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Article ; Online: Plant and Salamander Inspired Network Attack Detection and Data Recovery Model.

Sharma, Rupam Kumar / Issac, Biju / Xin, Qin / Gadekallu, Thippa Reddy / Nath, Keshab

2023 Volume 23, Issue 12

Abstract: The number of users of the Internet has been continuously rising, with an estimated 5.1 billion users in 2023, which comprises around 64.7% of the total world population. This indicates the rise of more connected devices to the network. On average, 30, ... ...

Abstract	The number of users of the Internet has been continuously rising, with an estimated 5.1 billion users in 2023, which comprises around 64.7% of the total world population. This indicates the rise of more connected devices to the network. On average, 30,000 websites are hacked daily, and nearly 64% of companies worldwide experience at least one type of cyberattack. As per IDC's 2022 Ransomware study, two-thirds of global organizations were hit by a ransomware attack that year. This creates the desire for a more robust and evolutionary attack detection and recovery model. One aspect of the study is the bio-inspiration models. This is because of the natural ability of living organisms to withstand various odd circumstances and overcome them with an optimization strategy. In contrast to the limitations of machine learning models with the need for quality datasets and computational availability, bio-inspired models can perform in low computational environments, and their performances are designed to evolve naturally with time. This study concentrates on exploring the evolutionary defence mechanism in plants and understanding how plants react to any known external attacks and how the response mechanism changes to unknown attacks. This study also explores how regenerative models, such as salamander limb regeneration, could build a network recovery system where services could be automatically activated after a network attack, and data could be recovered automatically by the network after a ransomware-like attack. The performance of the proposed model is compared to open-source IDS Snort and data recovery systems such as Burp and Casandra.
MeSH term(s)	Biological Evolution ; Internet ; Machine Learning
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s23125562
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Article ; Online: AndroMalPack: enhancing the ML-based malware classification by detection and removal of repacked apps for Android systems.

Rafiq, Husnain / Aslam, Nauman / Aleem, Muhammad / Issac, Biju / Randhawa, Rizwan Hamid

Scientific reports

2022 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 19534

Abstract: Due to the widespread usage of Android smartphones in the present era, Android malware has become a grave security concern. The research community relies on publicly available datasets to keep pace with evolving malware. However, a plethora of apps in ... ...

Abstract	Due to the widespread usage of Android smartphones in the present era, Android malware has become a grave security concern. The research community relies on publicly available datasets to keep pace with evolving malware. However, a plethora of apps in those datasets are mere clones of previously identified malware. The reason is that instead of creating novel versions, malware authors generally repack existing malicious applications to create malware clones with minimal effort and expense. This paper investigates three benchmark Android malware datasets to quantify repacked malware using package names-based similarity. We consider 5560 apps from the Drebin dataset, 24,533 apps from the AMD and 695,470 apps from the AndroZoo dataset for analysis. Our analysis reveals that 52.3% apps in Drebin, 29.8% apps in the AMD and 42.3% apps in the AndroZoo dataset are repacked malware. Furthermore, we present AndroMalPack, an Android malware detector trained on clones-free datasets and optimized using Nature-inspired algorithms. Although trained on a reduced version of datasets, AndroMalPack classifies novel and repacked malware with a remarkable detection accuracy of up to 98.2% and meagre false-positive rates. Finally, we publish a dataset of cloned apps in Drebin, AMD, and AndrooZoo to foster research in the repacked malware analysis domain.
MeSH term(s)	Algorithms ; Smartphone ; Data Collection
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-022-23766-w
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Book: Case studies in secure computing

Israr, Nauman / Issac, Biju

achievements and trends

2014

Author's details	ed. by Biju Issac and Nauman Israr
Keywords	Computer networks/Security measures ; Computer security
Language	English
Size	XXII, 478 S., Ill., graph. Darst.
Publisher	CRC Press/Auerbach
Publishing place	Boca Raton, Fla. u.a.
Document type	Book
Note	Editors: Dr. Biju Issac and Dr. Nauman Israr (School of Computing, Teesside University, UK) ; Version date: 20140508. - Includes bibliographical references and index
ISBN	9781482207064 ; 9781482207071 ; 1482207060 ; 1482207079
Database	Library catalogue of the German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB), Hannover

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Book: Case studies in intelligent computing

Israr, Nauman / Issac, Biju

achievements and trends

2014

Abstract: Intelligent software can come to decisions on its own, based on the training on a data set - which makes Artificial Intelligence (AI) a primary area of research these days. AI is the study and design of a system that comprehends its environment and ... ...

