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Article ; Online: Spatio-temporal dynamics of ecological, bacteriological, and overall water quality of the Damodar River, India.

Hoque, Md Mofizul / Islam, Aznarul

Environmental science and pollution research international

2024 Volume 31, Issue 12, Page(s) 18465–18484

Abstract: Assessing river water quality is crucial for human and ecological needs because of the deterioration of the river and escalated water pollution under the threats of anthropogenic activities. In order to assess river water quality, the Damodar River water ...

Abstract	Assessing river water quality is crucial for human and ecological needs because of the deterioration of the river and escalated water pollution under the threats of anthropogenic activities. In order to assess river water quality, the Damodar River water was evaluated from the perspectives of spatio-temporal dynamics of ecological (organic pollution index or OPI and eutrophication index or EI), bacteriological (coliform count and comprehensive bathing water quality index or CBWQI), and overall water quality assessments (water quality index or WQI and comprehensive pollution index or CPI). The OPI reveals that 44.66% of water samples have heavy organic pollution; however, EI depicts that almost all water samples of Damodar River have severe eutrophication, especially in the pre- and post-monsoon seasons. Moreover, the fecal coliform count and CBWQI indicate the unsuitability of river water for bathing. The overall WQI portrays that 21.56%, 33.59%, and 22.47% of water samples have heavy pollution in pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon, respectively. Moreover, 73.39% of water samples have low CPI indicating slight comprehensive pollution. This study also reveals that the pollution level in the Damodar River downstream of the Durgapur barrage is high among the other stations. The major reasons behind the severe contamination of Damodar River water are urban-industrial and agricultural effluents mixing into the river that lead to higher concentrations of BOD, DO, fecal coliform, COD, fluoride TSS, and turbidity in the river water. Thus, this study carries appreciated information on policy recommendations for the different stakeholders of the Damodar River basin including regional planners, agri-engineers, and ecological river engineers for sustainable river management.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Water Quality ; Environmental Monitoring ; Rivers ; Water Pollution/analysis ; Fresh Water ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; India ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
Chemical Substances	Water Pollutants, Chemical
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-12
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1178791-0
ISSN	1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
ISSN (online)	1614-7499
ISSN	0944-1344
DOI	10.1007/s11356-024-32185-5
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Article: Reviewing braiding indices of the river channel in an attempt to establish alternatives.

Das, Balai Chandra / Islam, Aznarul

MethodsX

2023 Volume 10, Page(s) 102042

Abstract: Complex channel planform especially the dynamics of the multi-thread river is empirically examined using the three major dimensions - bar growth, channel length and channel count. To this end, many indices have been proposed to deal with the complex ... ...

Abstract	Complex channel planform especially the dynamics of the multi-thread river is empirically examined using the three major dimensions - bar growth, channel length and channel count. To this end, many indices have been proposed to deal with the complex channel response in the context of sediment-energy synergistic scenarios. The existing methods are primarily concerned with the linear or 1D nature of the channel and bar. The present study introduced the areal or 2-D nature of the channel and bar to capture a more realistic picture because, with same length, area of the bar may differ greatly. Therefore, we proposed four indices on channel braiding taking into consideration the area of the channel and bar. We tested our indices to the 28 reaches of the Damodar River, India that showed a significant correlation (∼80%) with the existing standard method. The major highlights of the methods are outlined as follows. •Four novel indices were proposed considering the linear and areal dimensions of the channel and bar.•Proposed indices focus on the unit-free measures with known limits enabling pragmatic comparison with self and other channels.•New methods were tested using field data implying a significant correlation with the existing methods.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-02
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2830212-6
ISSN	2215-0161
ISSN	2215-0161
DOI	10.1016/j.mex.2023.102042
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Article ; Online: Assessing poverty and livelihood vulnerability of the fishing communities in the context of pollution of the Churni River, India

Sarkar, Biplab / Islam, Aznarul

Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2022 Apr., v. 29, no. 18 p.26575-26598

2022

Abstract: The present study exhibits a critical outlook on the poverty and livelihood vulnerability of the fisherman community in the context of persistent water pollution of the Churni River. The logistic regression model has identified eight factors influencing ... ...

