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Article: Analysis of acidified feed components containing African swine fever virus

McOrist, Steven / Scott, Peter C. / Jendza, Joshua / Paynter, David / Certoma, Andrea / Izzard, Leonard / Williams, David T.

Elsevier Ltd Research in veterinary science. 2022 Dec. 20, v. 152

2022

Abstract: Mitigation of African swine fever (ASF) virus in contaminated feed materials would assist control activities. Various finely-ground pig feed ingredients (5 cereals, 4 plant proteins, 2 animal proteins, 1 oil, 1 compound) were sprayed and mixed thoroughly ...

Abstract	Mitigation of African swine fever (ASF) virus in contaminated feed materials would assist control activities. Various finely-ground pig feed ingredients (5 cereals, 4 plant proteins, 2 animal proteins, 1 oil, 1 compound) were sprayed and mixed thoroughly with a buffered formic acid formulation (0, 1 or 2% vol/vol) to produce a consistent and durable level of formate (1% or 2%) with consistent acidification of cereal ingredients to less than pH 4. No such acidification was noted in other ingredients. Selected representative feed ingredients were further mixed with infectious ASF virus (10⁶ TCID₅₀) or media alone and incubated for 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 or 168 h. The residual ASF virus at each timepoint was quantified using qPCR and a cell culture based TCID₅₀ assay to determine survivability. Maize, rice bran and compound feed (with or without formate) all reduced infectious ASF virus to levels below the detection threshold of the cell culture assay (10¹.³ TCID₅₀/mL). A consistent reduction in ASF virus DNA levels was observed by qPCR assay when maize containing ASF virus was mixed with 1% or 2% buffered formic acid. This reduction in viral DNA corresponded to the acidifying pH effect measured. No such reduction in ASF virus DNA levels was noted in non-cereal ingredients containing ASF virus, in which the pH had not been lowered below pH 4 following treatment. Interestingly, residual ASF virus levels in spiked meat/bone meal were greater than control levels, suggesting a buffering effect of that feed ingredient.
Keywords	African swine fever ; African swine fever virus ; DNA ; acidification ; bone meal ; cell culture ; corn ; detection limit ; feed composition ; feed contamination ; formates ; formic acid ; meat ; oils ; pH ; research ; rice bran ; swine ; veterinary medicine ; viruses
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-1220
Size	p. 248-260.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	840961-4
ISSN	1532-2661 ; 0034-5288
ISSN (online)	1532-2661
ISSN	0034-5288
DOI	10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.08.014
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: A Review of DNA Vaccines Against Influenza.

Lee, Leo Yi Yang / Izzard, Leonard / Hurt, Aeron C

Frontiers in immunology

2018 Volume 9, Page(s) 1568

Abstract: The challenges of effective vaccination against influenza are gaining more mainstream attention, as recent influenza seasons have reported low efficacy in annual vaccination programs worldwide. Combined with the potential emergence of novel influenza ... ...

Abstract	The challenges of effective vaccination against influenza are gaining more mainstream attention, as recent influenza seasons have reported low efficacy in annual vaccination programs worldwide. Combined with the potential emergence of novel influenza viruses resulting in a pandemic, the need for effective alternatives to egg-produced conventional vaccines has been made increasingly clear. DNA vaccines against influenza have been in development since the 1990s, but the initial excitement over success in murine model trials has been tempered by comparatively poor performance in larger animal models. In the intervening years, much progress has been made to refine the DNA vaccine platform-the rational design of antigens and expression vectors, the development of novel vaccine adjuvants, and the employment of innovative gene delivery methods. This review discusses how these advances have been applied in recent efforts to develop an effective influenza DNA vaccine.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2606827-8
ISSN	1664-3224
ISSN	1664-3224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2018.01568
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Article ; Online: Analysis of acidified feed components containing African swine fever virus.

McOrist, Steven / Scott, Peter C / Jendza, Joshua / Paynter, David / Certoma, Andrea / Izzard, Leonard / Williams, David T

Research in veterinary science

2022 Volume 152, Page(s) 248–260

Abstract	Mitigation of African swine fever (ASF) virus in contaminated feed materials would assist control activities. Various finely-ground pig feed ingredients (5 cereals, 4 plant proteins, 2 animal proteins, 1 oil, 1 compound) were sprayed and mixed thoroughly with a buffered formic acid formulation (0, 1 or 2% vol/vol) to produce a consistent and durable level of formate (1% or 2%) with consistent acidification of cereal ingredients to less than pH 4. No such acidification was noted in other ingredients. Selected representative feed ingredients were further mixed with infectious ASF virus (10
MeSH term(s)	Swine ; Animals ; African Swine Fever Virus ; African Swine Fever/prevention & control ; Formates ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Swine Diseases
Chemical Substances	formic acid (0YIW783RG1) ; Formates ; DNA, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	840961-4
ISSN	1532-2661 ; 0034-5288
ISSN (online)	1532-2661
ISSN	0034-5288
DOI	10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.08.014
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Article: Isolation of a divergent strain of Rickettsia japonica from Dew's Australian bat Argasid ticks (Argas (Carios) dewae) in Victoria, Australia

Izzard, Leonard / Chung, Matthew / Dunning Hotopp, Julie / Vincent, Gemma / Paris, Daniel / Graves, Stephen / Stenos, John

Ticks and tick-borne diseases. 2018 Sept., v. 9, no. 6

2018

Abstract: A divergent strain of Rickettsia japonica was isolated from a Dew's Australian bat argasid tick, Argas (Carios) dewae, collected in southern Victoria, Australia and a full-genome analysis along with sequencing of 5 core gene fragments was undertaken. ... ...

