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Article: Obesity-Related Epigenetic Changes After Bariatric Surgery.

Izquierdo, Andrea G / Crujeiras, Ana B

2019 Volume 10, Page(s) 232

Abstract: Objective: ...

Abstract	Objective:
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2592084-4
ISSN	1664-2392
ISSN	1664-2392
DOI	10.3389/fendo.2019.00232
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Role of epigenomic mechanisms in the onset and management of insulin resistance.

Izquierdo, Andrea G / Crujeiras, Ana B

Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

2019 Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 89–102

Abstract: The prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) is increasing rapidly worldwide and it is a relevant health problem because it is associated with several diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disorders and cancer. Understanding the mechanisms ... ...

Abstract	The prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) is increasing rapidly worldwide and it is a relevant health problem because it is associated with several diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disorders and cancer. Understanding the mechanisms involved in IR onset and progression will open new avenues for identifying biomarkers for preventing and treating IR and its co-diseases. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation are important factors that mediate the environmental effect in the genome by regulating gene expression and consequently its effect on the phenotype and the development of disease. Taking into account that IR results from a complex interplay between genes and the environment and that epigenetic marks are reversible, disentangling the relationship between IR and epigenetics will provide new tools to improve the management and prevention of IR. Here, we review the current scientific evidence regarding the association between IR and epigenetic markers as mechanisms involved in IR development and potential management.
MeSH term(s)	Biomarkers/chemistry ; DNA Methylation/genetics ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics ; Epigenomics/methods ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance/genetics ; Insulin Resistance/physiology ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; RNA, Untranslated
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-03-18
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2185718-0
ISSN	1573-2606 ; 1389-9155
ISSN (online)	1573-2606
ISSN	1389-9155
DOI	10.1007/s11154-019-09485-0
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Article ; Online: Gender Dimorphism in Hepatic Carcinogenesis-Related Gene Expression Associated with Obesity as a Low-Grade Chronic Inflammatory Disease.

Izquierdo, Andrea G / Carreira, Marcos C / Rodriguez-Carnero, Gemma / Perez-Lois, Raquel / Seoane, Luisa M / Casanueva, Felipe F / Crujeiras, Ana B

International journal of molecular sciences

2022 Volume 23, Issue 23

Abstract: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) show clear evidence of sexual dimorphism, with a significantly higher incidence in males. Among the determining factors that could explain this sex-based difference, the ... ...

Abstract	Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) show clear evidence of sexual dimorphism, with a significantly higher incidence in males. Among the determining factors that could explain this sex-based difference, the specific distribution of fat by sex has been suggested as a primary candidate, since obesity is a relevant risk factor. In this context, obesity, considered a low-grade chronic inflammatory pathology and responsible for the promotion of liver disease, could lead to sexual dimorphism in the expression profile of genes related to tumor development. When we compared the expression levels of genes associated with the early stages of carcinogenesis in the liver between male and female diet-induced obesity (DIO) rats, we observed that the expression pattern was similar in obese male and female animals. Interestingly, the
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-30
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms232315002
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Article: Food components affecting the epigenome: “Ergogenetic” aids for performance

Izquierdo, Andrea G / Portela, Manuel / Lorenzo, Paula M / Mallo, Federico / Crujeiras, Ana B

PharmaNutrition. 2020 Dec., v. 14

2020

Abstract: The interest in epigenetics has grown exponentially in recent years and this is because epigenetic marks are present in most life processes. It is known that the epigenome is determined by different environmental factors such as diet or exercise. For ... ...

Abstract	The interest in epigenetics has grown exponentially in recent years and this is because epigenetic marks are present in most life processes. It is known that the epigenome is determined by different environmental factors such as diet or exercise. For athletes, improving performance during physical activity or reducing recovery times after training are key priorities that are currently focusing on research in the world of sports. Nutritional strategies are important tools for this purpose, since more and more dietary supplements are used as ergogenic potentials. Therefore and given that nutrition modulates gene expression through epigenetic modifications, recent studies have aimed to elucidate possible epigenetic mechanisms responsible for the link between dietary supplements for athletes and improving performance during exercise. Thus, in this review we cite the latest most relevant studies carried out to date in relation to epigenetic marks associated with sports supplementation and performance.
Keywords	epigenetics ; epigenome ; exercise ; gene expression
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-12
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ISSN	2213-4344
DOI	10.1016/j.phanu.2020.100231
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Leptin, Obesity, and Leptin Resistance: Where Are We 25 Years Later?