Abstract	The present study exhibits a critical outlook on the poverty and livelihood vulnerability of the fisherman community in the context of persistent water pollution of the Churni River. The logistic regression model has identified eight factors influencing the poverty of the study area while the entropy weight method identifies the livelihood vulnerability of the fishermen. The livelihood vulnerability index of the upper stretch of the river is higher (0.65–0.67) compared to that of the lower stretch (0.46–0.57). The typical spatiality in poverty and livelihood vulnerability is triggered by the fragility of fishing livelihoods in the wake of lower concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO), and higher BOD, COD, ammonia, nitrate and phosphate mainly due to industrial water pollution. For example, average DO ranges from 1.65 mg/l (upper stretch) to 2.50 mg/l (lower stretch) while the average BOD ranges from 5.44 mg/l (lower stretch) to 9.42 mg/l (upper stretch). This pollution induces acute ecological stress concerning declining fish diversity (from 41 to 16 fish species at the upper stretch and 41 to 23 fish species at the lower stretch during 1980–2018) as well as productivity of the existing fish species. Therefore, paralysed fishing economy and high dependency of the fishermen on the Churni River have forced them to revolve into the vicious cycle of poverty and enduring fragile livelihoods. Thus, the fishermen adopt few coping strategies like access to the nearby wetland for fishing, diversity in earning strategy and environmental movements against pollution to reduce the intensity of vulnerability. The present study would help the regional planners to frame the participatory plans for the sustainability of the riverine ecology and economy.
Keywords	ammonia ; dissolved oxygen ; ecology ; entropy ; fish ; livelihood ; nitrates ; phosphates ; poverty ; regression analysis ; riparian areas ; rivers ; water pollution ; wetlands ; India
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-04
Size	p. 26575-26598.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	1178791-0
ISSN	1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
ISSN (online)	1614-7499
ISSN	0944-1344
DOI	10.1007/s11356-021-17719-5
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Article ; Online: Assessing poverty and livelihood vulnerability of the fishing communities in the context of pollution of the Churni River, India.

Sarkar, Biplab / Islam, Aznarul

Environmental science and pollution research international

2021 Volume 29, Issue 18, Page(s) 26575–26598

Abstract	The present study exhibits a critical outlook on the poverty and livelihood vulnerability of the fisherman community in the context of persistent water pollution of the Churni River. The logistic regression model has identified eight factors influencing the poverty of the study area while the entropy weight method identifies the livelihood vulnerability of the fishermen. The livelihood vulnerability index of the upper stretch of the river is higher (0.65-0.67) compared to that of the lower stretch (0.46-0.57). The typical spatiality in poverty and livelihood vulnerability is triggered by the fragility of fishing livelihoods in the wake of lower concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO), and higher BOD, COD, ammonia, nitrate and phosphate mainly due to industrial water pollution. For example, average DO ranges from 1.65 mg/l (upper stretch) to 2.50 mg/l (lower stretch) while the average BOD ranges from 5.44 mg/l (lower stretch) to 9.42 mg/l (upper stretch). This pollution induces acute ecological stress concerning declining fish diversity (from 41 to 16 fish species at the upper stretch and 41 to 23 fish species at the lower stretch during 1980-2018) as well as productivity of the existing fish species. Therefore, paralysed fishing economy and high dependency of the fishermen on the Churni River have forced them to revolve into the vicious cycle of poverty and enduring fragile livelihoods. Thus, the fishermen adopt few coping strategies like access to the nearby wetland for fishing, diversity in earning strategy and environmental movements against pollution to reduce the intensity of vulnerability. The present study would help the regional planners to frame the participatory plans for the sustainability of the riverine ecology and economy.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Hunting ; India ; Poverty ; Rivers ; Water Pollution
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-02
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1178791-0
ISSN	1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
ISSN (online)	1614-7499
ISSN	0944-1344
DOI	10.1007/s11356-021-17719-5
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Article: Assessing the suitability of groundwater for irrigation in the light of natural forcing and anthropogenic influx: a study in the Gangetic West Bengal, India

Sarkar, Biplab / Islam, Aznarul

Environmental earth sciences. 2021 Dec., v. 80, no. 24

2021

Abstract: The present work intends to assess the suitability of groundwater for agricultural use based on 110 samples collected from 52 community development blocks in the Gangetic West Bengal, India. The dominant hydrochemical facies of the studied samples is Ca²⁺ ...