Abstract	A divergent strain of Rickettsia japonica was isolated from a Dew's Australian bat argasid tick, Argas (Carios) dewae, collected in southern Victoria, Australia and a full-genome analysis along with sequencing of 5 core gene fragments was undertaken. This isolate was designated Rickettsia japonica str. argasii (ATCC VR-1665, CSUR R179).
Keywords	Argas ; Carios ; Chiroptera ; Rickettsia japonica ; dew ; genes ; tick-borne diseases ; ticks ; Australia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-09
Size	p. 1484-1488.
Publishing place	Elsevier GmbH
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2541872-5
ISSN	1877-9603 ; 1877-959X
ISSN (online)	1877-9603
ISSN	1877-959X
DOI	10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.07.007
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Article ; Online: Detection of Clade 2.3.4.4b Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Virus in Cambodia, 2021.

Edwards, Kimberly M / Siegers, Jurre Y / Wei, Xiaoman / Aziz, Ammar / Deng, Yi-Mo / Yann, Sokhoun / Bun, Chan / Bunnary, Seng / Izzard, Leonard / Hak, Makara / Thielen, Peter / Tum, Sothyra / Wong, Frank / Lewis, Nicola S / James, Joe / Claes, Filip / Barr, Ian G / Dhanasekaran, Vijaykrishna / Karlsson, Erik A

Emerging infectious diseases

2022 Volume 29, Issue 1, Page(s) 170–174

Abstract: In late 2021, highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses were detected in domestic ducks in poultry markets in Cambodia. Surveillance, biosafety, and biosecurity efforts should be bolstered along the poultry value chain to limit ... ...

Abstract	In late 2021, highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses were detected in domestic ducks in poultry markets in Cambodia. Surveillance, biosafety, and biosecurity efforts should be bolstered along the poultry value chain to limit spread and infection risk at the animal-human interface.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype ; Influenza in Birds/epidemiology ; Cambodia/epidemiology ; Poultry Diseases ; Birds ; Influenza, Human ; Ducks ; Poultry ; Phylogeny
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	1380686-5
ISSN	1080-6059 ; 1080-6040
ISSN (online)	1080-6059
ISSN	1080-6040
DOI	10.3201/eid2901.220934
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Article ; Online: Correction: ADAMTS5 Is a Critical Regulator of Virus-Specific T Cell Immunity.

McMahon, Meagan / Ye, Siying / Izzard, Leonard / Dlugolenski, Daniel / Tripp, Ralph A / Bean, Andrew G D / McCulloch, Daniel R / Stambas, John

PLoS biology

2019 Volume 17, Issue 11, Page(s) e3000558

Abstract: This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002580.]. ...

Abstract	[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002580.].
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2126776-5
ISSN	1545-7885 ; 1544-9173
ISSN (online)	1545-7885
ISSN	1544-9173
DOI	10.1371/journal.pbio.3000558
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Article: Enhanced immunogenicity following miR-155 incorporation into the influenza A virus genome

Izzard, Leonard / Daniel Dlugolenski / Yingju Xia / Meagan McMahon / Deborah Middleton / Ralph A. Tripp / John Stambas

Virus research. 2017 May 02, v. 235

2017

Abstract: Influenza A vaccine efficacy in the elderly is generally poor and so identification of novel molecular adjuvants to improve immunogenicity is important to reduce the overall burden of disease. Short non-coding RNAs, known as microRNAs (miRNAs) are known ... ...

Abstract	Influenza A vaccine efficacy in the elderly is generally poor and so identification of novel molecular adjuvants to improve immunogenicity is important to reduce the overall burden of disease. Short non-coding RNAs, known as microRNAs (miRNAs) are known to regulate gene expression and have the potential to influence immune responses. One such miRNA, miR-155, has been shown to modulate T and B cell development and function. We incorporated miR-155 into the influenza A virus (IAV) genome creating a self-adjuvanting âlive vaccineâ with the ability to modify immunogenicity. Infection of mice with a recombinant influenza virus encoding miR-155 in the NS gene segment altered epitope-specific expansion of influenza-specific CD8+ T cells and induced significantly higher levels of neutralising antibody.
Keywords	B-lymphocytes ; CD8-positive T-lymphocytes ; Influenza A virus ; adjuvants ; burden of disease ; elderly ; gene expression ; genes ; immune response ; influenza ; live vaccines ; mice ; microRNA ; neutralizing antibodies ; non-coding RNA
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-0502
Size	p. 115-120.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	605780-9
ISSN	1872-7492 ; 0168-1702
ISSN (online)	1872-7492
ISSN	0168-1702
DOI	10.1016/j.virusres.2017.04.002
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Article ; Online: Isolation of a divergent strain of Rickettsia japonica from Dew's Australian bat Argasid ticks (Argas (Carios) dewae) in Victoria, Australia.

