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Article ; Online: Evaluation of organophosphorus pesticide tyrosine adducts for postmortem change by human serum albumin with liquid chromatography quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry.

Yamagishi, Yoshikazu / Nagasawa, Sayaka / Iwase, Hirotaro / Ogra, Yasumitsu

Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology

2024 Volume 199, Issue 1, Page(s) 40–48

Abstract: Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) having a phosphate ester moiety, such as malathion (MA) and methidathion (DMTP), are widely used and have been detected in many fatal cases of accidental exposure or suicide in Japan. In forensic toxicology, the ... ...

Abstract	Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) having a phosphate ester moiety, such as malathion (MA) and methidathion (DMTP), are widely used and have been detected in many fatal cases of accidental exposure or suicide in Japan. In forensic toxicology, the accurate determination of blood OPP concentration is mandatory to prove death by OPP poisoning. However, fatal pesticide concentration in blood at autopsy varies depending on the circumstances surrounding the dead body. In this study, we found that 16 OPPs were degraded by human serum albumin (HSA) in a temperature-dependent fashion. The mechanism underlying MA, DMTP, azinphos-methyl, etrimfos, fenthion (MPP), pirimiphos-methyl, (E)-dimethylvinphos, (Z)-dimethylvinphos, vamidothion, edifenphos (EDDP), fosthiazate, and pyraclofos degradation involves the formation of adducts with tyrosine residues in HSA. The mass spectra obtained by liquid chromatography quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry revealed that phosphate ester amino acid adducts such as Y-adduct1, Y-adduct2, Y-adduct3, Y-adduct4, and Y-adduct5 were formed in HSA solution incubated with OPPs. These results indicate that the 16 OPPs are postmortem changed by HSA. The detection of phosphate ester amino acid adducts such as Y-adduct1, Y-adduct2, Y-adduct3, Y-adduct4, and Y-adduct5, instead of MA, DMTP, azinphos-methyl, etrimfos, MPP, pirimiphos-methyl, (E)-dimethylvinphos, (Z)-dimethylvinphos, vamidothion, EDDP, fosthiazate, and pyraclofos per se, may be used to determine death by these OPPs poisoning.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Organophosphorus Compounds/toxicity ; Organophosphorus Compounds/chemistry ; Tyrosine/analogs & derivatives ; Pesticides/toxicity ; Pesticides/chemistry ; Serum Albumin, Human/chemistry ; Postmortem Changes ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Mass Spectrometry/methods ; Forensic Toxicology/methods
Chemical Substances	Organophosphorus Compounds ; Tyrosine (42HK56048U) ; Pesticides ; Serum Albumin, Human (ZIF514RVZR)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1420885-4
ISSN	1096-0929 ; 1096-6080
ISSN (online)	1096-0929
ISSN	1096-6080
DOI	10.1093/toxsci/kfae023
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Article ; Online: Autopsy report of a sudden infant death that was strongly suspicious of Kawasaki disease.

Yokouchi, Yuki / Asakawa, Nanae / Iwase, Hirotaro / Nasu, Takeshi / Takahashi, Kei

Pathology international

2024

Abstract: We conducted an autopsy on a 3-month-old boy in whom Kawasaki disease (KD) was strongly suspected based on the autopsy findings. The infant had a fever and was brought to a nearby clinic, where he was prescribed antipyretics and kept under observation. ... ...

Abstract	We conducted an autopsy on a 3-month-old boy in whom Kawasaki disease (KD) was strongly suspected based on the autopsy findings. The infant had a fever and was brought to a nearby clinic, where he was prescribed antipyretics and kept under observation. However, 15 days after onset of the fever, he suddenly died in bed. He exhibited no obvious redness of the lips, tongue, or conjunctiva. Membranous desquamation was present on his distal fingers. Vasculitis was observed in the coronary arteries, renal artery, splenic artery, and pulmonary vein. In addition, coronary artery aneurysms were present in the right coronary artery and left anterior descending artery. Thrombotic occlusion was observed in one aneurysm in the right coronary artery, resulting in acute myocardial infarction. The coronary artery wall showed infiltration of numerous macrophages and neutrophils. This case was classified as incomplete KD because the coronary artery aneurysm could not be demonstrated before death and was only recognized at autopsy. Pathologists and forensic scientists need to be aware that there are cases in which KD goes undiagnosed and untreated, leading to coronary artery aneurysm formation and sudden death.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-15
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	1194850-4
ISSN	1440-1827 ; 1320-5463
ISSN (online)	1440-1827
ISSN	1320-5463
DOI	10.1111/pin.13437
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Article ; Online: Estimation of ancestry from cranial measurements based on MDCT data acquired in a Japanese and Western Australian population.