Author's details	ed. by Biju Issac and Nauman Israr
Abstract	"Intelligent software can come to decisions on its own, based on the training on a data set - which makes Artificial Intelligence (AI) a primary area of research these days. AI is the study and design of a system that comprehends its environment and makes decisions that maximize its chances of success. In most cases it is an application intelligence that evolves over time and gets better with fewer errors. In others it can be an intelligence derived out of a set of options or constraints"-- "The book is a modern introduction to the whole field of intelligent systems, also known as artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence has grown significantly in recent years and many texts and resources have failed to keep up with this important technology. The book takes a modern, 21st century approach to the concepts of artificial intelligence and includes the latest developments, developmental tools, programming, and approaches related to AI"--
Keywords	Artificial intelligence/Industrial applications ; Artificial intelligence/Research ; Computational intelligence/Industrial applications ; Computational intelligence/Research ; Intelligent agents (Computer software)
Language	English
Size	XXV, 567 S., Ill., graph. Darst.
Publisher	CRC Press/Auerbach
Publishing place	Boca Raton, Fla. u.a.
Document type	Book
Note	Editors: Dr. Biju Issac and Dr. Nauman Israr (School of Computing, Teesside University, UK) ; Version date: 20140508. - Includes bibliographical references and index
ISBN	9781482207033 ; 9781482207040 ; 1482207036 ; 1482207044
Database	Library catalogue of the German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB), Hannover

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Article ; Online: Genome-wide analysis of spina bifida risk variants in a case-control study from Bangladesh.

Tindula, Gwen / Issac, Biju / Mukherjee, Sudipta Kumer / Ekramullah, Sheikh Muhammad / Arman, D M / Islam, Joynul / Suchanda, Hafiza Sultana / Sun, Liang / Rockowitz, Shira / Christiani, David C / Warf, Benjamin C / Mazumdar, Maitreyi

Birth defects research

2024 Volume 116, Issue 3, Page(s) e2331

Abstract: Background: Human studies of genetic risk factors for neural tube defects, severe birth defects associated with long-term health consequences in surviving children, have predominantly been restricted to a subset of candidate genes in specific biological ...

Abstract	Background: Human studies of genetic risk factors for neural tube defects, severe birth defects associated with long-term health consequences in surviving children, have predominantly been restricted to a subset of candidate genes in specific biological pathways including folate metabolism. Methods: In this study, we investigated the association of genetic variants spanning the genome with risk of spina bifida (i.e., myelomeningocele and meningocele) in a subset of families enrolled from December 2016 through December 2022 in a case-control study in Bangladesh, a population often underrepresented in genetic studies. Saliva DNA samples were analyzed using the Illumina Global Screening Array. We performed genetic association analyses to compare allele frequencies between 112 case and 121 control children, 272 mothers, and 128 trios. Results: In the transmission disequilibrium test analyses with trios only, we identified three novel exonic spina bifida risk loci, including rs140199800 (SULT1C2, p = 1.9 × 10 Conclusions: This study identified three novel single nucleotide polymorphisms involved in biological pathways not previously associated with neural tube defects. The study warrants replication in larger groups to validate findings and to inform targeted prevention strategies.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Case-Control Studies ; Bangladesh ; Spinal Dysraphism/genetics ; Neural Tube Defects ; Meningocele
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2104792-3
ISSN	2472-1727
ISSN (online)	2472-1727
DOI	10.1002/bdr2.2331
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Zs.A 749: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Long-Term Characteristics of Human-Derived Biliary Organoids under a Single Continuous Culture Condition.

Aktas, Ranan G / Karski, Michael / Issac, Biju / Sun, Liang / Rockowitz, Shira / Sliz, Piotr / Vakili, Khashayar

Cells

2022 Volume 11, Issue 23

Abstract: Organoids have been used to investigate the three-dimensional (3D) organization and function of their respective organs. These self-organizing 3D structures offer a distinct advantage over traditional two-dimensional (2D) culture techniques by creating a ...