Izzard, Leonard / Chung, Matthew / Dunning Hotopp, Julie / Vincent, Gemma / Paris, Daniel / Graves, Stephen / Stenos, John

Ticks and tick-borne diseases

2018 Volume 9, Issue 6, Page(s) 1484–1488

Abstract	A divergent strain of Rickettsia japonica was isolated from a Dew's Australian bat argasid tick, Argas (Carios) dewae, collected in southern Victoria, Australia and a full-genome analysis along with sequencing of 5 core gene fragments was undertaken. This isolate was designated Rickettsia japonica str. argasii (ATCC VR-1665, CSUR R179).
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Argas/microbiology ; Chiroptera/microbiology ; Disease Reservoirs/microbiology ; Female ; Genome, Bacterial ; Male ; Phylogeny ; Rickettsia/classification ; Rickettsia/genetics ; Rickettsia/isolation & purification ; Rickettsia/physiology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/veterinary ; Victoria
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-07-11
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2541872-5
ISSN	1877-9603 ; 1877-959X
ISSN (online)	1877-9603
ISSN	1877-959X
DOI	10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.07.007
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Article ; Online: Microbial ecology of autothermal thermophilic aerobic digester (ATAD) systems for treating waste activated sludge.

Hayes, David / Izzard, Leonard / Seviour, Robert

Systematic and applied microbiology

2011 Volume 34, Issue 2, Page(s) 127–138

Abstract: Despite their widespread use, our understanding of the microbial ecology of the autothermal thermophilic aerobic digesters (ATAD) used to dispose of sludge from wastewater treatment plants is poor. Applying both culture-dependent and molecular methods to ...

Abstract	Despite their widespread use, our understanding of the microbial ecology of the autothermal thermophilic aerobic digesters (ATAD) used to dispose of sludge from wastewater treatment plants is poor. Applying both culture-dependent and molecular methods to two ATAD systems in Victoria, Australia treating different wastewaters revealed that their communities were highly specialized. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiling suggested differences in their population compositions and both changed over time. However, both showed low level biodiversity, and contained several novel bacterial populations. 16S rRNA clone library data and FISH analyses showed that Thermus thermophilus dominated both communities and that of a third ATAD plant in NSW (more than 90% of the total bacterial biovolume in repeated samples taken from each of the three ATAD plants). Culture-dependent methods also showed Geobacillus spp. were present in both Victorian communities. Nevertheless, the ecophysiology of these populations and their putative roles in sludge digestion remain unclear. FISH/microautoradiographic studies did not provide conclusive data elucidating which substrate/s T. thermophilus might utilize in the ATAD reactors.
MeSH term(s)	Actinobacteria/genetics ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Biota ; Clostridium/genetics ; Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ; Geobacillus/genetics ; Geobacillus/isolation & purification ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Microbial Consortia/genetics ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Bacterial/genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Sewage/microbiology ; Thermus thermophilus/genetics ; Thermus thermophilus/isolation & purification
Chemical Substances	RNA, Bacterial ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Sewage
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-04
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	283612-9
ISSN	1618-0984 ; 0723-2020
ISSN (online)	1618-0984
ISSN	0723-2020
DOI	10.1016/j.syapm.2010.11.017
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Article ; Online: Enhanced immunogenicity following miR-155 incorporation into the influenza A virus genome.

Izzard, Leonard / Dlugolenski, Daniel / Xia, Yingju / McMahon, Meagan / Middleton, Deborah / Tripp, Ralph A / Stambas, John

Virus research

2017 Volume 235, Page(s) 115–120

Abstract	Influenza A vaccine efficacy in the elderly is generally poor and so identification of novel molecular adjuvants to improve immunogenicity is important to reduce the overall burden of disease. Short non-coding RNAs, known as microRNAs (miRNAs) are known to regulate gene expression and have the potential to influence immune responses. One such miRNA, miR-155, has been shown to modulate T and B cell development and function. We incorporated miR-155 into the influenza A virus (IAV) genome creating a self-adjuvanting 'live vaccine' with the ability to modify immunogenicity. Infection of mice with a recombinant influenza virus encoding miR-155 in the NS gene segment altered epitope-specific expansion of influenza-specific CD8
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-05-02
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	605780-9
ISSN	1872-7492 ; 0168-1702
ISSN (online)	1872-7492
ISSN	0168-1702
DOI	10.1016/j.virusres.2017.04.002
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