: Evaluation of climate change impact on soil erosion in the integrated farming system based hilly micro-watersheds using Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation

Choudhury, Burhan U. / Nengzouzam, G. / Islam, Adlul

Catena. 2022 July, v. 214

2022

Abstract: Increased rainfall intensity under changing climate scenarios threatens the sustainability of cropland due to soil erosion in the Himalayan mountain ecosystem. This study aimed to identify the resilient integrated farming system (IFS) based land use ... ...

Abstract	Increased rainfall intensity under changing climate scenarios threatens the sustainability of cropland due to soil erosion in the Himalayan mountain ecosystem. This study aimed to identify the resilient integrated farming system (IFS) based land use practices in hilly micro-watersheds (HMWs) under projected climate change scenarios. The IFS based land uses considered were livestock with fodder crops (HMW₁), forestry (HMW₂), agroforestry (HMW₃), food and fodder crops (HMW₄), agri-horti-silvi-pasture (HMW₅), horticulture (HMW₆), and abandoned shifting cultivation (HMW₇, as traditional jhum), established on the hill slope (>32.0 to 53.0%) in Meghalaya, India. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) was calibrated and validated satisfactorily (RMSEₐ: 0.3 to 1.2 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹; NSE: 0.6 to 0.9) using 24 years measured soil loss data for each HMWs. The model was most sensitive to soil erodibility (S = 0.9 to 1.1) followed by plant cover (S = 0.6 to 1.0) in simulating the soil loss in the hilly micro-watersheds. Simulated soil losses in different HMWs ranged from 11.5 to 32.7 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ under the baseline climate (1976 to 2005). The soil loss is projected to increase in the range of 7.3 to 15.3% under different RCPs (RCP2.6 to RCP8.5). The HMW with shifting cultivated IFS were the most vulnerable to climate change, as soil loss increased by 1.7 to 8.4 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ over baseline (32.7 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹). However, HMW with horticulture based IFS followed by agroforestry showed the most resilience to climate change and manifested a minimal increase (0.6 to 3.1 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) over baseline soil loss (11.5 to 12.0 t ha¹ yr⁻¹). Adoption of horticultural and agroforestry based IFS on the hill slope of Eastern Himalayan ecosystem is an effective measure to control soil erosion.
Keywords	Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation ; Universal Soil Loss Equation ; agroforestry ; catenas ; climate ; climate change ; cropland ; ecosystems ; erodibility ; erosion control ; forage ; horticulture ; land use ; livestock ; rain intensity ; soil erosion ; topographic slope ; Himalayan region ; India
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-07
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	519608-5
ISSN	1872-6887 ; 0008-7769 ; 0341-8162
ISSN (online)	1872-6887 ; 0008-7769
ISSN	0341-8162
DOI	10.1016/j.catena.2022.106306
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Article ; Online: A high-resolution assessment of climate change impact on water footprints of cereal production in India.

Mali, Santosh S / Shirsath, Paresh B / Islam, Adlul

Scientific reports

2021 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 8715

Abstract: Water footprint (WF), a comprehensive indicator of water resources appropriation, has evolved as an efficient tool to improve the management and sustainability of water resources. This study quantifies the blue and green WF of major cereals crops in ... ...

Abstract	Water footprint (WF), a comprehensive indicator of water resources appropriation, has evolved as an efficient tool to improve the management and sustainability of water resources. This study quantifies the blue and green WF of major cereals crops in India using high resolution soil and climatic datasets. A comprehensive modelling framework, consisting of Evapotranspiration based Irrigation Requirement (ETIR) tool, was developed for WF assessment. For assessing climate change impact on WF, multi-model ensemble climate change scenarios were generated using the hybrid-delta ensemble method for RCP4.5 and RCP6.0 and future period of 2030s and 2050s. The total WF of the cereal crops are projected to change in the range of - 3.2 to 6.3% under different RCPs in future periods. Although, the national level green and blue WF is projected to change marginally, distinct trends were observed for Kharif (rainy season-June to September) and rabi (winter season-October to February) crops. The blue WF of paddy is likely to decrease by 9.6%, while for wheat it may increase by 4.4% under RCP4.5 during 2050s. The green WF of rabi crops viz. wheat and maize is likely to increase in the range of 20.0 to 24.1% and 9.9 to 16.2%, respectively. This study provides insights into the influences of climate change on future water footprints of crop production and puts forth regional strategies for future water resource management. In view of future variability in the WFs, a water footprint-based optimization for relocation of crop cultivation areas with the aim of minimising the blue water use would be possible management alternative.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-021-88223-6
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Article: Evaluation of Hantush’s S Function Estimation Methods for Predicting Rise in Water Table

Ali, Shakir / Islam, Adlul

Water resources management. 2019 May, v. 33, no. 7

2019

Abstract: Hantush’s model is widely used for predicting rise in water table in response to groundwater recharge. Several approximate methods of the Hantush mound function, S(α, β) have been developed to overcome the limitations of Hantush’s tabulated values of the ...