Torimitsu, Suguru / Nakazawa, Akari / Flavel, Ambika / Swift, Lauren / Makino, Yohsuke / Iwase, Hirotaro / Franklin, Daniel

International journal of legal medicine

2024 Volume 138, Issue 3, Page(s) 1193–1203

Abstract: The estimation of ancestry is important not only towards establishing identity but also as a required precursor to facilitating the accurate estimation of other attributes such as sex, age at death, and stature. The present study aims to analyze ... ...

Abstract	The estimation of ancestry is important not only towards establishing identity but also as a required precursor to facilitating the accurate estimation of other attributes such as sex, age at death, and stature. The present study aims to analyze morphological variation in the crania of Japanese and Western Australian individuals and test predictive models based on machine learning for their potential forensic application. The Japanese and Western Australian samples comprise computed tomography (CT) scans of 230 (111 female; 119 male) and 225 adult individuals (112 female; 113 male), respectively. A total of 18 measurements were calculated, and machine learning methods (random forest modeling, RFM; support vector machine, SVM) were used to classify ancestry. The two-way unisex model achieved an overall accuracy of 93.2% for RFM and 97.1% for SVM, respectively. The four-way sex and ancestry model demonstrated an overall classification accuracy of 84.0% for RFM and 93.0% for SVM. The sex-specific models were most accurate in the female samples (♀ 95.1% for RFM and 100% for SVM; ♂91.4% for RFM and 97.4% for SVM). Our findings suggest that cranial measurements acquired in CT images can be used to accurately classify Japanese and Western Australian individuals into their respective population. This is the first study to assess the feasibility of ancestry estimation using three-dimensional CT images of the skull.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Female ; Japan ; Multidetector Computed Tomography ; Forensic Anthropology/methods ; Australia ; Skull/diagnostic imaging ; Skull/anatomy & histology ; Sex Determination by Skeleton/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-22
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1055109-8
ISSN	1437-1596 ; 0937-9827
ISSN (online)	1437-1596
ISSN	0937-9827
DOI	10.1007/s00414-024-03159-6
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Article ; Online: Population affinity estimation using pelvic measurements based on computed tomographic data acquired from Japanese and Western Australian populations.

Torimitsu, Suguru / Nakazawa, Akari / Flavel, Ambika / Swift, Lauren / Makino, Yohsuke / Iwase, Hirotaro / Franklin, Daniel

International journal of legal medicine

2024

Abstract: The present study analyzes morphological differences in the pelvis of Japanese and Western Australian individuals and investigates the feasibility of population affinity classification based on computed tomography (CT) data. The Japanese and Western ... ...

Abstract	The present study analyzes morphological differences in the pelvis of Japanese and Western Australian individuals and investigates the feasibility of population affinity classification based on computed tomography (CT) data. The Japanese and Western Australian samples comprise CT scans of 207 (103 females; 104 males) and 158 (78 females; 80 males) adult individuals, respectively. Following volumetric reconstruction, a total of 19 pelvic landmarks were obtained on each sample, and 11 measurements, including two angles, were calculated. Machine learning methods (random forest modeling [RFM] and support vector machine [SVM]) were used to classify population affinity. Classification accuracy of the two-way models was approximately 80% for RFM: the two-way sex-specific and sex-mixed models for SVM achieved > 90% and > 85%, respectively. The sex-specific models had higher accurate classification rates than the sex-mixed models, except for the Japanese male sample. The classification accuracy of the four-way sex and population affinity model had an overall classification accuracy of 76.71% for RFM and 87.67% for SVM. All the correct classification rates were higher in the Japanese relative to the Western Australian sample. Our data suggest that pelvic morphology is sufficiently distinct between Japanese and Western Australian individuals to facilitate the accurate classification of population affinity based on measurements acquired in CT images. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the feasibility of population affinity estimation based on CT images of the pelvis, which appears as a viable supplement to traditional approaches based on cranio-facial morphology.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-06
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1055109-8
ISSN	1437-1596 ; 0937-9827
ISSN (online)	1437-1596
ISSN	0937-9827
DOI	10.1007/s00414-024-03178-3
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Article ; Online: A Descriptive Study of the Characteristics of Homicide-Suicide in Forensic Autopsy Cases.