Abstract	Organoids have been used to investigate the three-dimensional (3D) organization and function of their respective organs. These self-organizing 3D structures offer a distinct advantage over traditional two-dimensional (2D) culture techniques by creating a more physiologically relevant milieu to study complex biological systems. The goal of this study was to determine the feasibility of establishing organoids from various pediatric liver diseases and characterize the long-term evolution of cholangiocyte organoids (chol-orgs) under a single continuous culture condition. We established chol-orgs from 10 different liver conditions and characterized their multicellular organization into complex epithelial structures through budding, merging, and lumen formation. Immunofluorescent staining, electron microscopy, and single-nucleus RNA (snRNA-seq) sequencing confirmed the cholangiocytic nature of the chol-orgs. There were significant cell population differences in the transcript profiles of two-dimensional and organoid cultures based on snRNA-seq. Our study provides an approach for the generation and long-term maintenance of chol-orgs from various pediatric liver diseases under a single continuous culture condition.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2661518-6
ISSN	2073-4409 ; 2073-4409
ISSN (online)	2073-4409
ISSN	2073-4409
DOI	10.3390/cells11233797
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Article: Enteric glia regulate Paneth cell secretion and intestinal microbial ecology.

Prochera, Aleksandra / Muppirala, Anoohya N / Kuziel, Gavin A / Soualhi, Salima / Shepherd, Amy / Sun, Liang / Issac, Biju / Rosenberg, Harry J / Karim, Farah / Perez, Kristina / Smith, Kyle H / Archibald, Tonora H / Rakoff-Nahoum, Seth / Hagen, Susan J / Rao, Meenakshi

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2024

Abstract: Glial cells of the enteric nervous system (ENS) interact closely with the intestinal epithelium and secrete signals that influence epithelial cell proliferation and barrier ... ...

Abstract	Glial cells of the enteric nervous system (ENS) interact closely with the intestinal epithelium and secrete signals that influence epithelial cell proliferation and barrier formation
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2024.04.15.589545
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Article ; Online: Glial dysregulation in the human brain in fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome.

Dias, Caroline M / Issac, Biju / Sun, Liang / Lukowicz, Abigail / Talukdar, Maya / Akula, Shyam K / Miller, Michael B / Walsh, Katherine / Rockowitz, Shira / Walsh, Christopher A

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2023 Volume 120, Issue 23, Page(s) e2300052120

Abstract: Short trinucleotide expansions at the FMR1 locus are associated with the late-onset condition fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), which shows very different clinical and pathological features from fragile X syndrome (associated with ... ...

Abstract	Short trinucleotide expansions at the FMR1 locus are associated with the late-onset condition fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), which shows very different clinical and pathological features from fragile X syndrome (associated with longer expansions), with no clear molecular explanation for these marked differences. One prevailing theory posits that the shorter, premutation expansion uniquely causes extreme neurotoxic increases in FMR1 mRNA (i.e., four to eightfold increases), but evidence to support this hypothesis is largely derived from analysis of peripheral blood. We applied single-nucleus RNA sequencing to postmortem frontal cortex and cerebellum from 7 individuals with premutation and matched controls (n = 6) to assess cell type-specific molecular neuropathology. We found only modest upregulation (~1.3-fold) of FMR1 in some glial populations associated with premutation expansions. In premutation cases, we also identified decreased astrocyte proportions in the cortex. Differential expression and gene ontology analysis demonstrated altered neuroregulatory roles of glia. Using network analyses, we identified cell type-specific and region-specific patterns of FMR1 protein target gene dysregulation unique to premutation cases, with notable network dysregulation in the cortical oligodendrocyte lineage. We used pseudotime trajectory analysis to determine how oligodendrocyte development was altered and identified differences in early gene expression in oligodendrocyte trajectories in premutation cases specifically, implicating early cortical glial developmental perturbations. These findings challenge dogma regarding extremely elevated
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Fragile X Syndrome/pathology ; Tremor/genetics ; Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion ; Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein/genetics ; Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein/metabolism ; Ataxia/genetics ; Ataxia/pathology ; Brain/metabolism ; Astrocytes/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (139135-51-6) ; FMR1 protein, human
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	209104-5
ISSN	1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
ISSN (online)	1091-6490
ISSN	0027-8424
DOI	10.1073/pnas.2300052120
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Zs.A 1148: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Novel insights into TOR signalling in Saccharomyces cerevisiae through Torin2.