Izquierdo, Andrea G / Crujeiras, Ana B / Casanueva, Felipe F / Carreira, Marcos C

Nutrients

2019 Volume 11, Issue 11

Abstract: Leptin, a hormone that is capable of effectively reducing food intake and body weight, was initially considered for use in the treatment of obesity. However, obese subjects have since been found to have high levels of circulating leptin and to be ... ...

Abstract	Leptin, a hormone that is capable of effectively reducing food intake and body weight, was initially considered for use in the treatment of obesity. However, obese subjects have since been found to have high levels of circulating leptin and to be insensitive to the exogenous administration of leptin. The inability of leptin to exert its anorexigenic effects in obese individuals, and therefore, the lack of clinical utility of leptin in obesity, is defined as leptin resistance. This phenomenon has not yet been adequately characterized. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying leptin resistance is of vital importance for the application of leptin as an effective treatment for obesity. Leptin must cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to reach the hypothalamus and exert its anorexigenic functions. The mechanisms involved in leptin transportation across the blood-brain barrier continue to be unclear, thereby preventing the clinical application of leptin in the treatment of obesity. In recent years, new strategies have been developed to recover the response to leptin in obesity. We have summarized these strategies in this review.
MeSH term(s)	Adiposity/drug effects ; Anti-Obesity Agents/therapeutic use ; Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism ; Brain/drug effects ; Brain/metabolism ; Brain/physiopathology ; Capillary Permeability ; Feeding Behavior/drug effects ; Humans ; Leptin/metabolism ; Obesity/drug therapy ; Obesity/metabolism ; Obesity/physiopathology ; Obesity/psychology ; Signal Transduction ; Weight Gain/drug effects
Chemical Substances	Anti-Obesity Agents ; LEP protein, human ; Leptin
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu11112704
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Article: Leptin, Obesity, and Leptin Resistance: Where Are We 25 Years Later?

Izquierdo, Andrea G / Crujeiras, Ana B / Casanueva, Felipe F / Carreira, Marcos C

Nutrients. 2019 Nov. 08, v. 11, no. 11

2019

Abstract	Leptin, a hormone that is capable of effectively reducing food intake and body weight, was initially considered for use in the treatment of obesity. However, obese subjects have since been found to have high levels of circulating leptin and to be insensitive to the exogenous administration of leptin. The inability of leptin to exert its anorexigenic effects in obese individuals, and therefore, the lack of clinical utility of leptin in obesity, is defined as leptin resistance. This phenomenon has not yet been adequately characterized. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying leptin resistance is of vital importance for the application of leptin as an effective treatment for obesity. Leptin must cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) to reach the hypothalamus and exert its anorexigenic functions. The mechanisms involved in leptin transportation across the blood–brain barrier continue to be unclear, thereby preventing the clinical application of leptin in the treatment of obesity. In recent years, new strategies have been developed to recover the response to leptin in obesity. We have summarized these strategies in this review.
Keywords	food intake ; hypothalamus ; leptin ; obesity ; transportation
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-1108
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu11112704
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Article: An Epigenetic Signature is Associated with Serum 25‐Hydroxyvitamin D in Colorectal Cancer Tumors

Boughanem, Hatim / Izquierdo, Andrea G. / Hernández‐Alonso, Pablo / Arranz‐Salas, Isabel / Casanueva, Felipe F. / Tinahones, Francisco J. / Crujeiras, Ana B. / Macias‐Gonzalez, Manuel

Molecular nutrition & food research. 2021 Sept., v. 65, no. 18

2021

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Vitamin D has been widely associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) through different insights. This study aims to explore the association between serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and the global DNA methylation in tumor from CRC patients. ... ...