Oya, Yukiko / Ishihara, Kenji / Shiko, Yuki / Kawasaki, Yohei / Iwase, Hirotaro

Journal of interpersonal violence

2023 Volume 39, Issue 7-8, Page(s) 1473–1495

Abstract: Homicide followed by suicide (HS) is a tragic event with varied characteristics across countries and regions. Compared to Western countries, there are limited studies on HS in Asian countries. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the characteristics of ...

Abstract	Homicide followed by suicide (HS) is a tragic event with varied characteristics across countries and regions. Compared to Western countries, there are limited studies on HS in Asian countries. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the characteristics of recent HS cases by examining forensic autopsy records from 2008 to 2020 collected from the Department of Legal Medicine, Chiba University, in Japan. A total of 77 HS cases were identified, involving 77 perpetrators (52 completed suicides, 25 attempted suicides), with 28 perpetrator and 89 victim autopsies. Our findings showed that older adults accounted for nearly half of the victims; victims were mostly females, whereas most perpetrators were male. The most common HS relationship was that between a parent and a child. Autopsy findings showed that the most common cause of death was strangulation, and illegal drugs were detected only in a few cases; however, psychotropic drugs were detected in child victims. No obvious evidence of past child physical abuse by caregivers was found. In contrast, intimate partner violence (IPV) was present, with a history of IPV found in half of HS cases involving adult intimate partner relationships. Notably, gender differences in age and relationship to the victim were identified. Likewise, some perpetrators may have expressed their plans and intentions for HS before the event, which may represent an important sign for HS prevention. However, to accurately reveal the course of HS, nationwide integrated statistics, forensic autopsies, including toxicological analyses of the deceased; and forensic psychiatric perspectives, including psychological autopsy, are required.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Aged ; Homicide ; Autopsy ; Child Abuse ; Forensic Medicine ; Suicide, Attempted
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2028900-5
ISSN	1552-6518 ; 0886-2605
ISSN (online)	1552-6518
ISSN	0886-2605
DOI	10.1177/08862605231207616
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Article ; Online: Identification, measurement, and evaluation of blood concentrations of insulin glargine and insulin lispro by UPLC-MS-MS in a dead body suspected of insulin overdose.

Nagasawa, Sayaka / Yamaguchi, Rutsuko / Chiba, Fumiko / Torimitsu, Suguru / Iwase, Hirotaro

Journal of forensic sciences

2023 Volume 68, Issue 2, Page(s) 704–710

Abstract: Insulin preparations, which are drug treatments for diabetes, cause fatal hypoglycemia when an overdose is administered. Cases of homicide and suicide using these preparations have been reported and are of great forensic interest. However, there are few ... ...

Abstract	Insulin preparations, which are drug treatments for diabetes, cause fatal hypoglycemia when an overdose is administered. Cases of homicide and suicide using these preparations have been reported and are of great forensic interest. However, there are few reports assessing the postmortem concentration of insulin preparations, and it is often difficult to determine the cause of death. In the present study, we report a case of a suspected insulin glargine and insulin lispro overdose for suicide. A woman in her 30s had a history of mental illness and diabetes. The day before her death, she reported to her boyfriend that she had taken large doses of insulin preparations and prescription drugs. An autopsy revealed no fatal injuries or lesions. Drug screening tests revealed several prescription drugs, none of which showed toxic concentrations. Analysis using LC-MS/MS detected insulin glargine in the peripheral and cardiac blood at 429 μU/mL and 1362 μU/mL, respectively, whereas insulin lispro was detected in both the peripheral and cardiac blood at levels below the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ; <50 μU/mL). The cause of death was considered likely to be hypoglycemia caused by an overdose of insulin glargine. Insulin glargine is rapidly metabolized after subcutaneous administration and is rarely detected in the blood when used at therapeutic doses. There are no other reports on the quantification of insulin glargine parent compounds in postmortem samples, and this case provides important data on postmortem blood concentrations of insulin glargine intoxication.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Insulin Glargine ; Insulin Lispro ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Insulin, Long-Acting ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Insulin ; Hypoglycemia ; Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy ; Drug Overdose/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Insulin Glargine (2ZM8CX04RZ) ; Insulin Lispro ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Insulin, Long-Acting ; Blood Glucose ; Insulin
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	219216-0
ISSN	1556-4029 ; 0022-1198
ISSN (online)	1556-4029
ISSN	0022-1198
DOI	10.1111/1556-4029.15219
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Article ; Online: Evaluation of Post-Mortem Interaction between Hemoglobin and Oxime-Type Carbamate Pesticides.