Kumar, Pavan / Awasthi, Ankita / Nain, Vikrant / Issac, Biju / Puria, Rekha

Gene

2018 Volume 669, Page(s) 15–27

Abstract: Target of rapamycin (TOR) regulates cellular homeostasis by coordinating cellular growth pathways in response to different environmental signals. Rapamycin, an allosteric TOR complex 1 (TORC1) inhibitor, has proven to be invaluable for elucidating ... ...

Abstract	Target of rapamycin (TOR) regulates cellular homeostasis by coordinating cellular growth pathways in response to different environmental signals. Rapamycin, an allosteric TOR complex 1 (TORC1) inhibitor, has proven to be invaluable for elucidating various aspects of the TOR signalling pathway; however, its applications are limited due to its inability to completely suppress TORC2. In the present study, we examined the effects of a newly discovered potent TOR inhibitor, Torin2, which inhibits both TORC1 and TORC2, on Saccharomyces cerevisiae growth. Genome-scale expression profiling of Torin2 treated yeast cells showed an expression profile similar to that of other TOR inhibitors such as rapamycin and caffeine. Distinct inhibition of cell growth by Torin2 treatment is indicated by the fact that a smaller number of transcripts are altered, compared to the changes after rapamycin and caffeine treatments. Our results revealed that Torin2 leads to increased expression of the calcineurin pathway genes favouring a synergistic therapeutic response of Torin2 in combination with calcineurin inhibitors. Further, Torin2 causes defective bud site selection during asymmetric cell division, indicating a role of TOR signalling in regulation of the budding pattern. Torin2 treated yeast cells exhibit increased expression of metalloreductases which affects iron homeostasis leading to iron toxicity. Notably, the enhanced expression of TOR1 and TOR2 rescue the Torin2 augmented iron toxicity of yeast cell. This study has revealed novel conduits and our results suggest that using Torin2 will enable the dissection of TORC2 mediated functions of the TOR signalling pathway.
MeSH term(s)	Calcineurin/metabolism ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Iron/toxicity ; Naphthyridines/pharmacology ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/drug effects ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzymology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/growth & development ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
Chemical Substances	9-(6-aminopyridin-3-yl)-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)benzo(h)(1,6)naphthyridin-2(1H)-one ; Naphthyridines ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Iron (E1UOL152H7) ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases (EC 2.7.11.1) ; target of rapamycin protein, S cerevisiae (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Calcineurin (EC 3.1.3.16)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-08-30
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	391792-7
ISSN	1879-0038 ; 0378-1119
ISSN (online)	1879-0038
ISSN	0378-1119
DOI	10.1016/j.gene.2018.05.081
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Zs.A 1357: Show issues

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Book ; Online: Case Studies in Intelligent Computing

Issac, Biju / Israr, Nauman

Achievements and Trends

2014

Abstract: Although the field of intelligent systems has grown rapidly in recent years, there has been a need for a book that supplies a timely and accessible understanding of this important technology. Filling this need, Case Studies in Intelligent Computing: ... ...

Abstract	Although the field of intelligent systems has grown rapidly in recent years, there has been a need for a book that supplies a timely and accessible understanding of this important technology. Filling this need, Case Studies in Intelligent Computing: Achievements and Trends provides an up-to-date introduction to intelligent systems.This edited book captures the state of the art in intelligent computing research through case studies that examine recent developments, developmental tools, programming, and approaches related to artificial intelligence (AI). The case studies illustrate successful ma
Language	English
Size	Online-Ressource (576 p)
Publisher	Taylor and Francis
Publishing place	Hoboken
Document type	Book ; Online
Note	Description based upon print version of record
ISBN	9781482207033 ; 1482207036
Database	Library catalogue of the German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB), Hannover

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