Abstract	Hantush’s model is widely used for predicting rise in water table in response to groundwater recharge. Several approximate methods of the Hantush mound function, S(α, β) have been developed to overcome the limitations of Hantush’s tabulated values of the S(α, β) function. These approximate methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, and it is difficult to identify the most accurate and computationally efficient S(α, β) estimation method. In this study, performance of four different algebraic approximate S(α, β) estimation methods are compared with the Hantush method using the published data. The four different methods considered are Swamee and Ohja (1997) (SO), Singh (2012) (SI), Vatankhah (2013) (VA) and Gauss-Legendre quadrature (GL) method with various Gaussian points (GP). Seven statistical accuracy and computation efficiency indicators are used to assess the performance of different S(α, β) estimation methods. The GL method with 100 to16 GPs is found to be the most accurate S(α, β) estimation method. This is followed by the SO, GL with 14 to 12 GPs, VA, GL with 10 GP, SI, and GL with 9 to 3 GPs. A good trade off between accuracy and efficiency is found with the SO, VA, and GL method with 14, 12 and 10 GPs. Comprehensive analysis of different S(α, β) estimation methods, and their ranking based on overall performance index will be helpful in modelling water table rise due to groundwater recharge, optimum design of recharge basin, and evaluation of effectiveness of recharge basins in groundwater recharging.
Keywords	basins ; groundwater recharge ; models ; prediction ; water table
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-05
Size	p. 2239-2260.
Publishing place	Springer Netherlands
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	59924-4
ISSN	1573-1650 ; 0920-4741
ISSN (online)	1573-1650
ISSN	0920-4741
DOI	10.1007/s11269-019-02272-1
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Article: Modeling climate change impact on groundwater and adaptation strategies for its sustainable management in the Karnal district of Northwest India

Kumar, Satyendra / Narjary, Bhaskar / Vivekanand / Islam, Adlul / Yadav, R. K. / Kamra, S. K.

Climatic change. 2022 July, v. 173, no. 1-2

2022

Abstract: Extensive use of groundwater in the rice–wheat cropping system of northwest India has resulted in groundwater depletion at an alarming rate of 33–88 cm per year over the past 2–3 decades. Projected climate change is likely to affect crop water demand, ... ...

Abstract	Extensive use of groundwater in the rice–wheat cropping system of northwest India has resulted in groundwater depletion at an alarming rate of 33–88 cm per year over the past 2–3 decades. Projected climate change is likely to affect crop water demand, groundwater withdrawal, and replenishment in future. A modeling study was undertaken to simulate the impact of climate change on groundwater resources under existing rice–wheat cropping system and with revised crop management strategies in the Karnal district of Northwest India. Different cop management strategies considered are marginal shift in sowing dates of rice and wheat, and fractional diversification of rice area to maize. MODFLOW software driven by the projected climate change scenarios under four representative concentration pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, and RCP8.5) were used for simulating groundwater behavior in the study area under business as usual and proposed crop management strategies. Simulation results indicated 4.3–61.5 m (28.9–291.2%) additional decline in groundwater levels in different zones of the study area under different RCPs by the end century (2070–2099) period in relation to the reference groundwater level of year 2015 under the existing sowing dates of 15 June for rice and 15 November for wheat. Maintaining rice sowing date at 15 June but advancing wheat sowing date by 10 days can reduce groundwater decline by 9.8–14.4%, 14.4–19.6%, and 18.1–25.8% under different RCPs by the end of early (2010–2039), mid (2040–2069), and end (2070–2099) century periods, respectively, vis-à-vis prevailing sowing dates. Replacing 20%, 30%, and 40% rice area with maize in rice–wheat system is likely to reduce groundwater decline by 7.1 (24.9%), 10.1 (35.3%), and 13.8 m (48.5%), respectively, in comparison to projected end century (2099) decline of 28.5 m under the prevailing sowing dates of rice–wheat. However, declining groundwater trend of rice–wheat would be reversed with the replacement of 80% rice area under maize crop. Simulation results suggest that specific crop management strategies can potentially moderate groundwater decline in the study area under the envisaged climate change.
Keywords	climate change ; computer software ; corn ; decline ; groundwater ; groundwater extraction ; hydrologic models ; rice ; water shortages ; water table ; wheat ; India
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-07
Size	p. 3.
Publishing place	Springer Netherlands
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	751086-x
ISSN	0165-0009
ISSN	0165-0009
DOI	10.1007/s10584-022-03393-0
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Article ; Online: Trends and probabilistic stability index for evaluating groundwater quality: The case of quaternary alluvial and quartzite aquifer system of India.