Abstract	The present work intends to assess the suitability of groundwater for agricultural use based on 110 samples collected from 52 community development blocks in the Gangetic West Bengal, India. The dominant hydrochemical facies of the studied samples is Ca²⁺–Mg²⁺–HCO₃⁻ (57.27%) followed by Mg²⁺–Ca²⁺–HCO₃⁻–Cl⁻ (19.09%). The undesirable electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) for about 25% of the samples have introduced a high salinity problem for crops. Moreover, the irrigation hazards measured in terms of sodium adsorption ratio, % Na, soluble sodium percentage, residual sodium carbonate, potential salinity, and permeability index indicate that more than 80% of the groundwater samples are suitable for agriculture. However, the magnesium adsorption ratio exhibits that about 39% of water samples are unsuitable for agriculture. A one-way ANOVA finds a statistically significant difference in irrigation hazards between samples located on the western and eastern banks of the Bhagirathi–Hooghly River. In general, the evolution of groundwater hydrochemistry and associated irrigation hazards is principally governed by rock dominance and silicate weathering as natural forcing. However, anthropogenic interventions in the form of sand mining from the river bed of the Ajay–Mayurakshi promote the high magnitude of silicate weathering and thereby inducing major hotspots of the irrigation hazards located on the western bank of the Bhagirathi–Hooghly River. Moreover, the high loadings of EC, TDS, and Cl⁻ registered in the first principal component indicate deterioration of groundwater quality largely due to the change of land use and land cover while the significant loadings of NO₃⁻ in the second principal component indicate groundwater pollution due to agricultural practice.
Keywords	adsorption ; community development ; electrical conductivity ; evolution ; groundwater ; groundwater contamination ; hydrochemistry ; irrigation ; land use and land cover maps ; magnesium ; permeability ; rivers ; salinity ; sand ; silicates ; sodium ; sodium adsorption ratio ; sodium carbonate ; stream channels ; water quality ; India
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-12
Size	p. 807.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2493699-6
ISSN	1866-6299 ; 1866-6280
ISSN (online)	1866-6299
ISSN	1866-6280
DOI	10.1007/s12665-021-10087-w
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Article: Evaluating the groundwater quality of Damodar Fan Delta (India) using fuzzy-AHP MCDM technique

Mahammad, Sadik / Islam, Aznarul

Applied water science. 2021 July, v. 11, no. 7

2021

Abstract: In recent years, groundwater pollution has become increasingly a serious environmental problem throughout the world due to increasing dependency on it for various purposes. The Damodar Fan Delta is one of the agriculture-dominated areas in West Bengal ... ...

Abstract	In recent years, groundwater pollution has become increasingly a serious environmental problem throughout the world due to increasing dependency on it for various purposes. The Damodar Fan Delta is one of the agriculture-dominated areas in West Bengal especially for rice cultivation and it has a serious constraint regarding groundwater quantity and quality. The present study aims to evaluate the groundwater quality parameters and spatial variation of groundwater quality index (GWQI) for 2019 using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) method. The 12 water quality parameters such as pH, TDS, iron (Fe⁻) and fluoride (F⁻), major anions (SO₄²⁻, Cl⁻, NO₃⁻, and HCO₃⁻), and cations (Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and K⁺) for the 29 sample wells of the study area were used for constructing the GWQI. This study used the FAHP method to define the weights of the different parameters for the GWQI. The results reveal that the bicarbonate content of 51% of sample wells exceeds the acceptable limit of drinking water, which is maximum in the study area. Furthermore, higher concentrations of TDS, pH, fluoride, chloride, calcium, magnesium, and sodium are found in few locations while nitrate and sulfate contents of all sample wells fall under the acceptable limits. The result shows that 13.79% of the samples are excellent, 68.97% of the samples are very good, 13.79% of the samples are poor, and 3.45% of the samples are very poor for drinking purposes. Moreover, it is observed that very poor quality water samples are located in the eastern part and the poor water wells are located in the northwestern and eastern part while excellent water quality wells are located in the western and central part of the study area. The understanding of the groundwater quality can help the policymakers for the proper management of water resources in the study area.
Keywords	bicarbonates ; calcium ; chlorides ; fluorides ; groundwater ; groundwater contamination ; iron ; magnesium ; nitrates ; pH ; rice ; sodium ; sulfates ; water quality ; India
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-07
Size	p. 107.
Publishing place	Springer International Publishing
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	2594789-8
ISSN	2190-5495 ; 2190-5487
ISSN (online)	2190-5495
ISSN	2190-5487
DOI	10.1007/s13201-021-01408-2
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Article: Economic transformation in the wake of flood: a case of the lower stretch of the Mayurakshi River Basin, India