Abstract	INTRODUCTION: Vitamin D has been widely associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) through different insights. This study aims to explore the association between serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and the global DNA methylation in tumor from CRC patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: A genome‐wide DNA methylation analysis is conducted in 20 CRC patients under categorical (10 patients have 25(OH)D <30 ng mL⁻¹; 10 patients with 25(OH)D ≥30 ng mL⁻¹) and continuous models of 25(OH)D. A total of 95 differentially methylated CpGs (DMCpGs) are detected under the categorical model (false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05), while 16 DMCpGs are found under the continuous model. Regional analysis showed eight vitamin D‐associated differentially methylated regions (DMR). Between them, a DMR is the most significant at cAMP‐Dependent Protein Kinase Inhibitor Alpha (PKIA) locus. Furthermore, seven genes, including PKIA gene, have more or equal than two significant DMCpGs. The protein networking analysis found pathways implicated in cell adhesion and extracellular matrix, as well as signaling transduction. CONCLUSIONS: This study identifies novel epigenetic loci associated with serum 25(OH)D status. Interestingly, also, a positive association between vitamin D and DNA methylation in the CRC context is found, suggesting a role in CRC. Further studies are warranted to clarify and replicate these results.
Keywords	DNA methylation ; blood serum ; cAMP-dependent protein kinase ; cell adhesion ; colorectal neoplasms ; epigenetics ; extracellular matrix ; food research ; genes ; loci ; models ; vitamin D
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-09
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2160372-8
ISSN	1613-4133 ; 1613-4125
ISSN (online)	1613-4133
ISSN	1613-4125
DOI	10.1002/mnfr.202100125
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Article ; Online: Immunomodulatory effect of a very-low-calorie ketogenic diet compared with bariatric surgery and a low-calorie diet in patients with excessive body weight.

Lorenzo, Paula M / Sajoux, Ignacio / Izquierdo, Andrea G / Gomez-Arbelaez, Diego / Zulet, M Angeles / Abete, Itziar / Castro, Ana I / Baltar, Javier / Portillo, María P / Tinahones, Francisco J / Martinez, J Alfredo / Casanueva, Felipe F / Crujeiras, Ana B

Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)

2022 Volume 41, Issue 7, Page(s) 1566–1577

Abstract: Background & aim: Inflammation and oxidative stress are the most probable mechanistic link between obesity and its co-diseases with cancer among them. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the nutritional ketosis and weight loss induced by a ... ...

Abstract	Background & aim: Inflammation and oxidative stress are the most probable mechanistic link between obesity and its co-diseases with cancer among them. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the nutritional ketosis and weight loss induced by a very-low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) modulates the inflammatory and oxidative stress profile, compared with a standard, balanced hypocaloric diet (LCD) or bariatric surgery (BS) in patients with obesity. Methods: The study was performed in 79 patients with overweight or obesity and 32 normal-weight volunteers as the control group. Patients with obesity underwent a weight reduction therapy based on VLCKD, LCD or BS. The quantification of the circulating levels of a multiplexing test of cytokines and carcinogenesis/aging biomarkers, as well as of lipid peroxides and total antioxidant power, was carried out. Results: First, we observed that pro-inflammatory cytokines increase, while anti-inflammatory cytokines decrease under excessive body weight. Relevantly, when patients underwent weight loss strategies, it was shown that energy-restricted and surgical strategies of weight loss induced changes in circulating cytokine and lipid peroxides. This effect was more notable in patients following the VLCKD than the LCD or BS and it was observed mainly in the ketosis phase of the intervention. Particularly, IL-11, IL-12, IL-2, INF-γ, INF-β, Pentraxin-3 or MMP1 changed after VLCKD. Whereas, APRIL, TWEAK, osteocalcin and IL-28A increased after BS. Conclusion: As far as we know, this is the first study that evaluate the time-course of cytokines and oxidative stress markers after a VLCKD as compared with a standard LCD and BS. The observed results support the immunomodulatory effect of nutritional ketosis induced by a VLCKD synergistically with weight loss as a strategy to improve innate-immunity and to prevent infections and carcinogenesis in patients with obesity.
MeSH term(s)	Bariatric Surgery ; Biomarkers ; Caloric Restriction ; Carcinogenesis ; Cytokines ; Diet, Ketogenic/adverse effects ; Diet, Reducing ; Humans ; Ketosis ; Lipid Peroxides ; Obesity/surgery ; Weight Gain ; Weight Loss
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Cytokines ; Lipid Peroxides
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	604812-2
ISSN	1532-1983 ; 0261-5614
ISSN (online)	1532-1983
ISSN	0261-5614
DOI	10.1016/j.clnu.2022.05.007
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Article ; Online: Epigenetic Effects of Healthy Foods and Lifestyle Habits from the Southern European Atlantic Diet Pattern: A Narrative Review.

Lorenzo, Paula M / Izquierdo, Andrea G / Rodriguez-Carnero, Gemma / Fernández-Pombo, Antía / Iglesias, Alba / Carreira, Marcos C / Tejera, Cristina / Bellido, Diego / Martinez-Olmos, Miguel A / Leis, Rosaura / Casanueva, Felipe F / Crujeiras, Ana B

Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)

2022 Volume 13, Issue 5, Page(s) 1725–1747

Abstract: Recent scientific evidence has shown the importance of diet and lifestyle habits for the proper functioning of the human body. A balanced and healthy diet, physical activity, and psychological well-being have a direct beneficial effect on health and can ... ...