Machiwal, Deepesh / Islam, Adlul / Kamble, Trupti

Journal of environmental management

2019 Volume 237, Page(s) 457–475

Abstract: This study proposed a novel groundwater-quality stability index (GQSI), which considers probabilistic estimate of reliability and resilience based on multi-year dataset. The developed index is validated and optimized adopting optimum index factor ... ...

Abstract	This study proposed a novel groundwater-quality stability index (GQSI), which considers probabilistic estimate of reliability and resilience based on multi-year dataset. The developed index is validated and optimized adopting optimum index factor approach. The vulnerabilities of different groundwater quality parameters are also computed to provide an insight about the deviations of their concentrations from the safe drinking water limits. The application of the developed stability index is demonstrated through a case study in quaternary alluvial and quartzite aquifer system of India. In addition, trends in the groundwater quality parameters are identified by using variance-corrected Mann-Kendall test, and trends are quantified by using Sen's slope estimation test. Box-whisker plots revealed that EC and TDS mostly exceed their maximum permissible limits prescribed for drinking water in the southern and southwest hard-rock formations. Whereas, most parameters do not cross their maximum desirable limits in the central and northern alluvial formations. Increasing trends of potassium and bicarbonate, and decreasing trends of carbonate, calcium, sulfate, and fluoride are found prominent. The GQSI values indicated high stability of groundwater quality under older alluvium geology and low stability under the gneiss and mica-schist. Results of the GQSI are found in agreement with that of groundwater-quality index (GQI) at 84% sites, which proved adequacy of the developed GQSI. Also, three classes ('low'/'poor', 'moderate', and 'high'/'good') of both the GQSI and GQI showed a good coherence at 83, 78, and 87% sites. However, GQSI is more advantageous than GQI due to former's statistical framework, consistency and comparability over different areas. Three optimum index factors, i.e., TDS, pH and nitrate, are found to have the maximum impact on overall groundwater quality with their largest variations. Results of the optimum groundwater-quality stability index (OGQSI) and GQSI closely matched with each other, and a significant linear relationship (R
MeSH term(s)	Environmental Monitoring ; Groundwater ; India ; Reproducibility of Results ; Water Pollutants, Chemical
Chemical Substances	Water Pollutants, Chemical
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	184882-3
ISSN	1095-8630 ; 0301-4797
ISSN (online)	1095-8630
ISSN	0301-4797
DOI	10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.02.071
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Article ; Online: Do rainfed production systems have lower environmental impact over irrigated production systems?: On -farm mitigation strategies.

Pratibha, G / Srinivas, I / Raju, B M K / Suvana, S / Rao, K V / Rao, M Srinivasa / Jha, Anamika / Anna, Shivakumar / Prabhakar, M / Singh, V K / Islam, Adlul / Singh, Rajbir / Choudhary, S K

The Science of the total environment

2024 Volume 917, Page(s) 170190

Abstract: The intensive agriculture practices improved the crop productivity but escalated energy inputs (EI) and carbon foot print (CF) which contributes to global warming. Hence designing productive, profitable crop management practices under different ... ...

Abstract	The intensive agriculture practices improved the crop productivity but escalated energy inputs (EI) and carbon foot print (CF) which contributes to global warming. Hence designing productive, profitable crop management practices under different production systems with low environmental impact (EI and CF) is the need of the hour. To identify the practices, quantification of baseline emissions and the major sources of emissions are required. Indian agriculture has diversified crops and production systems but there is dearth of information on both EI and CF of these production systems and crops. Hence the present study was an attempt to find hot spots and identify suitable strategies with high productivity, energy use efficiency (EUE) and carbon use efficiency (CUE). Energy and carbon balance of castor, cotton, chickpea, groundnut, maize, rice (both rainfed and irrigated), wheat, sugarcane (only irrigated), pigeon pea, soybean, sorghum, pearl millet (only rainfed) in different production systems was assessed. Field specific data on different crop management practices as well as grain and biomass yields were considered. Rainfed production systems had lower EI and CF than irrigated system. The nonrenewable sources of energy like fertilizer (64 %), irrigation (78 %), diesel fuel (75 %) and electricity (67 %) are the major source of energy input. Rainfed crops recorded higher CUE over irrigated condition. Adoption of technologies like efficient irrigation strategies (micro irrigation), enhancing fertilizer use efficiency (site specific nutrient management or slow release fertilizer), conservation agriculture (conservation or reduced tillage) rice cultivation methods (SRI or Direct seeded rice) were the mitigation strategies. These results will help policy makers and stake holders in adoption of suitable strategies for sustainable intensification.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-24
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170190
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Article: Evaluating effect of cover crops on runoff, soil loss and soil nutrients in an Indian arid region

Machiwal, Deepesh / Kumar, Sushil / Islam, Adlul / Kumar, Sanjay / Jat, Sita Ram / Vaishnav, Meera / Dayal, Devi

Communications in soil science and plant analysis. 2021 Aug. 06, v. 52, no. 14

2021

Abstract: Estimates of the soil and nutrient losses are essential for design and planning of soil conservation measures in Indian arid region. This study aims at estimating rainfall-runoff, soil and nutrient losses from different cover crops, and to identify the ... ...