Islam, Aznarul / Ghosh, Susmita

Environment, development and sustainability. 2021 Oct., v. 23, no. 10

2021

Abstract: The flood hazard is very severe in the lower stretch of the Mayurakshi River Basin (MRB) in West Bengal, India. During the last 20 years (1998–2017), average flood frequency accounted for 9–12 times in the different community development blocks of the ... ...

Abstract	The flood hazard is very severe in the lower stretch of the Mayurakshi River Basin (MRB) in West Bengal, India. During the last 20 years (1998–2017), average flood frequency accounted for 9–12 times in the different community development blocks of the lower MRB. An empirical socio-economic survey has been executed over a randomly selected 2382 households across 43 villages of Murshidabad District to assess the impact of the flood on the economic conditions of the villages. The economic transformation is reflected through the increasing occupational diversification (e.g. Herfindahl–Hirshman index: 1.94 in 1998 and 2.26 2018 in Kandi), increasing per capita income (e.g. 1998: Indian National Rupee (INR) 502.23; 2018: INR 1203.70 in Kandi), decreasing poverty level (e.g. head count ratio 63.41% in 1998 and 42.42% in 2018 in Kandi) and more savings and lesser amount loan due to flood. This typical economic transformation is driven by five major in situ factors (decreasing cropping intensity and diversity, seasonal unemployment, increasing flood-induced expenditure and damages to properties and assets) that act as push factors for the traditional agrarian economy and one ex situ factor (international labour migration) that acts as the pull factor for the non-agrarian economy. The per capita per month receipt of remittances for the families having the labour migrants in the Middle East countries ranges from INR 2000 (Ibrahimpur) to INR 5375 (Dakshin Gopinathpur) that absorbs the shocks induced by flood. Thus, local economy flourishes in the areas of frequent flood and consequent labour migration compared to less flood-prone areas.
Keywords	community development ; environment ; labor ; loans ; poverty ; socioeconomics ; surveys ; unemployment ; watersheds ; India ; Middle East
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-10
Size	p. 15550-15590.
Publishing place	Springer Netherlands
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1438730-x
ISSN	1387-585X
ISSN	1387-585X
DOI	10.1007/s10668-021-01310-6
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Social engineering as shock absorbing mechanism against bank erosion: a study along Bhagirathi river, West Bengal, India

Islam, Aznarul / Guchhait, Sanat Kumar

International journal of river basin management. 2021 July 3, v. 19, no. 3

2021

Abstract: The issue of bank erosion is very severe in the lower stretch of Bhagirathi River in West Bengal, India. During 1984–2012 the average annual rate of bank line shifting at the selected cross sections was computed to be oscillating around 10 m year⁻¹. ... ...