Abstract	Recent scientific evidence has shown the importance of diet and lifestyle habits for the proper functioning of the human body. A balanced and healthy diet, physical activity, and psychological well-being have a direct beneficial effect on health and can have a crucial role in the development and prognosis of certain diseases. The Southern European Atlantic diet, also named the Atlantic diet, is a unique dietary pattern that occurs in regions that present higher life expectancy, suggesting that this specific dietary pattern is associated with positive health effects. In fact, it is enriched with nutrients of high biological value, which, together with its cooking methods, physical activity promotion, reduction in carbon footprint, and promoting of family meals, promote these positive effects on health. The latest scientific advances in the field of nutri-epigenetics have revealed that epigenetic markers associated with food or nutrients and environmental factors modulate gene expression and, therefore, are involved with both health and disease. Thus, in this review, we evaluated the main aspects that define the Southern European Atlantic diet and the potential epigenetic changes associated with them based on recent studies regarding the main components of these dietary patterns. In conclusion, based on the information existing in the literature, we postulate that the Southern European Atlantic diet could promote healthy aging by means of epigenetic mechanisms. This review highlights the necessity of performing longitudinal studies to demonstrate this proposal.
MeSH term(s)	Diet ; Diet, Healthy ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Habits ; Humans ; Life Style
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2583634-1
ISSN	2156-5376 ; 2156-5376
ISSN (online)	2156-5376
ISSN	2156-5376
DOI	10.1093/advances/nmac038
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Article: Immunomodulatory effect of a very-low-calorie ketogenic diet compared with bariatric surgery and a low-calorie diet in patients with excessive body weight

Lorenzo, Paula M. / Sajoux, Ignacio / Izquierdo, Andrea G. / Gomez-Arbelaez, Diego / Zulet, M Angeles / Abete, Itziar / Castro, Ana I. / Baltar, Javier / Portillo, María P. / Tinahones, Francisco J. / Martinez, J Alfredo / Casanueva, Felipe F. / Crujeiras, Ana B.

Clinical nutrition. 2022 May 10,

2022

Abstract: Inflammation and oxidative stress are the most probable mechanistic link between obesity and its co-diseases with cancer among them. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the nutritional ketosis and weight loss induced by a very-low-calorie ... ...

Abstract	Inflammation and oxidative stress are the most probable mechanistic link between obesity and its co-diseases with cancer among them. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the nutritional ketosis and weight loss induced by a very-low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) modulates the inflammatory and oxidative stress profile, compared with a standard, balanced hypocaloric diet (LCD) or bariatric surgery (BS) in patients with obesity. The study was performed in 79 patients with overweight or obesity and 32 normal-weight volunteers as the control group. Patients with obesity underwent a weight reduction therapy based on VLCKD, LCD or BS. The quantification of the circulating levels of a multiplexing test of cytokines and carcinogenesis/aging biomarkers, as well as of lipid peroxides and total antioxidant power, was carried out. First, we observed that pro-inflammatory cytokines increase, while anti-inflammatory cytokines decrease under excessive body weight. Relevantly, when patients underwent weight loss strategies, it was shown that energy-restricted and surgical strategies of weight loss induced changes in circulating cytokine and lipid peroxides. This effect was more notable in patients following the VLCKD than the LCD or BS and it was observed mainly in the ketosis phase of the intervention. Particularly, IL-11, IL-12, IL-2, INF-γ, INF-β, Pentraxin-3 or MMP1 changed after VLCKD. Whereas, APRIL, TWEAK, osteocalcin and IL-28A increased after BS. As far as we know, this is the first study that evaluate the time-course of cytokines and oxidative stress markers after a VLCKD as compared with a standard LCD and BS. The observed results support the immunomodulatory effect of nutritional ketosis induced by a VLCKD synergistically with weight loss as a strategy to improve innate-immunity and to prevent infections and carcinogenesis in patients with obesity.
Keywords	antioxidant activity ; bariatric surgery ; biomarkers ; carcinogenesis ; clinical nutrition ; immunomodulators ; inflammation ; innate immunity ; interleukin-11 ; interleukin-12 ; interleukin-2 ; ketogenic diet ; ketosis ; low calorie diet ; obesity ; osteocalcin ; oxidative stress ; weight loss
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0510
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	604812-2
ISSN	1532-1983 ; 0261-5614
ISSN (online)	1532-1983
ISSN	0261-5614
DOI	10.1016/j.clnu.2022.05.007
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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