Yamagishi, Yoshikazu / Nagasawa, Sayaka / Iwase, Hirotaro / Ogra, Yasumitsu

Chemical research in toxicology

2022 Volume 35, Issue 6, Page(s) 1110–1116

Abstract: Oxime-type carbamate pesticides having an oxime moiety such as aldicarb, butocarboxim, methomyl, oxamyl, and thiofanox are widely used and have been detected in many fatal cases of accidental exposure or suicide. In forensic toxicology, the accurate ... ...

Abstract	Oxime-type carbamate pesticides having an oxime moiety such as aldicarb, butocarboxim, methomyl, oxamyl, and thiofanox are widely used and have been detected in many fatal cases of accidental exposure or suicide. In forensic toxicology, the accurate determination of blood pesticide concentration is obligatory to prove death by oxime-type carbamate pesticide poisoning. However, the fatal pesticide concentration in blood at autopsy differs from that at the time of death. In this study, we found that oxime-type carbamate pesticides were decomposed by Hb in a temperature-dependent fashion. The mechanism underlying methomyl, aldicarb, oxamyl, and thiofanox decomposition involves the formation of adducts with the amino acids in Hb. With regard to butocarboxim, its decomposition involves the oxidation of the free form and the formation of adducts with the amino acids in Hb. The mass spectra obtained by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry revealed that carbamylated amino acid adducts such as W
MeSH term(s)	Aldicarb ; Amino Acids ; Autopsy ; Carbamates ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors ; Hemoglobins/analysis ; Humans ; Methomyl/chemistry ; Oximes ; Pesticides/analysis
Chemical Substances	Amino Acids ; Carbamates ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors ; Hemoglobins ; Oximes ; Pesticides ; Methomyl (1NQ08HN02S) ; Aldicarb (8V071SH05P)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	639353-6
ISSN	1520-5010 ; 0893-228X
ISSN (online)	1520-5010
ISSN	0893-228X
DOI	10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00092
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Zs.A 2320: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Post-mortem interaction between methidathion and human serum albumin in blood.

Yamagishi, Yoshikazu / Nagasawa, Sayaka / Iwase, Hirotaro / Ogra, Yasumitsu

The Journal of toxicological sciences

2022 Volume 47, Issue 4, Page(s) 139–146

Abstract: Methidathion [3-(dimethoxyphosphinothioylsulfanylmethyl)-5-methoxy-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-one; hereinafter DMTP], one of the most widely used organophosphorus pesticides, has been detected in some clinical cases of accidental exposure and suicide in Japan. ... ...

Abstract	Methidathion [3-(dimethoxyphosphinothioylsulfanylmethyl)-5-methoxy-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-one; hereinafter DMTP], one of the most widely used organophosphorus pesticides, has been detected in some clinical cases of accidental exposure and suicide in Japan. It has been reported that DMTP concentration is decreased in blood. In this study, it is difficult to recover DMTP in the free form because DMTP is bound to human serum albumin (HSA). We detected DMTP adducts in HSA by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q/TOF-MS). The mass spectra showed that DMTP was preferably bound to the lysine (K), tyrosine (Y), and cysteinylproline (CP) residues of HSA. The concentrations of K-adduct, DMTP-Y-adduct and DMTP-CP-adduct were increased in vitro in a dose-dependent fashion when DMTP concentration was lower than the lethal dose. Furthermore, the DMTP-Y-adduct and DMTP-CP-adduct were also detected in post-mortem blood of an autopsied subject who died by intentional DMTP ingestion. The results suggested that the DMTP-Y-adduct and DMTP-CP-adduct could be used as a biomarker of DMTP poisoning, and the decrease concentration of DMTP in blood after death could be determined on the basis of the concentration of the DMTP-CP-adduct in blood.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Organophosphorus Compounds ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Pesticides ; Serum Albumin, Human
Chemical Substances	Organophosphorus Compounds ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Pesticides ; methidathion (Y2P145U7KK) ; Serum Albumin, Human (ZIF514RVZR)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-31
Publishing country	Japan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	770623-6
ISSN	1880-3989 ; 0388-1350
ISSN (online)	1880-3989
ISSN	0388-1350
DOI	10.2131/jts.47.139
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Zs.A 1682: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Reform of the death investigation system in Japan.