Abstract	Estimates of the soil and nutrient losses are essential for design and planning of soil conservation measures in Indian arid region. This study aims at estimating rainfall-runoff, soil and nutrient losses from different cover crops, and to identify the best cover for checking soil loss. The study is conducted for 2013–2015 in research farm of the Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Regional Station, Bhuj, Gujarat, India. Ten treatments comprising four sole-crop, that is, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), green gram (Vigna radiata), and cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) and four cereal-legume intercropping with two controls (cultivated and unplowed fallows) are undertaken in randomized block design with three replications. Multi-slot divisors are fabricated and installed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is performed, and their interrelationships are explored. The highest soil loss is recorded from cultivated fallow (108.03 ± 49.95 kg.ha⁻¹.yr⁻¹) and unplowed fallow (78.95 ± 28.42 kg.ha⁻¹.yr⁻¹). Green gram is found effective in controlling soil loss as sole-crop (event-wise soil loss ~0.54–33.94 kg.ha⁻¹) as well as intercropping with sorghum (event-wise soil loss ~0.60–23.37 kg.ha⁻¹) and pearl millet (event-wise soil loss ~2.45–31.11 kg ha⁻¹). ANOVA revealed significance (p < .05) of runoff-generating rainfall, crop cover, and their sole- and intercropping practices. Values of coefficient of determination (R²) indicated highly correlated (R² ≥ 0.75) relationships of rainfall-runoff for all treatments, rainfall-soil loss for sole cereals and cultivated fallow, and runoff-soil loss for pearl millet and intercropping with green gram. This study concludes that cereal-legume intercropping diminishes the adverse impact of raindrops on soil erosion and crop production.
Keywords	Cenchrus americanus ; Cyamopsis tetragonoloba ; Sorghum bicolor ; Vigna radiata ; analysis of variance ; arid zones ; crop production ; fallow ; farms ; mung beans ; plant analysis ; rain ; research institutions ; runoff ; soil ; soil conservation ; soil erosion ; India
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0806
Size	p. 1669-1688.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	419718-5
ISSN	1532-2416 ; 0010-3624
ISSN (online)	1532-2416
ISSN	0010-3624
DOI	10.1080/00103624.2021.1892726
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Article: Prioritization of global climate models using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and reliability index

Panjwani, Shweta / Ahuja, Laxmi / Islam, Adlul / Naresh Kumar, S

Theoretical and applied climatology. 2019 Aug., v. 137, no. 3-4

2019

Abstract: Climate scenarios derived from the global climate models (GCMs) are used for climate change impact studies in several sectors including agriculture, hydrological, and health. Globally, more than 50 climate models exist and choosing suitable models based ... ...

Abstract	Climate scenarios derived from the global climate models (GCMs) are used for climate change impact studies in several sectors including agriculture, hydrological, and health. Globally, more than 50 climate models exist and choosing suitable models based on reproducibility of observed weather for a study region is a challenging task. This step is important to reduce uncertainty. This study compared the simulation performance of 12 global climate models for temperatures and rainfall in past 30 years over Indian region. For this, Priority index from Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and Reliability index were used and both methods were compared. Study revealed all 12 models overestimated minimum and maximum temperatures in most regions of India, which resulted in hot bias especially in northern region. However, models showed significant cold bias for the Himalayan region. In general, simulated rainfall was underestimated by many GCMs. The analysis indicated that FAHP method is good to shortlist GCMs based on their spatial and temporal performance in reproducing observed weather. Among 12 models, NORESM1 model has performed better in reproducing maximum temperature. The IPSL-LR, FIO-ESM, GFDL-CM3, and MIROC5 models have performed better for minimum temperature. In case of rainfall, CSIRO, MIROC5, HADGEM2, GFDL-ESM 2 M, and IPSL-LR have performed better as compared to other models.
Keywords	climate ; climate change ; climate models ; cold ; hydrology ; prioritization ; rain ; rainfall simulation ; temperature ; uncertainty ; Himalayan region ; India
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-08
Size	p. 2381-2392.
Publishing place	Springer Vienna
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1463177-5
ISSN	1434-4483 ; 0177-798X
ISSN (online)	1434-4483
ISSN	0177-798X
DOI	10.1007/s00704-018-2707-y
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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