Abstract	The issue of bank erosion is very severe in the lower stretch of Bhagirathi River in West Bengal, India. During 1984–2012 the average annual rate of bank line shifting at the selected cross sections was computed to be oscillating around 10 m year⁻¹. Micro-level socio-economic survey portrayed that greater than 45 per cent farmers lost about 90 per cent landed property in some villages during 1970–2012 transforming large as well as marginal farmers into landless refugees. The immediate shock of land loss is reflected through decrease in per capita income. Head count ratio, poverty gap index, and poverty severity index showed an increase of poverty by 10–15 per cent. Inverse Herfindahl-Hirschman index depicted a gradual rise in occupational diversification during 1970–2012 (e.g. 1970:1.47, 1990:1.85 and 2012:2.66 for Rukunpur). To reduce the disaster risk of bank erosion, various structural measures (e.g. dyking with geotextile) that were undertaken proved futile subsequently. Therefore, the present enquiry attempts to propose some social engineering methods as shock absorbing mechanism against the threats of land-based agrarian economy. These are the three in situ modes of economic adjustment using local available resources (non-land-based household manufacturing, common property resource management, development of indigenous small scale and cottage industry) and one ex situ economic adjustment by developing labour migration.
Keywords	bank erosion ; geotextiles ; labor ; poverty ; resource management ; risk ; rivers ; small businesses ; socioeconomics ; surveys ; watersheds ; India
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0703
Size	p. 379-392.
Publishing place	Taylor & Francis
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2568945-9
ISSN	1814-2060 ; 1571-5124
ISSN (online)	1814-2060
ISSN	1571-5124
DOI	10.1080/15715124.2019.1574263
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Article: Environmental flow in the context of dams and development with special reference to the Damodar Valley Project, India: a review.

Hoque, Md Mofizul / Islam, Aznarul / Ghosh, Sandipan

Sustainable water resources management

2022 Volume 8, Issue 3, Page(s) 62

Abstract: Environmental flow is the minimum flow required in a fluvial system to maintain its ecological health and to promote socio-economic sustainability. The present work critically examines the concept of the environmental flow in the context of dams and ... ...

Abstract	Environmental flow is the minimum flow required in a fluvial system to maintain its ecological health and to promote socio-economic sustainability. The present work critically examines the concept of the environmental flow in the context of dams and development using a systematic methodology to find out the previous works published during the last 3 decades (1990-2020) in different search engines and websites. The study reviews that structural interventions in the form of dams, barrages, weirs, etc. impede the natural flow of the rivers. Moreover, other forms of development such as industrialization, urbanization, and expansion of modern agriculture also exacerbate the problems of environmental flow across the world, especially in monsoon Asia. The present case of the environmental flow for the Damodar River portrays that the construction of dams and barrages under the Damodar Valley Project have significantly altered the flow duration, flood frequency, and magnitude (high-frequency low magnitude events in the post-dam period), while urban-industrial growth in the basin has polluted the river water (e.g., lower dissolved oxygen and higher biological oxygen demand). This typical alteration in the flow characteristics and water quality has threatened aquatic organisms, especially fish diversity and community structure. This review will make the readers aware of the long-term result of dam-induced fluvial metamorphosis in the environment through the assessment of environmental flow, species diversity, flow fluctuation, and river pollution. The study may be useful for policy-making for ushering in the sustainable development pattern that will attract future researchers, planners, and stakeholders.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2823488-1
ISSN	2363-5045 ; 2363-5037
ISSN (online)	2363-5045
ISSN	2363-5037
DOI	10.1007/s40899-022-00646-9
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Article ; Online: Geospatial assessment of groundwater quality using entropy-based irrigation water quality index and heavy metal pollution indices.

Mahammad, Sadik / Islam, Aznarul / Shit, Pravat Kumar

Environmental science and pollution research international

2022 Volume 30, Issue 55, Page(s) 116498–116521

Abstract: Groundwater contamination has become a serious environmental threat throughout the world in the era of Anthropocene. Thus, the present study examined the groundwater quality for irrigation purposes based on the entropy method and heavy metal pollution ... ...

Abstract	Groundwater contamination has become a serious environmental threat throughout the world in the era of Anthropocene. Thus, the present study examined the groundwater quality for irrigation purposes based on the entropy method and heavy metal pollution indices. To compute the entropy-based groundwater irrigation quality index (EIWQI), physicochemical parameters such as pH, chloride (Cl
MeSH term(s)	Water Quality ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Entropy ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Groundwater ; Metals, Heavy/analysis ; India ; Sodium
Chemical Substances	Water Pollutants, Chemical ; Metals, Heavy ; Sodium (9NEZ333N27)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-19
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1178791-0
ISSN	1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
ISSN (online)	1614-7499
ISSN	0944-1344
DOI	10.1007/s11356-022-20665-5
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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