Ishihara, Kenji / Iwase, Hirotaro

Medicine, science, and the law

2020 Volume 60, Issue 3, Page(s) 216–222

Abstract: The autopsy rate in Japan is lower than that in other countries, and most death investigations have historically been conducted by police officers through external inspection. Although medicolegal autopsy was not performed during the samurai ... ...

Abstract	The autopsy rate in Japan is lower than that in other countries, and most death investigations have historically been conducted by police officers through external inspection. Although medicolegal autopsy was not performed during the samurai administration, the European death investigation system was adopted in the second half of the 19th century and judicial autopsy began in universities' forensic medicine departments. After World War II, the medical examiner system was introduced under US influence, but it was only adopted in certain areas. Further reforms were introduced in the 21st century-in 2012, two laws relating to death investigation were enacted:
MeSH term(s)	Autopsy/history ; Autopsy/standards ; Forensic Medicine/history ; Forensic Medicine/legislation & jurisprudence ; Forensic Medicine/organization & administration ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Japan
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Historical Article ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	301137-9
ISSN	2042-1818 ; 0025-8024
ISSN (online)	2042-1818
ISSN	0025-8024
DOI	10.1177/0025802420916590
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Article: Factors associated with methamphetamine use in Japanese people who died of unnatural causes: Analysis using forensic autopsy reports

Mizuno, Satomi / Ono, Sachiko / Yasunaga, Hideo / Iwase, Hirotaro

Forensic science international. 2021 Oct., v. 327

2021

Abstract: This study aimed to examine factors related to methamphetamine use in Japanese people who died of unnatural causes. This study used a cross-sectional design. A total of 3343 forensic autopsy reports were obtained from two forensic medicine departments in ...

Abstract	This study aimed to examine factors related to methamphetamine use in Japanese people who died of unnatural causes. This study used a cross-sectional design. A total of 3343 forensic autopsy reports were obtained from two forensic medicine departments in the Kanto region of Japan. We classified the decedents who underwent forensic autopsies into methamphetamine/amphetamine (MA) and undetected (comparison) groups based on toxicological examination. We matched the decedents in the MA group with those in the comparison group at a 1:4 ratio based on sex and age. The variables, including gang members, criminal records, tattoos, body mass index, infections, concurrent psychotropic drug use, and cause of death, were compared between the groups. Of the 3343 decedents, we matched 109 in the MA group with 436 in the comparison group. Methamphetamine use was significantly associated with gang membership (13.8% vs. 3%, p < 0.001), criminal records unrelated to methamphetamine (47.7% vs. 13.8%, p < 0.001), tattoos (29.2% vs. 6.4%, p < 0.001), and hepatitis C virus infection (48.0% vs. 3.6%, p < 0.001). One-third of the patients in the MA group died from poisoning. This is the first study to show the physical and social characteristics associated with methamphetamine use in Japanese people who died of unnatural causes. Our results could be extended to people with methamphetamine use disorder at risk of death and enable the development of policies and practices to provide necessary intervention in a timely manner.
Keywords	Japan ; Japanese people ; amphetamine ; body mass index ; death ; forensic sciences ; hepatitis C ; medicine ; methamphetamines ; necropsy ; psychotropic agents ; risk ; toxicology
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-10
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	424042-x
ISSN	1872-6283 ; 0379-0738
ISSN (online)	1872-6283
ISSN	0379-0738
DOI	10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110946
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